L U Sf 
LUS, a town of France, in the department of the Up¬ 
per Pyrenees: three miles fouth-weft of Barege, and nine 
fouth of Argellez. 
LUS la CROIX HAU'TE, a town of France, in the 
department of the Drome: fifteen miles eaft-louth-eaft of 
Die- . _ 
LUSA'TIA, a country and marquifate of Saxony, 
Bounded on the north by the Mark of Brandenburg, on 
the ea-ft by Silefia, on the fouth by Bohemia, and on the 
well by Saxony. It is about eighty-four miles long, and 
forty-five wide, and is divided into Upper and Lower. 
Upper Lulatia abounds more in mountains and hills, 
and enjoys a purer air than the Lower, in which are 
many boggy and moorilh traits. The latter, on the con¬ 
trary, has a great number of woods, and thofe finer ones 
than are to be met with in the firft, the fat tracts of which 
generally feel a great fcarcity of timber ; with which the 
others, notwithltanding, are fufficiently provided. Peat 
and turf are found in different parts. The mountainous 
tracts of Upper Lufatia are poor, and little adapted to agri¬ 
culture, but abound in game. The champaign conlilts 
partly of a meagre land, and partly of a flat and very pro¬ 
fitable marfh land, the latter of wdiich is met with in the 
centre of Upper Lufatia. In Lower Lufatia are both 
heathy and fertile trails. In each of thefe marquifates, 
rye, wheat, barley, and oats, are cultivated, as alfo much 
buck-wheat, together with peafe, lentils, beaus, and mil¬ 
let. In it likewife we find what is ufually called manna. 
The culture of flax here is pretty good. With refpect to 
orchard and garden fruits, as alfo to the culture of hops, 
tobacco, and wine, Lower Lufatia has greatly the prefer¬ 
ence to the Upper. They make likewife lome white and 
red wine. The products of this country, however, do not 
fufficiently anfwer the necefiities of the inhabitant*; corn, 
fruit, hops, garden-fluff, and wine, being imported into 
the Lufatias. The breeding of cattle is very confiderable, 
and the rivers, lakes, and ponds, yield divers forts of 
good fifh. Here and there we find pipe-makers’ clay, and 
ftone quarries. On fome of the mountains diamonds are 
dug, which refemble the Bohemian ; and in the traits near 
Lauban we fometimes meet with agates and jafpers. In 
feveral places a pretty good iron-ftoneis found and worked. 
The medicinal fp rings are not inconfiderable. The prin¬ 
cipal rivers are the Spree, the Black Elfter, and the Pulf- 
nitz. In Upper Lufatia are reckoned fix towns, which 
are called, by way of eminence, the Towns , or the Six 
Towns, fixteen fmaller country towns, and four market 
towns; but in the Lower only four towns which appear 
at the land-diets, together with thirteen country towns, 
and two market towns. 
The molt ancient inhabitants of this country, of whom 
vve have any certain knowledge, were the Semnones or 
Senones, who gave place to the Wandalers, and thefe 
again in the feventh century to the Sorber-Wends, who 
were a Sclavonian people. In the twelfth century, alfo, 
fome new inhabitants from the Low Countries and the 
Rhine arrived in thefe parts. Even to this day, the towns 
are almort wholly peopled with German inhabitants ; but 
in the villages a greater number of Wends than German* 
is to be met with. Some fmall lparks of the Chriltian 
doitrine were for the firft time made known to the Wends 
here in the feventh century. Luther’s doitrine, fo early 
as the year ijii, found acceptance among them, as well 
in'the Upper as in the Lower Lufatia; which doctrine fo 
fpread itfelf by degrees, that the proteftant became the 
prevailing church there, as it continues even to this day. 
In the year 1750* a royal mandate was addreffed to count 
Gerfdorf, at that time fuperintendant of Budifzin, pur¬ 
porting that the fraternal community of Hernhutters, in 
Upper Lufatia, ftiould be indulged and protected in qua¬ 
lity of faithful fubjeits. By the pnrehafe too and poffef- 
fion of feveral noble eftates, as Hemhuth, Bertholdorf, 
Hennerfdorf, Nifchky, Trabus, See. they obtained not 
only civil power, but alfo the patronage of churches. 
Without the afliftance of manufactures, Lufatia would be 
Vol XIII. No. 944. 
LUS , 
unable to fuppoft its inhabitants; but in the numerous, 
and good woollen and linen fluffs, it enjoys an important 
means of fubfifler.ee. Thefe flourilh principally in Up 
per Lulatia. The cloth-manufaiturea are the deleft, haw 
ing been in vogue in feveral towns fo early as the thir¬ 
teenth century. The linen-inanufabtures here are alio 
important; and the molt confiderable of thefe lie in Upper 
Lufatia. The conduit of the emperors Ferdinand II. and 
III. as alfo of Leopold, towards the proteftants in 
hernia and Silefia, caufed valf numbers of people to retire 
to Upper Lufatia; who, upon that, ereited the feveral vil¬ 
lages which flood on the borders of thefe countries, being 
moftly fituated in mountains, and for the generality fol¬ 
lowed the linen-weaving bulinefs. From this time, that 
is, from the year 1623, this country met with a quite dif¬ 
ferent and better reception, for it became more populous 
and powerful; and to thefe new inhabitants, whofe pol- 
terity were fo greatly increafed, are owing the fucceeding 
inundation of linen manufaiiures and trade in Upper Lu¬ 
latia, which happened principally between the years 1660 
and 1690. In Lufatia are made all forts of linen, from 
unbleached yarn, common and fine, as alfo fine white da- 
malk for table and bed cloths, and white tick. The black 
and fine dyings alfo fupport many hands; and, exclufive 
of thefe, there are good manufactures of hats, leather, pa¬ 
per, gunpowder, iron, glals, and wax-bleaching, together 
with other works of artifts and handicrafts-people. By 
means of thefe manufactures, and in particular by means 
of the cloths and linens, a confiderable trade is carried oa 
there; which indeed is not at prefent fo great as it was for¬ 
merly, but Hill is important, being productive of much 
advantage to Lufatia, as it exceeds the importation in 
wool, yarn, and filk, which are employed for their manu¬ 
factures in foreign filk, and woollen commodities, gold 
and filver lace-points, 8 cc. in wines, fpices, corn, trelh 
and baked fruits, garden-fluff, and hops. The great trade 
carried on in linen had its beginning in the year 1684. 
Upper Lufatia formerly belonged to Bohemia. Lower 
Lufatia, which alone, till the 15th century, was called Lu¬ 
fatia, was firft ereited into a marquifate in the year 931, 
by Henry I. king of Germany. In the middle of the 16th 
century, they were both c«ded to the eleCtor of Saxony, 
in confideration of a large fum of money, which the elec¬ 
tor had advanced to the emperor, in his war with the Bo¬ 
hemians, with condition only that the kings of Bohemia 
ftiould retain the armorial bearings. The fate of this 
country, as to future ownerlhip, is not (Jan. 1815) ab(o- 
lutely determined; but it is underflood, that Saxony will 
be deprived of it; and that Upper Lufatia will fall to 
Auftria, Lower Lufatia to Pruflia. 
LUS'BY, a village in Lincolnlhire, north-weft of Spilfby. 
LU'SCHETZ, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 
Schlan : eight miles fouth-weft of Prague. 
LUSCIN'IUS (Ottomarus), a BenediCtine monk, born 
at Stralburg, but an inhabitant of Augfburg. He publifhed 
in 1536 a work, entitled Mufurgia, feu Praxis Mufica, in 
fmali oblong 4to. a book chiefly curious and valuable for 
the reprefentations of fuch mufical inftruments as were 
ufed in Germany at the time it was written, which, though 
coarfely cut in wood, are accurately drawn. They are, 
among keyed-inltrymems, the virginal, fpinnet, and cla¬ 
vichord, all three in the form of a fmall modern piano¬ 
forte; an upright harpfichord ; a regal, or portable organ, 
chiefly compofed of reed-flops, and in Roman-catholic 
countries ufed in proceffions; and a large or church organ. 
Of bowed inflrnments, we have here only the monochord, 
rebec, or three-ftringed violin, and the viol da gamba. 
The vielle, lute, harp, and dulcimer j cornet, fcbalmey, 
or bafe clarinet, both played with reeds; flutes of various 
lize; among which is the zwerckpfeiff, or, as we call it, 
the German fute ; which accounts for its name, as we be¬ 
lieve, at this early period, it was unknown to the reft of 
Europe. There are four other wind-inftruments, peculiar 
to Germany and northern countries, exhibited here ; as, 
firft, the Tufpfeifft or Ruffiau flute ; fecoud, the irumhorn y 
9*1 
