795 L U T 
L U T 
tharine a Borla, furvived him almoft fevet* years. She 
remained during the firlt year of her widowhood at Wit- 
temberg, though.Luther had advifed her to feek another 
place of refidence. She went from thence in the year 
1547, when the town was furrendered to the emperor 
Charles V. Before.her departure, (lie had received a pre- 
fent of fifty crowns from Chriftian III. king of Denmark; 
and the eleCtor of Saxony, and the counts of Mansfeldt, 
gave her tokens of their liberality. With thefe additions 
to what .Luther had left her, fhe had wherewithal to 
maintain herfelf and her family handfomely. She re¬ 
turned to Wittemberg when the town was reftored to 
the elector ; where fhe lived in a very devout and pious 
manner, till the plague obliged her to leave it again in 
the year 1552. She fold what fhe had at Wittemberg ; 
and retired to Torgau, with a rel'olution to end her days 
there. An unfortunate mifchance befel her in her jour¬ 
ney thither, which proved fatal to her. The horfes 
growing unruly, and attempting to run away, (lie leaped 
out of the vehicle fhe was conveyed in, and got a fall, of 
which fhe died about a quarter of a year after at Torgau, 
upon the 20th of December, 1552. She was buried thero 
in the great church, where her tomb and epitaph are hill 
to be feen ; and the univerfity of Wittemberg, which was 
•then at Torgau becaufe the plague raged at Wittemberg, 
publiflied an account of the funeral. 
The numerous works of Luther, in the Latin and Ger¬ 
man languages, which are partly exegetical, partly di¬ 
dactic, and partly polemical, were collected together after 
his death, and publiflied at Jena, in 1556, in 4 vols. folio, 
and afterwards at Wittemberg, in 1572, in 7 vols. folio. 
We believe our readers will be gratified by being prefent- 
ed with a fac-fimile of the hand-writing of this great re¬ 
former. It is copied from his own Biole, preferved at 
Erfurt in Germany, in the difl’olved priory of J>t. Au- 
gultine, of which, as we have noticed at the beginning of 
this article, he was for fome time a monk, and where he 
firft had the good fortune to meet with a perfect copy of 
the facred volume. 
LU'THERAN, f. One who profeffes the Chriftian re¬ 
ligion as reformed by Luther.— I know her for a fpleeny 
Lutheran. Shakejpeare's Henry VIII. 
LU'THERAN, adj. According to the doCtrine of Lu¬ 
ther.—Their religion is Lutheran , which was propagated 
among them by Guftavus Vafa about the year 1523. 
Guthrie. 
LU'THER ANISM, f. The religion of Lutherans.— 
Proteftantifm is divided into Lutheranifm and Calvinifm, 
fo called from Luther and Calvin, the two diftinguiftied 
reformers of the fixteenth century. Guthrie. 
Lutheranifm has undergone fome alteration fince the 
•tune of its founder. Luther rejected the Epiftle of St. 
James, as inconfiltent with the doClrine of St. Paul in re¬ 
lation to juftification ; lie alfo fet afide tile Apocalypfe ; 
both which are now received as canonical in the Lutheran 
church. Luther reduced the number of facraments to 
two, viz. baptifm and the eucharift; but he believed the 
impanation, or confubftantiation ; that is, that the matter 
of the bread and wine remain with the body and blood of 
Chrift; and it is in this article, that the main difference 
between the Lutheran and Englifh churches confifts. Lu¬ 
ther maintained the mafs to he no facrifke ; he exploded 
the adoration of the hoff, auricular confeffion, meritorious 
works, indulgences, purgatory, the worfhip of images, 
icc. which had been introduced in the corrupt times of 
the Roniifh church. He alfo oppofed the doClrine of free¬ 
will ; maintained predeffination ; afferted .that we are ne- 
seflitated in all we do ; that all our aftions done in a date 
of fin, and even tile virtues themfelves of heathens, are 
crimes ; that we are only juftified by the imputation of the 
merits and fatisfaClion of Chrift. He alfo oppofed the 
fallings in the Romiffi church, monadic vows, the celi¬ 
bacy of the clergy, &c. 
Some authors reckon thirty-nine different feCls, which 
at different times have fprung up among the Lutherans. 
The Lutherans, of all proteftants, are thofe who differ 
lead from the Romilh church ; as they affirm, that the 
body and blood of Chrift are materially prefer.t in the fa- 
crament of the Lord’s fupper, though in an.incomprehen- 
fible manner; and likewife reprefent fome religious rites 
and inftitutions, as the ufe of images in churches, the 
didinguiftiing veffments of the clergy, the private con- 
/effion of fins, the ufe of wafers in the adminiftration of 
rifae Lord’s fupper, the form of exorcifni in the celebra¬ 
tion of baptifm, and other ceremonies of the like nature, 
as tolerable, and fome of them as ufeful. The Lutherans 
maintain, with regard to the divine decrees, that they re- 
fpeCl the falvation or mifery of men, in confequence of a 
previous knowledge of their fentiments and characters, 
and not as free and unconditional, and as founded on the 
mere will of God. Towards the dole of the 17th cen¬ 
tury, the Lutherans began to entertain a greater liberality 
of fentiment than they had before adopted ; though in 
many places they perfevered longer in fevere and delpotic 
principles than other proteftant churches. Their public 
teachers now enjoy an unbounded liberty of diffenting 
from the decifions of thofe fymbols, or creeds, which were 
once deemed almoft infallible rules of faith and praCtice,; 
and of declaring their diffent in the manner they judge 
the mod expedient. Molheim attributes this change in 
their fentiments to the maxim, which they generally 
adopted, That Chriltians were accountable to God alone 
for their religious opinions.; and that no individual could 
be juftly punifhed by the magiftrate for his erroneous opi¬ 
nions, while he conducted himfelf like a virtuous and 
obedient fubjeCt, and made no attempts to dilturb the 
peace and order of civil fociety. 
LUTHER'N, f. [Income, Fr. from the Lat. iucerna, 
light, or lantern.] A kind of window over the cornice, 
in the roof of a building ; handing perpendicularly over 
the naked of the wall ; and ferving to illuminate the up¬ 
per ftory. Architects diftinguifh them into various kinds, 
according to their forms ; as lquare, femicircular, bulls’ 
eyes, flat arches, Flemifh lutherns, See. 
LU'THINGLAND, a village in Suffolk, by the lake 
Luthing, near the river Yare. 
LU'TI (Benedetto), an eminent painter, born at Flo¬ 
rence in 1666, was the difciple of Gabbiani, and from 
him went to Rome, to put himfelf under the direction of 
Ciro Terri ; but, being difappointed by his death, formed 
a ftyle of his own, the refult of various imitations; fe- 
leCt in defign, amene and lucid in colour, well contrafted 
by maffes of light and (hade, and harmonious to the eye. 
He painted not without merit in frefco, and with greater 
merit in oil : his “ Cain flying from his murdered bro¬ 
ther” has fomething of fubiimity and pathos, breathing- 
refinement of tafteand elegance. He died in 1724, at the 
age of fifty-eight. Fu/cli's Pilhington. 
LUTIA'NUSjy; in ichthyology, a genus of fifties inti¬ 
tuled 
