L U T 
fated by Bloch, and adopted by Cepede; but not by 
jDr. Turton in his tranflation of Ginelin’s Linnaeus, nor 
by Dr. Shaw in his more recent work on General Zoology. 
We (hall follow the example of the latter, who has placed 
all the fpecies under the genus Sparus. 
Nearly the fame remarks will apply to the genus Ho- 
tocgNTRUs, which we omitted to notice in its proper 
place, at vol. x. p. 244.. But it fhould be obferved, that 
neither of thofe genera could have been known by Gmelin, 
as the la ft fix parts of Bloch’s great work had not then 
appeared ; and Dr. Turton, adhering to his text, has 
omitted them. Dr. Shaw has adopted the Holocentrus ; 
but, as we have palled it by, we lhall place the fpecies 
among thofe of the genus they mod referable, the Perca. 
LU'TING, /. The method or procefs of doling with 
clay. The compofition with which veffels are doled for 
chemical purpoles. See the article Chemistry, vol. iv. 
p. 192, 374, 5- . 
It is generally agreed, that the rapid progrefs made m 
chemiltry within the lall twenty years, is partly owing to 
the various apparatus invented by the celebrated Lavoilier, 
and to the additional precautions that have been adopted 
in the art of luting them. Luting has rendered ellential 
fervices to chemiltry ; for, by facilitating the condenfa- 
tion of many aeriform products, it has furniflied the means 
of determining their nature, and afcertaining their quan¬ 
tity and weight. This did not efcape the fagacityof that 
ingenious French chemilt M. Chaptal: “ It is on the art 
of properly luting an apparatus,” fays he, “ that the whole 
fuccefs of an operation depends.” Among the fubdances 
mod commonly ufed for this purpofe are the greafy lut¬ 
ings, pade of almonds, or linfeed from which the oil has 
been exprefled, and mixed with glue; that made of white 
of eggs, and of foft cheefe mixed with lime. The life of 
thefe diderent kinds is attended with inconveniences 
which render them improper to be employed in all eir- 
cumdances. The greafy luting, for indance, compofed 
of dried clay and oil combined with an oxyd of lead, can 
only be applied on fuch parts as are not expofed to too 
violent a degree of heat; they melt with a high tempera¬ 
ture, and of courfe do more harm than good. Thofe 
made with linfeed and almonds mixed with glue or gela¬ 
tine, are frequently too porous, eafily dedroyed by acids, 
and by ammoniac reduced to a gafeous date. The in¬ 
convenience of thofe prepared from white of egg and 
cream-cheefe, mixed with lime, is, that they become folid 
very foon after they are incorporated, fo that it is ex¬ 
tremely difficult to lay them on. The following there¬ 
fore, which avoids all the above inconveniences, is recom¬ 
mended in the Annales de Chimie, by profeffor Payffe s 
“Take white of eggs together with the yolks; carbonated 
lime pulverifed, or lime well flaked in the air, half the 
weight of the eggs : apply it to a linen cloth, and lute 
with it.” This compofition, it is obferved, dries very 
/lowly, and poflefles a certain elalticity when dry ; yet is 
fa compaft, that veffels impermeable to water have been 
formed of it, which were even capable of being highly 
polifhed ; it refids any degree of heat, and the aftion of 
any vapour, even that of oxygenated muriatic acid. 
LU'TISPURG, a town of Swiflerland, in the county 
-ef Tecklenburg : four miles north of Lichtendeig. 
LUT'KE, a town of Prullia, in the province of Natan- 
«en : three miles ead of Johannelburg. 
LUT'KEN DORT'MUND, a town of Germany, in the 
county of Mark : three miles louth of Caltrop. 
LUT'KENBORG, a town of the duchy of Kolftein : 
thirty miles north JLubec, and fifty-five north-north-eaft 
of Hamburg. 
LUT'MA (Janus or John), an engraver and goldfmith 
of Amderdam, in the fixteenth century, who didinguifhed 
himfelf by the invention of a new mode of art, which 
had its day of novelty, and was for a time popular among 
fuperficial connoiffeurs.; it was termed opus mallei, being 
performed with a hammer, and fmall pointed punches, 
wilich made aaimpr^gioo upoa the copper.; and, by being 
t u T 799 
repeated ai occasion required, the fliadows were formed 
either darker or fainter, at pleafure. The burr, which 
was neceflarily raifed upon the furface of the copper by 
fuch an operation, was not entirely removed by the dra¬ 
per; and, in the early impreffions, is the means of pro¬ 
ducing a foft and agreeable effect. He engraved four 
plates in this ftyle, which are as follows: Janus Lutma; 
John Lutma, his father ; the poet Vondel; and P. C. 
Hooft, the hiftorian ; all of them in folio, and apparently 
from his own drawings. 
LUT'MA (John), the fon of the preceding, was bom 
at Amfterdam, A. D. 1609. He was like wife a goldfmith,, 
and executed fome few plates ; among others the follow¬ 
ing : The portrait of John Lutma the father, habited in a 
robe bordered with ermine, holding fpeCtacles and a pen¬ 
cil ; portrait of himfelf, feated at a table, drawing; he hae 
on a broad-brimmed hat, which overlhadows his face; 
this print is very rare ; bo'tb in folio ; and a view of a 
large fountain with ftatues, and the Antonine column, 
with fome other ruins at Rome. It is firlt etched in * 
coarfe bold ftyle, and the (hadows are worked upon with 
a fine mezzotinto tool. The effeCt produced by this mix¬ 
ture is confufed and heavy, but not altogether difagreea- 
ble to the eye. 
James Lutma was of the fame family, atid alfo refidecl 
at Amsterdam ; by this artiff we have a let of twelve mid«= 
dling-fized upright plates of ornamental ftiields and foli¬ 
age, etched in a neat ftyle and finifhed with the grav r; 
likewife .the portraits of the three Lurmas, marked 
“John Lutma of Oude inv. James Lutma fecit, aqua, 
forti.” 
LUTOMIR'SK, a town of the duchy of Warfaw : eigh¬ 
teen miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Lencicz, and eighty weft- 
fouth-weft of Warfaw. 
LU'TON, a confiderable market-town in Bedfordfliire, 
fituated among fome hills on the banks of the river Lea; 
three miles from Dunftable, and thirty-one from London. 
The town is long and irregular, iliaped fome thing like the 
Roman Y, the angles branching off from the rr.arket- 
houfe, which is an exienfive building. The population 
of the hundred of Flitt, (of which Luton is the only con¬ 
fiderable place,) according to the returns in the year 1811, 
was 8597, inhabiting 1644 houfes. The only ftrucfure 
in the town deferving attention is the church, which con- 
fifts of a choir, a nave and two aifles, fupported by ten 
pointed arches, two tranfepts, and a handlome embattled 
toiver at the weft end, checkered with Hint and free-lfone; 
at the corners are hexangular turrets, fimilar to that at 
Dunftable. The arch of the weft door is ornamented 
with mouldings of various flowers, &c. Within the 
church is a Angular piece of ancient architecture, an oc¬ 
tagonal ftone font, inclofed in a lofty wooden frame of 
pointed arches, terminated with elegant tabernacle-work. 
The confecrated water, during the prevalence of the Ro¬ 
man ceremonies, was kept in a large bafon at the top, 
whence it was let down by the prieft, through a pipe, into 
the font. On the infide of the roof a vine is reprefented, 
guarded by a lamb from the affaults of a dragon : emble¬ 
matical of the defence which baptifm affords to the church 
from tiie attempts of the devil. On the north fide of the 
choir is an elegant chapel, founded by John lord Wen- 
lock, who bore a diftinguiflied part in the conteft between 
the houfes of York and Lancafter. The principal ma¬ 
nufacture carried on in Luton is that of ftraw bonnets. 
A weekly market, noted for its abundant fupply of corn, 
is held on Mondays; it is of great antiquity, being men¬ 
tioned in the Domefday Survey, where the tolls are valued 
at iqos. per annum; and here are two annual fairs. Pom- 
fret, the poet, was a native of this town 5 his father was 
firlt curate, and then vicar, of the parifli. 
About three miles from the town, on an elevated fitua- 
tion at the border of the Bedfordfiure downs, in the midfi 
of a well-wooded park, ftands Luton-Hoo, the feat of the 
marquis of Bute. The old park, which confifted of about, 
309 acres, inclofed by fir Robert papier,, was enlarged to 
® ia<j» 
