80S LUX 
cations, Sigefroy I. comte of Luxemburg, built a wall 
round it in the tenth century. In 1543 Luxemburg was 
taken and pillaged by the French, commanded by Charles 
duke of Orleans, fecond fon of Francis I. but in the year 
1544, Ferdinand de Gonzago, viceroy of Sicily, and ge¬ 
neral under Charles V. retook it after a fiege of fifteen 
days. It remained under the dominion of Spain till the 
year 1684, when the French came to affault it, under the 
command of marefchal de Crequy, after they had bom¬ 
barded it the preceding year; the trenches were opened 
the 8th of May, and the city furrendered the 4th of June. 
The French continued its mailers, by virtue of a treaty 
made at Ratilboti the fame year, and very much extended 
the fortifications; but, by the peace of Ryfwick, in 1697, 
it was reftored to Spain in the condition it then was. It 
was again taken by the French in 1701, and by the bar¬ 
rier treaty it was ceded to the States-general; but in 1715 
it was reilored to the emperor, whole troops took poffef- 
fiqn of it the 16th of January, 1715. The river Alfitz 
runs through it, and divides it into Upper Town and 
Lower; the former fituated on a rock, the latter in a plain 5 
the fortifications of it were thought to be almoit the 
ftrongeft in Europe. Luxemburg was blockaded by the 
French, as foon as they had made themfelves mailers of 
the furrounding country ; and furrendered to them on the 
7th of June, 1795, by capitulation. The furrender of Lux¬ 
emburg put the French in pofi'eilion of the whole coun¬ 
try on the left of tire Rhine, except Mentz. Population 
about 10,000. It is fifty miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Liege, 
and fixteen fouth-weft of Treves. Lat.49.40. N. Ion. 
4 .13.E. 
LUX'EMBURG (Francis-Henryde Montmorenci,Duke 
of), marihal of France, and a celebrated general, was born 
in 1628, being the polthumous fon of the count of Bout- 
teville, who was beheaded under Louis XIII. for fighting 
a duel. Devoting himfelf to a military life, he was prefent 
in 1643 at the battle of Rocroi gained by the great Conde, 
whofe various fortunes he followed. He refembled that 
hero in feveral of his qualities: in ardour of mind, quick 
and fure judgment, prompt execution, and an avidity for 
the acquifition of knowledge. In 1662 he was admitted 
a duke and peer of France; and in 1667 he was made a 
lieutenant-general, in which ilation he diftinguillied him¬ 
felf at the conqueft of Franche Comte. In the war of 1672, 
he commanded in chief at the invaiion of Holland, where 
in one campaign he took a number of towns, and gained 
the battles of Bodegrave and Woerden. He. is charged 
by the Dutch hiltorians with Itimulating his foldiers to 
all manner of barbarous and licentious outrage; at lead it 
is certain that under his command they committed every 
excefs without reilraint. When it became neceffary to 
evacuate that country, he made a retreat which was uni- 
verfally admired. In 1674 and 1675 he was oppofed to the 
prince of Orange, and by his fuccefs obtained the ftaff of 
marihal of France. After the death of Turenne he had 
the command of a divifion of the French army, with which 
fee was unable to prevent the capture of Philipfburg by 
prince Charles of Lorraine. 
Marihal Luxemburg was a man of a very licentious cha¬ 
pter, greatly add idled to the fair fex, though deformed 
an perfon and not agreeable in feature. The connexion 
of one of his agents with certain females of intrigue 
eaufed him to be involved in the horrid affair of the poi¬ 
sonings which excited fo much alarm in 1680. He re¬ 
paired voluntarily to the Baltille, where he was treated 
with rigour, through the dillike and jealoufy of Louvois. 
He underwent Some examinations on frivolous and ridi¬ 
culous charges ; and, after a detention of fourteen months, 
was difmiffed without any fentence being given either for 
*r again!! him. He was not deprived of his command in 
the army; and, when the war of 1690 broke out, he was 
fetit into Flanders as general in chief. He gained the bat¬ 
tle of Flenrus again!! the prince of Waldeck, and thole of 
Xeuze and Steinkerk again!! king William. In the lat¬ 
ter, through the falfe information of a fpy, he was fur- 
L U X 
prifed, and part of his army was routed before he difeo- 
vered the enemy’s intention; but he exerted himfelf with 
fo much vigour and ability, that he recovered the day, 
and repulfed the allied army with lofs. In 1693 he gained 
again!! William the bloody battle of Nerwinden, and took 
Charleroi. He terminated his fervices the next year by a 
long march in prefence of the enemy from Vigamont to 
the Scheld near Tournay, by wdiich he rendered abor¬ 
tive the defigns of the allies upon the maritime places of 
France. He died at Verfailles in January 1695, at the 
age of fixty-feven,and with him the viC!ories of Louis XIV. 
ended. No general after him poffeffed to fuch a degree 
the attachment and confidence of the foldiers, who were 
always ready to follow whitherfoever he led, and thought 
themfelves invincible under his command. His fuccefs in 
the field again!! king William was almoft invariable ; and, 
when that prince in a jit of fpleen called him hump-back 
—“What does he know of my back ? (faid Luxemburg ;) 
he never faw it.” 
LUXEU'IL, a town of France, and principal place of 
a diftriC!, in the department of the Upper Saone. Near it 
are fome chalybeate fprings, and fome warm baths. It is 
fourteen miles north-eal! of Vefoul, and thirty-feven north 
of Befan^on. Lat. 47. 49. N. Ion. 6. 27. E. 
LUX'FORD LAKE, an arm of the lea which encom- 
paffes the town of Pool in Dorfetfhire. 
LUX'OR, a village of Egypt, on the right fide of the 
Nile, fituated on a part of the ancient Thebes, where are 
the ruins of a large and magnificent temple fuppofed to 
be a part of the fepulchre of Ofymandyas. See the article 
Egypt, vol. vi. p. 347, 8. with the accompanying en¬ 
graving, reprefenting the remains of this temple or lepul- 
chre, at the entrance of the ancient city of Thebes. 
LUX'TON, a village in Somerfetfhire, near the Axe- 
river, between Axhridge and Uphill. 
LUXULIAN', a village in Cornwall, among the mine¬ 
ral hills, to the weft of Leftwithiel. 
LUX'UR,/ [from luxure, Fr.] A letcher.—A parch’d 
and juicelefs luxur. Revenger's Tragedy. 
LUXU'RIANCE, or Luxu'riancy,/. [luxurious, Lat.] 
Exuberance ; abundant or wanton plenty or growth.—A 
fungus prevents healing only by its luxuriancy. Wifeman. 
While through the parting robe th* alternate bread 
In full luxuriance role. Thomfon's Summer. 
LUXURIANT, adj. Exuberant; fuperflnoufly plen¬ 
teous.—If the fancy of Ovid be luxuriant, it is his cha¬ 
racter to be fo. Dry den's Prtf. to Ovid's Epijiles. 
Prune the luxuriant, the uncouth refine. 
But fliow no mercy to an empty line. Pope. 
To LUXU'RIATE, v. n. To grow exuberantly; to !hoot 
with fiuperfluous plenty. 
LUXURIOUS, adj. Delighting in the pleafures of the 
table. Adminiltering to luxury ; as, the luxurious board; 
Thofe whom laft thou faw’ft 
In triumph, and luxurious wealth, are they 
Firlt feen in aCIs of prowefs eminent, 
And great exploits; but of true virtue void 
. Milton . 
Lultful; libidinous: 
She knows the heat of a luxurious bed : 
Her blulh is guiltinefs, not modefty. 
Shakefpeare, 
Voluptuous; enflaved to pleafure ; 
Luxurious cities, where the noife 
Of riot afeends above the loftieft tow’rs. 
Milton „ 
Softening by plealure: 
Repel the Tufcan foes, their city feize, 
ProteCt the Latians in luxurious eafe. 
Dryden. 
Luxuriant; exuberant; 
Till more hands 
Aid us, the work under our labour grows 
Luxurious by reltraint. Milton's Paradife Lojl. 
3 LUXURIOUSLY 
