L Y C 
LYCA'ON, the firft king of Arcadia, fon of Pelafgns 
and Melibcea. He built a town called Lycofura on the 
top of Mount Lycasus, in honour of Jupiter. He had 
many wives, by whom he had a daughter, called Caliila, 
and fifty tons. He was fucceeded on the throne by Nyc- 
timus, the eldeft of his tons. He lived about 1820 years 
before the Chriftian era. Apollod. 3. Hygin. _ fab. 176.— 
Another king of Arcadia, celebrated for his cruelties. 
He was changed into a wolf by Jupiter, becaufe he offered 
human victims on the altars of the god Pan. Some at¬ 
tribute this metamorphofis to another caule. The fins of 
mankind, as they relate, were become fo enormous, that 
Jupiter vifited the earth to punilh wickednefs and impiety. 
He came to Arcadia, where he was announced as a god, 
and the people began to pay proper adoration to his divi¬ 
nity. Lycaon, however, who ufed to facrifice all itrangers 
to his wanton cruelty, laughed at the pious prayers of his 
fubjefts, and, to try the divinity of the gods, ferved up 
human flefh on his table. This impiety fo irritated Ju¬ 
piter, that he immediately deltroyed the houfe of Lycaon, 
and changed him into a wolf. Ovid. Met. —Thefe two mo- 
narchs are often confounded together, though it appears 
that they were two different characters, and that not lefs 
than an age elapied between their reigns. 
LYC Ab'NI A, in ancient geography, a province of Alia 
Minor, fouth of Galatia. According to Strabo, Ifauria 
made a part of it. It was lituated between mountains ; 
and is fuppofed to have derived its name from Xvkoc, a 
wolf, becaufe the country, from its lituation, formed a 
proper retreat for thofe animals. The principal places of 
Lycaonia, according to Ptolemy, were Adopilfus Canna, 
Iconium, Paralais Coma, Cafbia, and Baratta. The apof- 
tles of this country are faid to have been St. Paul and St. 
Barnabas. The Notitia of Hierocles reckons in this pro¬ 
vince eighteen epifcopal towns. 
LYCAO'NIAN, /. An inhabitant of Lycaonia, or one 
born there. 
LYCAO'NIAN, adj. Appertaining to Lycaonia. 
Lycaonian Language. St. Paul, preaching at Lyltra, 
a town in Lycaonia, (Acts xiv. 8.) cured a man who had 
been lame from his mother’s womb, and had never walked. 
Whereupon the inhabitants of Lyltra faid, in the fpeech of 
Lycaonia, (ver. 11.) “ the gods are come down to us in the 
likenefs of men.” The queftion is, what this ipeech of 
Lacaonia was ? It is generally believed to have been a 
corrupt Greek ; and it is certain that Greek was fpoken in 
Aha Minor. Paul Ernelt Jalilonfki has written a learned 
diliertation on the Lycaonian tongue; he luppofes it was 
the fame with the Cappadocian, i. e. Greek mingled with 
a great deal of Syriac; an opinion which has been fol¬ 
lowed by Grotius, and is very probable, by reafon.of the 
neighbourhood of Syria, Cappadocia, and Lycaonia ;* for, 
had there been only a difference of dialect, St. Luke would 
not have faid, that thefe people cried in the Ipeech, of Ly¬ 
caonia; a dialect is not a particular language, or fpeech. 
Calmet. 
LYCAS'TE, an ancient town of Crete, whofe inhabi¬ 
tants accompanied Idomeneus to the Trojan war. Homer. 
II. ii.—A daughter of Priam by a concubine. She mar¬ 
ried Polydamas, the fon .of Anter.or.—A famous cour- 
tefan of Drepanum, called Venus on account of her 
great beauty. She had a fon called EryxbyButes, fon 
of Amycus. 
LYCE'UM, [Avxeiok, Gr.] The name of a celebrated 
fchool, or academy, at Athens, where Ariltotle explained 
his philofophy. The place was a grove in the fuburbs of 
Athens, which had previoufly been uled for military exer- 
ciles. It was compofed of porticos, and trees planted in 
the quincunx form, where the philofophers difputed walk- 
ins. Hence philofophy of the Lyceum is ufed to fignify the 
philofophy of Ariltotle, or the Peripatetic philofophy. 
Suldas obferves, that the Lyceum took its name from its 
having been originally a temple of Apollo Lyceus ; or ra¬ 
ther, a portico or gallery built by Lyceus, fon of Apollo; 
but others mention jt to have been built by Pifilfyatus, or 
LYC 807 
Pericles. Here Ariltotle delivered his lectures to a pro- 
mifcuous auditory in the evening, when the Lyceum was 
open to all young men without diftin&ion ; but in the 
morning his difciples were more feled,, and fuch as had 
been previoufiy inltruCted in the elements of learning, and 
difeovered abilities and difpoiitions fuited to the ftudy of 
philofophy. The latter he called his morning-walk, and 
the former his evening-walk. Ariltotle continued his 
fchool in the Lyceum twelve years. 
Public fchools, under the name of Lyceums, were elta- 
blifhed in France by the authority of the late emperor; 
and in this way not fewer than 6400 fcholars were main¬ 
tained by the Itate. Even here, however, it is curious to 
ohferve the efforts of Bonaparte to efcape from the per¬ 
formance of pecuniary obligations, and to throw the 
expenfe of thefe inliitutions on the particular quarters of 
the country in which they were fituated. Having palled 
a decree commanding the mayors and municipal councils 
to fupply the luants of young Undents on their arrival, 
this power was lo far abufed, that troops of boys, colleft- 
ed in various departments, were lent to be newly clothed 
and equipped at the expenfe off any town wherein a Ly¬ 
ceum was eftabliihed. From M. Faber’s Sketches of the 
Internal State of France (between the years 1807 and 1811), 
printed at Peterfburgh, we lhall feleift fome paffages which 
wiil convey an idea of the courfe of inItruCtion which 
was purfued at thofe Lyceums, and of the ftrefs laid on 
thofe habits of military lubordination which were always 
uppermoft in Bonaparte’s mind : “ Latin and mathema¬ 
tics are the main objects of the Lyceums. For each of 
the two branches of inftruction there are fix claffes, under 
the fuperintendance of three profeffors, each of whom 
gives inltruftion in arithmetic as well as Latin. In the 
fourth clafs, the Latin profeffor teaches geography ; in the 
third, the elements of chronology and ancient hiftory ; 
in the fecond, thofe of mythology ; in the firft, hiftory,, 
and the geography and hiftory of France. No pupil is 
admitted into the mathematical clafs, till he has paffed the 
fifth Latin form. Two committees, one for Latin, the 
other for the mathematics, directed the printing of fuch 
clafs-books as they confidered to be adapted to the fyltem. 
There are as many volumes as claffes, arranged in luch a 
manner, that each volume, for Latin as well as for the 
mathematics, comprehends what a profeffor is to go through- 
with one clafs; and no profeffor muff,, upon any pretext 
whatever; prefume to teach from any other book. Be- 
fides a writing, drawing, and dancing, mailer, there is a 
military initruCtor, whole bufinefsit is to teach all the pu¬ 
pils above twelve years old their exercile; thole who have 
attained that age lie inltruCts in the ufe of arms, and in 
military manoeuvres ; and he attends all their leflbns, to 
command the marches of the pupils in the various move¬ 
ments of the day. The lcholars are divided into com¬ 
panies; for their meals, private ftudy, Ichool-hours, re¬ 
creations, prayers, church, and bed-time, the, iignal is 
given by beat of drum. [Here we are reminded of our 
military afylum at Chelfea.J They rife at half-palt five, 
and on Sundays and holidays at fix : prayers, itudies, and 
all their exerciles, take place at one and the fame time,, 
and in common. The pupils are not allowed to go out 
ot the Lyceum but by pemiiflion of the director, who 
fends fome perfon with them ; none . of them mult ileep ■ 
out of the feminary. They mult not have any correi-- 
pondence except with their parents, or perfons authorifed 
by their parents in their Head. All letters which they 
write and receive pals through the hands of the cenlor. 
The.acceis to the Lyceums is prohibited to all perfons of 
the other fex ; the mothers, filters, and female relatives 
of the pupils, are not allowed to enter without the per- 
million of the director. The boys mult not even pull off 
their coats in their hours of recreation w ithout leave front 
the cenfor. Each Lyceum may have a library of-fifteen 
hundred volumes ; all.thefe libraries muff be compoled of 
the fame works, and no book mult be placed in it unlei's 
by the authority of the minilierof the interior.” 
Lyceums 
