812 
L Y C 
feet long. The lower leaves are more than four inches 
long and three broad in the middle ; they are of a light 
green and a thin confidence, placed without order on every 
tide the branches. As the (hoots advance in length, the 
leaves diminifh in fize,and towards the upper part they are 
not more than an inch long, and a quarter of an inch broad ; 
they fit clofe to the (talks on every fide. The flowers come 
out fingly at every joint towards the upper part of the 
branches, on (hort (lender peduncles ; they are of a pale 
colour, u ith fhort tubes ; the brims are fpread open broader 
than either of the former forts, and the ftyle is confider- 
ably longer than the tube of the corolla. It flowers in 
Auguft, September, and October; and retains its leaves 
till November. It is a native of China, whence the feeds 
were brought to England a few years before 1759; aiu i> 
being railed in feverai gardens, by fotne were thought to 
be Thea, or tea-tree. The Chinefe ufe a decodtion in 
wine, or an infulion in water; of the berries, as a tonic, 
analeptic, and cephalic. 
- 9. Lycittm Europteum, or European box-thorn : thor¬ 
ny ; leaves oblique; branches flexuofe, round. This 
differs from L. barbarum in being able to (land up¬ 
right without afliflance ; in having the leaves, though 
lanceolate as in that, not flat, but oblique or flexuofe ; the 
branchlets flexuofe, not rendered angular by a line running 
down from the petiole ; the furface not fmcoth, but fub- 
tomentofe; and, finally, fpines from every bud. It differs 
from L. afrum in having lanceolate leaves, and round 
flexuofe branchlets. Native of the fouth of Europe ; as 
Spain, Portugal, and the fouth of France, obferved by Clu- 
flus ; and by Ray about Montpelier and Florence, flower¬ 
ing both in March and autumn. Clufius fays they eat the 
tender (hoots in Spain, with oil and vinegar; and Micheli, 
that it is ufed for hedges in Tufcany, where they call it 
Spina da corone di crocifjji ; fuppofing it, in common with 
feverai other prickly Hi rubs, to be that which afforded the 
crown of thorns to our Saviour before his crucifixion. It 
was introduced in 1780, by Peter Simon Pallas, M. D. 
10. Lycium Tataricum, or Tartarian box-thorn: thor¬ 
ny ; leaves linear, fafcicled ; branches lupine. This is an 
elegant flirub, on account of the whitenefs of the branches, 
rods, or twigs, which are many, a foot or eighteen inches 
long or more, branched, afeending. Spines alternate, 
awl-fhaped, rigid, fpreading, white or yellowifh, furround- 
ed with leaves and flowers at the bafe. Flowers from the 
upper part of the twigs among the leaves, two or three to 
each fpine, on fhort peduncles. It differs from L. Eu- 
ropseum, to which it bears great affinity, in fize, and both 
the colour and form of the flower. Native of Tartary 
about the Volga ; in the del'erts of Turcoinannia and 
Hyrcania, efpecially in fandy foils replete with nitre. 
When out of flower, it bears great refemblance to Nitra- 
ria, except that it is more thorny. Gnielin oblerved a 
dwarf and very-thorny variety in the fands near the Caf- 
pian Sea. 
11. Lycium capfulare, or capfular box-thorn: thorny; 
leaves lanceolate, thin, finooth ; peduncles and calyxes 
pubefeent; pericarps capfular. This is faid by Linnaeus 
to be a native of Mexico, on the authority of Miller; but 
we do not find it among his fpecies. 
12. Lycium cinereum, or grey-barked box-thorn : 
thorny; leaves lanceolate, f’mooth ; branches fpinefeent; 
peduncles very fhort. Native of the Cape. 
13. Lycium horridum, or i'ucculent-leaved box-thorn : 
thorny ; leaves obovate, flelliy, finooth ; branches nu¬ 
merous, ending in a fpine. Flowers white, on very fhort 
(talks. Grows in maritime fituations at the Cape, flow¬ 
ering from September to November. The item is three 
feet high, rigid, abounding with (hort fpinous branches in 
every direftion. Leaves from three to feven in a clufter, 
not half an inch long, feffile, thick, finooth ; flattifh and 
green above ; convex, white, and marked with a green 
line, beneath. Flowers folitary, final 1 , on fhort ftalks. 
14 Lycium Cochin-chinenfe, or Cochin-china box- 
thorn : unarmed 3 leaves oblong, blunt; cymes termi- 
L V & 
jiating. This flirub is four feet high, almoft Up right, 
branched. Flowers white, in peduncled cymes. Native 
of Cochin-china, in woods/ 
15. Lycium Carolinianum, or Carolina box-thorns 
leaves fpatulate-oblong ; branches without fpines ; flow¬ 
ers four-cleft. Native of the rufliy falt-marfhes of Caro¬ 
lina, Georgia, and Florida; (aid to have been brought to 
England in 1806. The Item is fhrubby ; leaves narrow; 
flowers bluifh, four-cleft, with four ftamens. Michaux. 
Propagation and Culture. Moft of thefe plants may be 
increased by feeds, cuttings, or layers. If by feeds, they 
fiiould be flown in the autumn foon after they are ripe ; 
for, if they are kept out of the ground till fpring, they 
feldom come up the firfl year. If the feeds are fown in 
pots, the pots fhould be plunged into fome old tan in the 
winter, and in very fevere froit covered with peafe-hauhn 
or ftraw ; but in mild weather fhould be open to receive 
the wet : ill the fpring the pots fhould be plunged into 
a moderate hot-bed, which will foon bring up the plants ; 
thefe mull be inured to bear the open air as foon as the 
danger of fro ft is over ; and, when they are three inches 
high, they maybe fhaken out of the pots, and each plant¬ 
ed in a iinall fleparate pot, filled with loamy earth, and 
placed in the (hade till they have taken new root, when 
they may be removed to a fheltered fituation, where they 
may remain till the autumn; then they fhould be either 
removed into the green-houfe, or placed under a hot-bed 
frame to fhelter them from hard froft; for, thefe plants 
being too tender to live in the open air in England, they 
muft be kept in pots and treated in the fame way as myr¬ 
tles, as other hardy green-houfe plants; but, when th# 
plants are grown flrong, there may be a few of them 
planted in the full ground in a warm fituation, where 
they will live in moderate winters,but in hard frofts they 
are commonly deftroyed. If the cuttings of thefe plants 
are planted in a fhady border in July, and duly watered,, 
they will take root, and may then be treated in the fame 
way as the fleedling plants. This is the common mode 
of increafing them ; for fome never produce feeds in Eng¬ 
land. Several of thefe flirubs from China and the Cape 
will bear the open air in a warm fituation and dry foil*, 
when they have once acquired ftrength ; except in very 
fevere winters; efpecially if the roots be covered with 
litter, and the branches with mats. See Arduina, Bar- 
leria, Berberis, Carissa, Ceanothus, Celastrus, 
Gmelina, Randia, Rhamnus, and Sideroxylon. 
LY'CIUS, an epithet given to Apollo from his temple 
in Lycia, where he gave oracles; particularly at Patara, 
where the appellation of Lycia fortes was given to his an- 
fwers, and even to the will of the Fates. Virg. An. 
LYCKfi See Lick, vol. xii. p. 622. 
LYCOCTO'NUM, f. in botany. See Aconitum, 
LYCODON'TES. See Bufonitis, vol. iii. p.493. 
LYCOGA'LA, f. in botany, [fo named by Micheli, 
from Xvy.og, a wolf, and ycc 7 .cc, milk.] A genus of the fun¬ 
gus tribe, whofe internal appearance and fubftance, in an 
early (rate, are like amafs of thick cream. It is included by 
Linnaeus, Schreber,and others, under Mucor, which fee. 
LYCOi'DES,/. A term ufed by medical writers to ex- 
prefs the difbrders which arife in the human body by a 
long retention of the feed. Thefe are fometimes madnefs, 
and very often dangerous quinfies and fwellings, and in¬ 
flammations about the neck and throat. If we confide/ 
tlie natural tendency of the difbrders of this kind to af- 
febl the neck, and the remarkable (welling of the necks 
of bucks, and fome other animals, at rutting-time, it 
may give fame rational hints towards under handing the 
alteration of the voice in boys who arrive at puoerty. 
Elancard derives the word from Avxo;, a wolf, and sihc, 
form, from a fuppofition that wolves are fubjeCt to tliij 
dilorder. 
LYCOME'DES, in fabulous hillory, a king of Scyros, 
an ifland in the ABgean lea. He was fon of Apollo and 
Parthenope. He was fecretly intruded with the care of 
young Achilles, whom his mother Thetis had difguifed 
in 
