■830 L Y\N 
rooms which grow on thofe forts ofdones, and are ufually 
called fungi lyncurii, have the property of diffolving and 
breaking the done of the kidneys and bladder; and that, 
for this purpof'ey nothing more is required than to dry 
them in the (bade, and, being reduced to powder, to make 
the patient, fading, take a fufficient quantity of this pow¬ 
der in a glafs of white wine, which will fo cleanfe the ex¬ 
cretory duffs of the urine, that no (tones 'will ever after 
be coliedted in them. As to the form of thofe mudirooms, 
their root is fiony, uneven, divided according to its longi¬ 
tudinal direction, and compofed of fibres as fine as hairs, in¬ 
terwoven or.e with another. Their form, on firll (hooting 
out, refembles afmall bladder, fcarcely then larger than the 
bud of a vine ; and, if in this (late they arefqueezed between 
the fingers, an aqueous fubacid liquor ilfues out. When 
they are at their full growth, their pedicle is of a finger’s 
length, larger at top than at bottom, and becomes infen- 
fibiy (lenderer in proportion as it is nearer the earth. 
LYN'CUS, LynCj'e'us, or Lynx, a cruel king of Scy¬ 
thia; or, according to others, of Sicily. He received, with 
feigned hofpitality,Triptolemus, whom Ceres had fent all 
over the world to teach mankind agriculture; and, as he was 
jealous of his commiffion, he relolved to murder this fa¬ 
vorite of the gods in his deep. As he was going to give 
the deadly blow to Triptolemus, he was fuddenly changed 
into a lynx, an animal which is the emblem of perfidy and 
ingratitude. Ovid. 
LYN'CUS, a town of Macedonia, of which the inha- 
tants were called Lynceffas. Pliny. 
LYN'DALS, a river of Norway, which runs into the 
fea ten miles north-north-well of Chriftianfand. 
LYN'DEBOROUGH, a townffiip of North America, 
in HilKborough county, New Hampdiire, about feventy 
miles from Portfmouth ; incorporated in 1764, and con¬ 
taining 976 inhabitants. 
LYN'DEL, a village near Cartmel in Lancafliire. 
LYN'DHURST, a village in the parifh of Minded, in 
the New Fored of Hampdiire, fituated nine miles from 
Southampton and eighty-fix from London, nearly in the 
centre of the New Forelt, of which it has been, from the 
formation of the fored, confidered as a fort of capi¬ 
tal ; and here was exercifed the jurifdidtion of the chief 
jultice in eyre for this fored, fo long as he continued 
to exercife it, of which there are no traces fubfequent 
to the reign of Charles II. All the fored-courts under 
the verderors are dill held here ; as well as thofe of attach¬ 
ment, &c. and the fwanimote; the former are held on fuch 
days as the prefiding judges appoint, three times in a year; 
the latter on the 14th of September annually. See the ar¬ 
ticle Forest, vol. vii. p. 566. The king’s houfe in this 
village, though but an indifferent refidence, is occupied 
by the lord warden whenever he vifits the Fored. The 
late duke of Gloucelter was lord-warden; and, Lynd- 
hurd being fituated about midway between Windfor and 
Weymouth, his majeiiy George III. &c. in his vifit to the 
latter place, took up a fliort refidence here in June 1789. 
An ancient ftirrup is preierved here, faia to have been worn 
by Willian Rufus at the time he was (hot by fir Walter 
Tyrrell. The king’s dables are very large, and were pro¬ 
bably confidered as magnificent when fird eredted, which 
appears to have been about the time Charles II. From the 
Isotel at Lyndhurlt, which is newly built, and fitted up 
with every convenience, is a fine view of the fea, and of 
the Needle rocks at the welt end of the Ide of Wight. 
About one mile wed of Lyndhurft is Cuffnells, the 
feat of the right honourable ,George Rofe, who has been 
here honoured with two vifits from their majelties and the 
royal family, in the years 1801 and 1804. 
What is now called the New Fored is a tradt of at lead 
forty miles in compafs, which had many populous towns 
and villages, till (as is faid) it was dedroyed and turned 
into a fored by William the Conqueror. But Mr. War¬ 
ner (Topographical Remarks on Hampdiire) is of opinion 
with Voltaire and Warton, that the monkifli accounts of 
l Y N 
its formation are greatly exaggerated. We believe that 
they are; and we are not much difinclined to fall in with 
W.’s conclufions : namely, “ id, That, in times pre¬ 
vious to the reign of William, the trad! of country, now 
denominated New Fored, was a derile and ivoody didricf, 
with a few fpots, here and there, of the rude tillage of 
that age. adly. That William fixed on this corner of 
Hampshire as a fpot proper for hunting; and converted, 
accordingly, a large portion of it into a fored. 3diy, That 
the afForedation was made without much injury to the 
fubjedt, or offence to religion.” Our author, however, al¬ 
lows that it was a defpotic ad; but, in thofe days, what 
king, was not a defpot ? Overcharged as the crime of 
William in making his great fored may have been by 
his irritated enemies the monks, yet his injudice and cru¬ 
elty in forming his fored-laws admit of no apology nor ex¬ 
tenuation. It is when beheld in this character, that he 
appears the fanguinary and vindictive tyrant; opprelfing 
his peoj)Ie,perverting judice, and trampling upon the mod 
facred rights of man. The inditutions which he framed 
for the correction of offenders in hunting, breathe afpirit 
of refiued cruelty, only to be equalled by the feverity with- 
whichthey were enforced. Confifcation of goods, lols of 
liberty, and mutilation of perfon, form the fearful lift 
of punifhments which awaited thofe who had dared to 
infringe on the fports of royalty. Well might an early 
author, (Matthew Paris,) when adverting to this fangui¬ 
nary code, exclaim—“ Dreadful are the diftreffes of that 
land, w hole monarch is the careful preferver of noxious ani¬ 
mals, and the unmerciful deftroyer of his own fubjeCts.” 
The following correCt particulars refpeCting the New 
Fored: are copied from Wilkes’s Britilh Directory, now 
become a fcarce book.—There are nine walks in it ; and 
to every one a keeper, under the lord warden, befides two 
rangers and a bow-bearer. As this large trad lay many 
ages open and expofed to invafions from foreigners, king 
Henry VIII. built fome cadles in it; and it has now feve- 
ral pretty towns and villages. It is fituated in that part 
of Hampdiire which is bounded on the ead by Southamp¬ 
ton Raver, and on the fouth by the Britilh Channel. It 
poffeffes advantages of fituation, with refpeCl to the conve¬ 
nience of water-carriage and nearnefs to the dock-yards, 
fuperior to every other fored, having in its neighbourhood 
feveral ports, and places of dielter for (hipping timber, 
among which Lymington is at the didance of only two 
miles, Bewley about half a mile, and Redbridge three or 
four miles, from the Fored; and the navigation to Portf- 
niouth, the mod confiderable dock-yard in the kingdom, 
is only about thirty miles from theneared of thofe places. 
This is the only fored belonging to the crowfi of which 
the origin is known. Doomfday hook contains the molt 
diftindt account of its afForedation by William the Con¬ 
queror ; the contents of every field, farm, or eftate, af- 
foreded, in hides, carucates, or virgates, by which the ex¬ 
tent of land was then computed, together with the names 
of the hundreds and villages, and of the former proprie¬ 
tors (which are for the molt part Saxon), the rent or yearly 
value of each pofleffion, and the tax which had been paid 
for it to the crown during the reign of Edward the Con- 
fefior before the inhabitants were expelled and that part 
part of the country laid wade, are all to be found in that 
mod curious and venerable record. Wifliing to difcover 
the original extent of the forelt, we extracted for our own 
information all that relates to it in that ancient furvey. 
The extract is by far too voluminous to beinferted. The 
names of many of the places having been changed fince 
that time, it is difficult to afcertain with precifion what 
were then the limits of the fored. The oldeft perambu¬ 
lation we have met with is among the Pleas of the Fored, 
in the eighth year of king Edward I. preferved in the chap- 
ter-houle at Wedminlter. The boundaries there defcribed 
include all the country from Southampton-river on the 
ead, to the Avon on the wed, following the fea-coaft 
as far as 'the fouthem boundary between thofe rivers, 
3 and 
