844 L Y S I M 
The city, or rather the temple wherein Judas was (hut 
up, was very much firaitened ; for, as this was the feventh 
year, there was a great want of provifion. It happened, 
however, that, juft at this time, Philip, who had been left 
regent of the kingdom by Epiphanes, came into Syria 
to aftume the government. Lyfias, upon receiving this 
intelligence, made propofitions of peace to the Jews, which 
were accepted. Eupator and Lyfias entered Jerufalem, 
honoured the temple, and promifed the Jews that they 
thould be permitted to live according to their own laws. 
But they falfified their word by demolithing the wall which 
fee tired the temple from being commanded by the citadel, 
which was in poffeflion of the Syrians. They afterwards 
retired in hafte to Antioch, where Philip had fortified 
himfelf; but they attacked him, took the city, and killed 
him. The next year Demetrius, fon of Seleucus king 
of Syria, to whom the kingdom of right belonged, being 
returned from Rome, (where he had remained an hoftage 
ever fince the death of the king his father,) came into 
Syria, and was received at Tripolis, a city of Phoenicia; 
having collected fome troops, he marched direct to An¬ 
tioch, entered the city, and feized young Eupator and 
Lyfias,and killed them. Such was the end of Lyfias, who 
had governed the kingdom of Syria about five years. 
LYSIMA'CHI A,y. [a very ancient generic name, and 
fo called, according to Pliny and Ambrofinus, from l.yfi- 
machus, a favourite general of Alexander the Great, who 
was afterwards king of Thrace. The F.nglifh name of this 
plant, Icofejlrife, is evidently taken from Avert? tra.yr&i a 
diffolution of ltrife, or a peacemaker; but bow this title 
could apply to the king on whom it was bellowed, and 
who appears to have been of a cruel and ferocious temper, 
we are "at a lofs to imagine, unlefs it were like the ludi¬ 
crous derivation of lucus, a grove, a non lucendo, from its 
darknefs.] In botany, a g*enus of the clafs pentandria, 
order monogynia, natural order of rotace®, (lyfimachi®, 
JitJf.) The generic characters are—Calyx : perianthium 
five-parted, acute, ere 61 , permanent. Corolla : one-pe- 
talled, vvheel-fiiaped ; tube none ; border five-parted, flat; 
divifions ovate-oblong. Stamina: filaments five, awl- 
ihaped, oppofite to the divifions of the corolla ; anther® 
acuminate. Piltillum : germ roundifh; Ityle filiform, the 
-length of the itamens ; lligma obtufe. Pei icarpium : capfule 
globular, mucronate, one-celled, ten-valved (five-vaived, 
Gartner.) Seeds: very many, angular; receptacle globu¬ 
lar, very large, dotted.— EJfentialCharaPler. Corolla wheel- 
fhaped ; capfule globular, mucronate, ten-valved, (five- 
valved ; receptacle free ; feeds with a ventral navel oppo¬ 
fite to the embryo, Gartner.) 
Species. I. With many-flowered peduncles, i. Lyfi- 
juachia vulgaris, or common loofeftrife: panicled; ra¬ 
cemes terminating. Root perennial, creeping. Stem three 
feet or more iri height : when the leaves grow in pairs, ob- 
tufely four-cornered; when three together, grooved or 
angular, angles obtufe : the upper part of the (talk nightly 
hairy, the lower finooth, branched, and a little thickened 
at the joints. Flowers in terminating axillary racemes, 
all together forming a panicle. Peduncles fomewhat vif- 
cid, thickened at top ; corolla yellow. Though the na¬ 
tural number of divifions in this and the calyx be five, 
yet fometimes they are fix. Filaments unequal, fhorter 
than the corolla, vifcid, broad, united at the bafe into a 
cylinder inclofing the germ. Anther® incumbent, fub- 
fagittate. Style elongated as the flowers go off. Seeds 
numerous, very minute. Scopoli remarks, that the co. 
rolla has glands on very fliort pedicels fcattered over it; 
that the filaments are alfo glandular, except the tips; that 
one ftamen is longer than the reft, and the contrary; that 
the anther® are blunt, and have a red feptum ; that the 
germ is glandular, the ftyle thinner at the bafe, and the 
lligma not thicker than the ftyle. Native of moll parts cf 
Europe, on the banks of ftreams, and in marftiy mea¬ 
dows ; flowering from the end of June to September. 
Miller fays it has the Englilh name loofejlrife , from the 
quality afcribed to it by the ancients of quieting oxen 
A C H I A. 
when put upon their yokes; fo Lyfimachia, ecrs rov Xv.w 
'rnv peeyjnv, from diffolving ftrife ; it is alfo called willow, 
kerb , from the thape of the leaves; in German it is gelbc 
weiderick, gemeine lyfimachie, and effwurzel ; in Dutch, gc. 
meene weiderick, groote geele weiderick-, in Danifh, fredlos, 
bajlart dueurt, &c. in French, lifimaque vulgaire, Corneille . 
chajfe-bojfe, and perce-bojfe. 
z. Lyfimachia ephemerum, or willow-leaved loofeftrife : 
racemes terminating; petals obovate, fpreading ; leaves 
linear-lanceolate, fefiile. Root perennial. Stems feveral, 
upright, more than three feet high. Leaves narrow, 
Imooth ; and at the bafe of thefe come out fhort fide- 
branches, with fmaller leaves of the fame fhape. The 
flowers are produced in a long clofe upright fpike, at the 
top of the (talk ; corolla white; ftamens longer than the 
corolla. It is very dillincl from the fourth fort by its fize 
five-valved capfules, and white flowers. D’Affo, taking 
it to be different from L. ephemerum, named it L. Otani, 
from Francis Otano, who firft detected it in Arragon! 
The leaves however of our plant are dotted. Native of 
Spain. Cultivated in 1731, by Mr. Miller. It flowers 
from July to September. 
3. Lyfimachia ftrifta, or upright loofeftrife: racemes 
terminating; petals lanceolate, fpreading ; leavt.* lanceo¬ 
late, fefiile. Stem ereft, four-cornered, fmooth. Leaves 
quite entire, acute, fmooth, dotted. Divifions of the ca¬ 
lyx lanceolate, fmooth, dotted with red ; petals three 
times as long as the calyx, yellow with red ftripes and 
dots, and two dark-red fpots ; ftamens ftiorter than the 
corolla. Native of North America, in fwatnpy ground. 
Introduced in 1781, by Mr. William Curtis, from Mr, 
Robert Squibb, then at New York. It flowers in July 
and Auguft. After flowering, it throws out bulbs front 
the axils, which, falling off in Oftober, produce young 
plants the enfuing fpring. 
4. Lyfimachia dubia, or purple-flowered loofeftrife: 
racemes terminating, petals converging, ftamens fhorter 
than the corolla, leaves lanceolate, petioled. This is a 
plant too tender for the open air of this country. It 
agrees with the fecond in habit, ftrufture, and glaucous 
colour, but the leaves are not dotted. The petals are 
acuminate, a little longer than the calyx, converging, and 
deep red .; the ftamens longer than the corolla, with brown 
anther®; and the flowers fefiile in a fpike. They are how¬ 
ever very nearly allied. Native of the Levant. Cultivated 
in 1759 by Mr. Miller. It flowers in July and Au°-uft. 
5. Lyfimachia thyrfiflora, or tufted loofeftrife : racemes 
lateral, peduncled. Root perennial, creeping and fpread¬ 
ing in the mud, bearded with long fibres. Stems in tufts, 
porous, jointed, round, fmooth, upright, hardly a foot 
high in general, but fometimes near a foot and a half; 
not branched, except that the flowers come out on lateral 
thyrfes from the axils, towards the top; which Linnteus 
mentions as a Angular circumftance in an upright plant. 
Leaves linear-lanceolate, marked with many black dots, 
fefiile or half-embracing the ftem, flightly pubefcent be¬ 
neath, acute, quite entire, about three inches long, and 
more than half an inch broad towards the bafe, many to¬ 
gether at the top of the ftem. Flowers in oppofite axillary 
cylindrical thyrfes or racemes, on peduncles an inch in 
length ; corolla fmall, yellow ; ftamens much longer than 
the corolla; the number of thefe, and of fegrnents both 
in the calyx and corolla, varies from five to eight. Na¬ 
tive of many parts of Europe, in bogs, marfhes, ponds, 
ditches, and banks of rivers. In England not common ; as 
near King’s Langley, in Hertfordfhire ; and in Anglefea. 
In Ireland, along the banks of the river Ballynahinch, 
above the bridge; found by Mr. John Templeton, of 
Orange Grove, near Belfaft. Mr. Dodfworth and others 
found it in Yorkfhire; but it feems now to bedoft there. 
II. With one-flowered peduncles. 6. Lyfimachia qua- 
drifolia, or four-leaved loofeftrife: leaves in fours; pe¬ 
duncles in fours, one-flowered. Leaves ovate, acute. 
Flowers yellow. Native of Virginia. 
7. Lyfimachia punctata, or dotted loofeftrife : leaves in 
fours. 
