HINDOOSTAN. 
'amounted to thirteen thoufand only. When Ibrahim had 
advanced fufficiently near, Baber ordered five thoufand 
horle to attack the Indian camp in the night; but, find¬ 
ing the enemy upon their guard, this detachment returned 
without effecting any thing. But their retreat haftened 
Ibrahim to action ; and he marched next morning to Pan- 
niput. Baber, at the fame time, advanced within twelve 
miles of Ibrahim’s new encampment. Upon the day after, 
which was the firlt of May, 1525, the two armies came in 
fight of each other, and immediately engaged. Baber di¬ 
vided his troops into two lines, and four grand divifions, 
with a body of referve in the rear of each, and a few light- 
horfe to fldrmifh in front; where he alio placed his artil¬ 
lery, ordering chains to be fixed fo as to link the carriages 
of his guns together, to prevent the enemy’s horfe from 
advancing between them. The firlt divifion on the right 
was commanded by Baber’s fon, prince Humaioon. The. 
firlt on the left was under the orders of his coufin Mo¬ 
hammed. The fecond on the right, towards the centre, 
was commanded by a general named Timur. The fecond 
to the. left, towards the centre, by the chief Chalifa. There 
Was a referve in the rear of both lines; that on the right 
being commanded by Cafim, and that on the left by Ali. 
Baber himfelf took his poll; in the centre of the firlt line, 
after having perfonally harangued his officers and men. 
The fultan Ibrahim obferved no judicious order of bat¬ 
tle, but drew up his forces in one great line of unequal 
depth, and ordered them to charge the Mogul army, vain¬ 
ly imagining that he could bear them down with his fu- 
perior numbers. But he found himfelf fatally deceived. So 
formidable were the Moguls to the Patans, from their known 
courage and ffeady order, that the. emperor’s unwieldly co¬ 
lumn began to break before they came up to the charge, 
which was chiefly directed againit the fultan of the Mogul 
army, for the purpofe of feizing Baber. Thofe who advanced 
were either killed or repulfed; and, when they fought to 
retreat, they found themfelves furrounded; for the two 
bodies of referve, in the rear of the Mogul line, had 
wheeled round their flanks, cut them off, and^meeting in 
the centre, fell upon the rear of thofe who had fled from 
the charge, by which means the Patans were almoft entirely 
deftroyed. The referve, after performing this fervice, re¬ 
tired to their ftation in the rear; and the Mogul lines, ad¬ 
vancing, fuffained many and various charges from the 
Indian army, which they finally repulfed with great (laugh¬ 
ter. Ibrahim now, roufed with fliame and indignation, 
rallied the retreating troops; and, having in reierve the 
flower of his army, he gave fuch a violent (hock to the 
Mogul line, as threw it into great diforder. Nothing 
but perfonal bravery was left to decide the day; this, and 
the compact wedge in which the Mogul forces was formed, 
gave them at length the fuperiority over the Indians. Five 
thouland fell, with Ibrahim himfelf, in one fmall fpot of 
ground. The Patan army, when the fultan was (lain, fled 
towards the banks of the Jumna, dying the river with 
blood; for fo far did Baber continue his deftruftive pur- 
fuit; Jill, being wearied with (laughter, he gave hope to 
fear, and refpite to death. According to the mod mode¬ 
rate accounts, there were fixteen thoufand Patans killed 
in this action, though Come fay fifty thoufand. Of the 
!ofs of Baber we have no information ; conquerors think 
it policy to conceal the number of their (lain. Ibrahim, 
though he fell in the action, yet nobly fell: he performed 
wonderful exploits with his own Angle arm, and fet a 
notable example of courage and valour to his troops; but 
it was unfortunately too late—the victory was gone. He 
had reigned twenty years, and was not only brave, but 
poffeffed of great talents; whence it was his practice to 
refpeft and promote men of genius and ability. Molana 
Gheaus ul Dien, a celebrated Modem divine, much re- 
(pe<fted for his purity of life, was afked by Ibrahim, Which 
was the bed of all the various fefts of Illam? He replied, 
Suppofe a great monarch to be feated in a palace, with 
many gates leading to it, and through whichever you en- 
ler you fee the fultan, and can obtain admiffion to his 
35 
prefence. Your bufmefs is with the prince, not with thofe 
at his gate .—The fultan again alked him. Which, in his 
opinion, was the bed of all faiths ? He replied, That the 
befi man of every faith , in his idea, followed the bejl faith. 
Thele ingenious obfervations pleafed Ibrahim; and he 
conferred upon Molana many princely gifts. This fultan. 
was (lain in the year of the hegira 932, A. D. 1525. 
DYNASTY of MOGUL SOVEREIGNS in ’HINDOO - 
STAN. 
Baber, immediately after the battle, detached his ,fon 
Humaioon and three of his principal omrahs to Agra, 
before they could have time to recover from their coulter- 
nation, or remove theireffefls. He alfo Cent his coufin 
Mohammed and three other chiefs to Delhi, to take pof- 
feflion of that capital; while he himfelf covered their rear, 
and brought forward the weak and wounded troops, who- 
had differed fo leverely in the late bloody aflion." On the 
twelfth of Rigib he entered the city, where he afcended 
the throne, and ordered the chutba to he read in his name. 
Thus was a remote but lineal defcendant of the great 
Timour, a fugitive from his own country, and deferted 
by the principal part of the Tartar army, placed upon the 
throne of Delhi, near a hundred and thirty years after the 
acquiiition of it by that famous conqueror l After having 
furveyed the city, and viiited the tombs of the (hints and 
heroes, he fet out for Agra, where he arrived the twenty- 
fifth of the fame month, and immediately invefted the fort, 
which was in pofleffion of the former government, garri- 
foned by the troops of the.rajah of Gwalior, who had been, 
killed in the action. But fo much had the terror of the 
Mogul arms now taken pofleffion of every mind, that they’ 
immediately defired to capitulate, and lent to the new ful¬ 
tan, by way of ranfom, a diamond weighing two hundred 
and twenty-four ruttys, (196 carats,) which was formerly 
the property of the emperor Alla. 
Upon the twentieth of Rigib, Baber went into the trea- 
fury, which was very rich. He rei'erved not a Angle dinar 
for himfelf, but divided the whole among his omrahs and 
troops; the (hare of the former amounting to two lacks’ 
of rupees each; and thofe of others were proportionable 
to their rank and ltations. A part was lent to Cabul, to 
be divided among Baber’s fubjefrs in that city; befides 
prefents, which he lent to Samarcand, Chorafan, Mecca, 
Medina, and other holy places, in charity. This genero- 
fity, which bordered upon prodigality, fixed upon Baber 
the name of Collinder, “ one whole cuffom it is to keep 
nothing for to-morrow.” 
Baber had yet to ftruggle with the Patan and Afghan 
tribes, who had ever a great antipathy to the Mogul go¬ 
vernment. Even Mai, an Afghan chief, who had joined 
Baber, now deferted him, with all his adherents; while 
the inhabitants of the country .round Agra cut off his 
foraging parties, and rendered it very difficult for him to 
fupport his cavalry, or fupply his troops with provifions. 
I11 this fituation, Baber received an addrels from his chiefs, 
requelting him to return to Cabul; to which he replied. 
That a kingdom which had cpfl: him lo much hazard in 
acquiring, was not to be wrefted from him but by death 
alone. He at the fame time ilined a proclamation, that 
he w 7 as determined to abide his fate in India; but if any 
perfon was deiirous of returning to Cabul, preferring 
liifety to glory, and ignoble eafe to the manly toils and 
dangers of war, they might retire in peace, and leave him 
only thofe whofe valour would reflect honour on them- 
felves, and glory on their country. The omrahs, thus 
(harned by their prince, (hiking their breads, (wore never 
to forfake him. And, when it was known that Baber 
had determined not to leave Hindooftan, as his anceftor 
Timour had done, many omrahs, who were willing to be 
firft in favour, began to come over to him, which allured 
others to do the fame. 
But, while Baber was thus receiving the fubmiffion of 
..his new fubjefts in the capital, he was mortified with the 
intelligence that the Patan chiefs, with Mahmud, the fon 
of 
