57 
HIND 0,0 STAN. 
audience, and repeat portions of the Koran with a fweet- 
jaeffs which captivated the molt eloquent Arabians. He 
never milled the devotions of the latter part of the night;, 
and frequently employed the whole in prayer. In the early 
part of the evening, he had generally an alfembly of religi¬ 
ous and learned men. He himfelf related traditions, in the 
number of which he excelled, as well as in a knowledge of 
the holy laws. Thus, in his amiable qualities, he ftnftly 
copied the example of his iiluftrious father Aurungzebe.” 
The emperor Bahadur Shah Aulum left four fons. Je- 
Ivander Shah, the eldeft, was a weak man, devoted to plea- 
fure, who gave himfelf no trouble about ftate - affairs. 
Azeern Oolliaun, the fecond fon, was a prince of winning- 
manners. Aurungzebe had always purfued the policy of 
encouraging his grandfons, and employing them in pub¬ 
lic affairs. To the latter he had given the viceroyalty or 
government of the three provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and 
Oriffa, where he had accumulated a rich treafure, and 
formed a confiderable army. Ruffeh Oolliaun, who had 
been made the private companion of his father, was a 
prince of quick parts, a great proficient in learning, a line 
writer, and of much knowledge in the law; but at the 
fame time addicted to pkafure, and paid no attention to 
public' affairs. Jehan Shah, the youngeft, had the greatell 
lhare of all the princes in the management of public af¬ 
fairs, and had formed the clofelt friendlhip and connection 
with Monauim Khan, the vizier. 
Immediately on the death of Bahadur Shah Aulum, 
his fecond fon, Azeem Oolhaun, claimed the lovereignty; 
which gave fufpicion that he had fome concern in the 
-death of his father. The imperial camp was fo difpofed, 
that the tents of the deceafed emperor were pitched along 
one bank of the Rawee, and on the other oppofite, thoie 
of the prince Azeem Oolhaun, at a confiderable dillance 
from Lahore. The three other princes were encamped 
nearer to it; but Jehander Shah almoft clofe to the walls, 
and the greatelt part of his train occupied the houfes of 
the neareft flreets. The influence and riches of Azeem 
Oolhaun had long railed the enmity and jealoufy of his 
brethren; who now, for their general fafety, formed a 
compaft to fupport each other. The emir ul omrah had 
been difgufted with Azeem Oolhaun, for preferring to 
himfelf the khan khanan ; from which time he had courted 
alternately Ruffeli Oolliaun, and Jehan Shah. On this oc- 
calion, he fvvore to affift the three brothers in effecting the 
deltruction of Azeem Oolliaun, and make an equal divi- 
fion of the empire and royal treafures among them. 
Azeem Oolhaun had already the command of the im¬ 
perial camp, and had formed a public court and levee for 
the nobility. Moll of the omrahs had joined him, with 
their followers; alfo the royal artillery. He had, befides, 
a very confiderable army in his own pay, which he had 
brought with him from Bengal; fo that his brothers, 
though all leagued againft him, would have formed but a 
weak enemy, if he had immediately attacked them. But 
he aCled otherwife: he encamped on the plain, keeping 
the river in his rear, and began to throw up works to 
defend himfelf, inllead of proceeding to a general aClion. 
In the mean time the three brothers, by the advice of the 
emir ul omrah, drew all the artillery from the fort of 
Lahore, and encamped their united forces in one line, 
making the city their defence on their rear. When Azeem 
Oolhaun had intrenched himfelf, and the three brothers 
began their approaches on every fide, his conduCt became 
highly blameable. It appeared that the fuperior force 
dreaded the inferior; and that thofe who ought to be the 
befiegers were now the befieged. Thus Azeem Oofhaun’s 
army grew difpirited daily, while the enemy’s gained ar¬ 
dour every hour, at finding that profpeCt of luccefs, of 
which in the beginning they had almoft delpaired. In 
fhort, the whole camp began to be alamied, and even the 
boldeft officers to feel a dread of the ill confequences of 
being cooped up in unneceffary intrenchm'ents. 
On the fifth day, therefore, Azeem Oolliaun moved 
from his camp in order of battle; and his fon, the prince 
Vcl. X. No. 64.0. 
Mohammed Kerreem, though commander of the advanced 
corps, was detained with him, inllead of taking poll at 
the head of his divifton. Jehan Shah now moved Heartily, 
in flow order, towards Azeem Oolhaun, whofe terrified 
troops began to give way from around him. The mif- 
guided yet truly brave prince, when he faw this unfa¬ 
vourable turn to his affairs, though he might have laved 
himfelf by mounting a liorfe, and flying from the field, yet 
fcorned to owe his fecurity to difhonour, and would not 
move from his elephant, but advanced almoft alone to¬ 
wards Jehan Shah. While thus advancing, his elephant- 
driver was killed, and the few till then remaining with 
him deferted him to a man. He received many wounds 
from arrows and Ihot, till he lunk down fainting upon 
his feat; while his elephant, without a driver, and agitated 
with pain, ran furioully through the enemy, who purfued 
him in vain for fome hours, and during that time the un¬ 
fortunate prince died of fatigue and lofs'of blood. His 
fon Mohammed Kerreem, in the height of the confufion, 
threw himfelf from his elephant, and mounting a horfe,- 
efcaped from the battle; but only to fuller a worfe fate 
than dying in aftion. 
Of the termination of.this battle, the celebrated.Mogul 
poet and hiftorian Eradut Khan gives the following cu¬ 
rious defeription : “ At the beginning of the aftion, the 
three princes were drawn up nearly oppofite that part of 
the camp where I unfortunately had placed my family, in 
a wretched fquare, to which the enemy advanced Hill 
nearer, as the battle raged, and our troops began to fly. 
Mahabut Khan, Hummeed ul Dien, and other lords, had 
in the beginning fent their families acrofs the river to 
places of fafety, which precaution I was prevented from 
ufmg, by being attendant on Azeem Ooffiaun’s perfon in 
the line. The river was about a rocket’s flight from the 
fquare inclofure; and, upon the rout of our line, Khan 
Zummaun, my friend, advifed me, while the enemy’s 
troops were yet employed in fight, to conduct my women 
out of danger to the other fide; at the fame time offering 
me a boat he had ready for his own fecurity againft pur- 
fuit, and a guard of one hundred and fifty perlons, hit 
own followers. Accordingly I placed my wife and daugh¬ 
ter in two covered pallekees, with a fum fomewhat ex¬ 
ceeding four thoufand gold mhors, (about fix thoufand 
pounds lterling, reckoning the mhor at fixteen Sicca ru¬ 
pees,) a cafket of jewels, betel-plate of gold let with jewels, 
and other valuable ornaments belonging to my daughter, 
defigned for her marriage-portion, leaving clothes and 
every thing elfe to chance. As Providence decreed it, the 
women’s pallekees had juft arrived at a narrow inlet of 
water, when Azeem Oofhaun’s elephant, and Mohammed 
Kerreem’s, were running towards it, purfued by the ene¬ 
my. I was advanced a little in front to prepare the boat; 
wdien fuddenly one of my attendants cried out, “Where 
are you going ? Your honour is ruined !” I looked behind 
me, and law the enemy near my women; upon which, in 
a ftate of furious defpair, I haftened back with my grand- 
fon Meer Einaiut Oolla, as Khan Zummaun’s people could 
not reach me in time for my affiftance. We two had juft 
joined the women, when the rapacious Moguls had begun 
to plunder; upon which I leaped from my horfe, and, 
feizing my wife and daughter by each a hand, rufhed with 
them into the rivulet up to their wailts, and covered the 
reft of their perfons with a cloth, drawing my fword to 
defend them with my life from further infuit: and, luckily 
for my honour, their faces -were not feen by the eyes of a 
ftranger. The Moguls, more attentive to gain than flied- 
ding of blood, after plundering the pallekees and other 
carriages of every thing, even to the coarfeft outer cover¬ 
ings, rode off in fearch of other prey, without attacking 
me or my attendants, who were hid in different bufhes 
and hollows. When the alarm was over, and friends and 
enemies had palled by, I was joined by my fervants from 
their various fhelters, and, having replaced my women in 
the pallekees, returned to my late miferable dwelling, 
which had been alfo plundered, even to foot-cloths and 
Q carpets. 
