206 H i S 
so. Hiller teneus % brafly; lliells ftriate at the bafe, 
punctured at the tip. Inhabits Europe. 
21. Hiller detritus: black, Ihining; Ihells with four 
oblique Itrias at the' bafe, the tip dulky and punftured. 
Inhabits New Holland. 
22. Hiller picipes: oblong, black; flaells very Ihort; 
antennae and legs pitchy. Inhabits Germany. 
23. Hiller csefius: black; thorax with a tranfverfe 
groove: antennae ferruginous. Inhabits Germany. 
24.. Hiller apterus: body tawny, and without wings. 
Inhabits Italy. , 
HISTLT'A, in ancient geography, a city of Euboea, 
anciently called Talantia. It was near the promontory 
called Ceneum. Homer. 
HISTTE'OTIS, a country of Thelfaly, fituate below 
mount Olympus and mount Olfa, anciently called Doris, 
from Dorus the fon of Deucalion, and inhabited by the 
Pelalgi. The Pelafgi were driven from the country by 
the Cadmeans, and thefe laft were alfo difpoffefled by the 
Perrhtebeans, who gave to their newly-acquired polfelfions 
the name of Hiftiteotis, or Elliaeotis, from Eftisea, or Hif- 
tisea, a town of Euboea, which they had then lately de- 
ftroyed, and whofe inhabitants they had carried to Thef- 
faly with them. Strabo. —Alfo a fmall country of Euboea, 
of which Hiltisea, or Eftite, was the capital. 
HISTIODRO'MIA,/ [from lf w», Gr. a fail, and 0 
a courfe.] The art of navigation ; the art of failing. 
HIS'TO, a town of Spain, in New Caftile: twenty-two 
miles fouth-well of Cuenca. 
HISTORIAN, f. [hijloricus, Lat. hijlorien, Fr.] A wri¬ 
ter of fails and events ; a writer of hiltory.—There are 
four principal things eftential to conllitute a good hijlorian: 
the firll is, to be well inftructed in what he undertakes to 
relate ; the fecond, to be able, without any difguife, to fay 
what he thinks to be the truth; the third, to be capable 
of relating plainly and fatisfailorily what he knows ; the 
fourth, to be capable of judging of the events, and of 
thofe who occafion them. Le Clerc. 
HISTOR'IC, or Historical, adj. [ hijloriqne , Fr. hij- 
loricus, Lat.] Containing or giving an account of fails 
and events.—In an hijlorkal relation, we ufe tenns that 
are moll proper and belt known. Burnet. 
Here rifmg bold the patriot’s honell face; 
There warriors frowning in hijloric brafs. Pope. 
Suitable or pertaining to hillory or narrative : 
With equal juftice and hijloric care. 
Their laws, their toils, their arms, with his compare. Prior. 
HISTORICALLY, adv. In the manner of hillory ; by 
way of narration.-—The gofpels, which are weekly read, 
do all hijlorically declare fomething which our Lord Jefus 
Chrilt- liimfelf either fpoke, did, or fullered, in his own 
perfon. Hooker. 
HISTOR'ICE, f. [from hiJlory.~\ That part of grammar 
which explains the meaning of authors. Scott. 
To HISTOR'IFY, v. a. [from hijlory.~\ To relate ; to 
record in hillory.—The third age they term hitloricon ; 
that is, fuch wherein matters have been more truly hijlo- 
rified , and therefore may be believed. Brown. 
HISTORIOGRAPHER, f. [i^x and yt>a.Qio, Gr. 
hijtoriographe, Fr.] An hiltorian ; a writer of hiftoiy.—What 
poor ideas muff llrangers conceive of perfons famous 
among us, Ihould they form their notions of them from 
the writings of thofe our hijloriographers. Addifon. 
HISTORIOGRAPHY,/ [.;and y ? xpu, Gr.] The 
art or employment of the hiltorian. 
HISTORIOL'OGY, [ [wo^ia, Gr. hillory, and Aoyoj, 
a defcription.] The knowledge of hiltory ; the art of ex¬ 
plaining hiitorical falls. 
HISTORY, J. [iro|ia, Gr. hijloria, Lat. hifloire, Fr.] 
A narration of events and fafts delivered with dignity: 
Juftly Cxfar fcorns the poet’s lays ; 
It is to kijlory he trulls for praile. Pope. 
H I S 
Narration ; relation.—The hijlory part lay within a little 
room. Wifcman. 
What kiJlories i of toil could I declare ? 
But Hill long-wearied nature wants repair. Pope. 
The knowledge of facts and events..— Hijlory , fo far as ife 
relates to the affairs of the bible, is neceffary to divines. 
Watts. 
History, according to a very juft and celebrated de¬ 
finition of it, is “ phiiojophy teaching by example-," and the 
grand purpofe to be anfwered by dipping into the records 
of pall ages, is to learn how to avoid thofe errors which 
have heretofore proved injurious to human happinefs, and 
by what means the general welfare may be bell promoted 
and fecured. If hiltory be not written., and if it be not 
read, in this fpirit and intention, as well may the roman¬ 
tic tales of an Amadis or an Orlando be ftudied, as- the 
pages of the moll approved hiitorical writers, ancient or 
modern. The value of hiitorical refearch, however, is too 
well known and appreciated, not to be made the early 
objedl of acquirement, the moment a fecure foundation, 
can be laid on claftic ground, whereon the fuperllru&ure 
may be cemented by the powers of mind, and raifed to 
eftimation and durability. To minds thus prepared, H.Jlory 
will be found to open like a great and broad avenue, into 
fo many of the molt valuable branches of human learning, 
that fcarcely any train of lludy or reading can be purified 
without its aid, or accomplilhed without its fupport. We 
may add too, that the prelent enlarged and divided Hate 
of population of the globe, and the new relations and 
interelts created by commerce, have very much enlarged 
the fphere of hillory; befides that the times have recently 
been diftinguilhed by revolutions and changes of unufual 
magnitude, and of the Very higheft importance in the 
fcale of nations. 
As General Hillory necelfarily includes an inveftigation 
of the origin and progrefs of all nations, and indeed of 
the globe ltfelf, with all things created or contained there¬ 
on, it becomes diviftble into three grand departments, 
calied Civil, Ecclesiatical, and Natural, hillory. 
The firll department, or that ufually called Civil Hijlory, 
treats of the rife and fall of empires, and the progrefs of 
human fociety, in all ages of the world ; and this is di¬ 
vided into Ancient and Modern. Ancient hillory terminates 
with the fall of Rome; and modern hiltory commences 
with the empire of the Saracens. Both imply a nice dif- 
crimination of the eras of the time ; whence arifes Chro¬ 
nology. Thus in tracing a long fucceffion of ages, it 
becomes expedient to note luch eras as are diftinguilhed 
by fome great event, to which we may refer tranlaCnons 
of an inferior kind. This is called an epoch ; becaufe we 
may there Hop, as at a refting-place, and contemplate all 
that has happened both before and after; by which means 
anacronifm, or a confufion of times, is avoided; and for 
this reafon all hillory Ihould be read or ftudied in the 
ltrift order of chronology. The divifion of the globe into 
continents and countries, Hates and empires, land and fea ? 
forms likewife an interelling fource of information ariling 
out of this part of general hillory, and is called Geo¬ 
graphy. From this department too is colledled what is 
termed heroic or military hijlory ; which is often a difplay 
of thofe violent contentions between ambitious princes, 
which have paraliled the world a thoufand times more 
than all the awful concullions of nature, whether by vol¬ 
canos, earthquakes, tornados, or Itorms. 
The fecond grand department, called Ecclefiajlical Hijlory , 
comprehends what is termed Scripture hiltory, from the 
creation of the worid to the coming of the Meffiah; and 
hence the eftablilhment and progrels'of the Chriltian re¬ 
ligion, and the affairs of the church, from the days of the 
apoltles, to the prefent time. Out of thefe two branches 
of General Hiltory arife what has been termed perfonal 
hillory, or tranfaflions of illuftrious and learned peripn- 
ages in the various walks of human life ; this is diitin- 
guilhed by the name of Biography. 
