*18 
HOF 
the province of Kiang-nan. This is one of the richeft 
and moil commercial cities in the province; the air is 
mild and healthy; there are fome mines of gold, filver, 
and copper, in the neighbouring mountains; the belt tea 
^rows in the environs, and the japanned work of this town 
as reckoned equal or fuperior to any other: 625 miles 
fouth of Peking. Lat. 29. 57. N. Ion. 136. E. Ferro. 
HOE'I-TCHEOU, a city of China, of the firft rank, in 
the province of Quang-tong: 1010 miles fouth of Peking. 
Lat. 23.1. N. Ion. 131.45. E. Ferro. 
HOE'I-TONG, atown of China, of the third rank, in 
the province of Hou-quang: fifteen miles north of Tfin. 
HOE'I-TONG, a town of China, of the third rank, 
in the ifland of Hai-nan: forty-five miles fouth-fouth-eaft 
of Kiong-tcheou. 
HOE'I-YUEN, a town of China, of the third rani?, in 
the province of Chen-fi: twenty-two miles weft-north- 
weft of Kong-tchang. 
HOE'ING,/. The method or procefs of clearing ground 
by cutting up weeds or fuperfluous plants with a hoe. 
HCEMATO'PUS. See Hematopus. 
HO'EN, a town of China, of the third rank, in the 
province of Ho-nan, on the river Hoang: twelve miles 
fiouth-eaft of Hoai-king. 
HOEROMSK', a town of Norway, in the diocefe of 
Aggerhuus: fixteen miles fouth-fouth-weft of Chriftiania. 
HOESCHE'LIUS (David), an eminent Greek fcholar, 
born at Augfburg in 1556. He ftudied at the college of 
his native city, and at Lawingen, and greatly diftinguifhed 
himfelf by his proficiency in ancient learning. In 1589 
he was made librarian of the college of Augfburg, and in 
3 593, reClor of the college of St. Anne. He enriched the 
library with a great number of manufcripts, efpecially 
Greek, of which he publifhed a catalogue. He edited a 
great many Greek authors, to which he fupplied notes 
and obfervations, and fometimes tranflations. The repu¬ 
tation he acquired in the republic of letters, caufed him 
to be vifited by all learned llrangers, to whom he behaved 
with great politenefs. He died in 1617. 
HCESS'ERING, a town of Germany, in Lower Sax¬ 
ony, and principality of Luneburg Zell, fituated on the 
Hardan : twenty-two miles north-eaft of Zell. 
HO'EY-NIM-HOTUN, a town of the kingdom of 
Corea. Lat. 42. 38. N. Ion. 147.4. E. Ferro. 
HOF, a town of Norway, in the diocefe of Aggerhuus : 
thirty-fix miles north of Berga. 
HO'FERN, a town of Germany, in Aullria: fifteen 
miles north-north-weft of Windifgarten. 
HOFF, a town of Moravia, in the diftriCl of Olmutz: 
eighteen miles north-eaft of Olmutz, and fourteen fouth- 
weft of Troppau. 
HOFF, or Die Stadt zum Hoff, atown of Germany, 
in Franconia, on the Saale, which divides it into Old and 
New Town. It has three fauxbourgs, four churches, an 
academy, and a woollen manufacture. The Old Town 
was founded in the year 1080 ; the New Town in the 
thirteenth century, by the dukes of Meran. In the en¬ 
virons are found quarries of marble, red and black, and 
grey, in the latter are fometimes found red fpots like 
drops of blood. Hoff was formerly imperial: twenty- 
two miles north-north-eaft of Bareuth,and forty-fix north- 
eaft of Bamberg. Lat. 50. 14. N. Ion. 29.40. E. Ferro. 
HOFF'ELEIN, a town of Germany, in Auftria: three 
miles fouth-weft of Hardeck. 
HOFF'HEIM, a town of Germany, in Franconia, and 
bifhopric of Wurzburg: eight miles fouth-fouth-eaft of 
Konigftiofen, and thirty-fix north-eaft of Wurzburg. 
HOFF'KIRCHEN, a town of Germany, in Auftria: 
ten miles fouth of Aigen. 
HOFF'MAN (Daniel), a German Lutheran divine, who 
was fucceffor to Hefhufius in the theological chair at 
Helmftadt, in 1588. He rendered himielf famous, as the. 
head of a party which, about the year 1598, declared 
openly againft philofophy, and continued to oppofe it with 
the greateft violence. Adopting fome particular opinions 
HOF 
of Martin Luther, he maintained that philofophy was the 
mortal enemy of religion; that truth was divifible into 
two branches, the one philofophical, and the other theo¬ 
logical ; and that what was true in philofophy, was falfo 
in theology. Thefe tenets naturally alarmed the doctors 
of the univerfity, and excited a warm controverfy between 
Hoffman and his colleagues; a controverfy which was 
alfo carried on in other countries with the fame fervor.. 
The tumults which it excited in Germany were appealed 
by the interpofition of the duke of Brunfwick, who, after 
a careful enquiry into the nature of the debate, and con- 
fulting the profeffors of Roftock, commanded Hoffman 
to retraCl publicly the inveCtives which he had thrown 
out againft philofophy in his writings and academical 
leCtures, and to acknowledge, in the molt open manner, 
the harmony and union of found philofophy with true 
and genuine theology. That order was complied with in 
1601. His writings were entirely controverfial, and 
chiefly on the above fubjeCt. 
HOFF'MANN (Frederic), a celebrated phyfician, born 
at Halle, in Saxony, in 1660. He was of a family long 
diftinguifhed in medicine, and his father was a phyfician 
of repute. Frederic received his early education in the 
public fchool at Halle; and in his nineteenth year he 
went to the univerfity of Jena, where he purfued the 
ftudy of phyfic under G. Wolfgang Wedel. He pafled 
fome time at Erford, attending the chemical leClures of 
Gafp. Cramer; and, returning to Jena, he obtained the 
degree of M. D. in the beginning of 1681. In 1684 he 
vifited Holland and England, cultivating the acquaintance 
of men of fcience, particularly of Herman the botanift in 
the former, and Robert Boyle in the latter. Returning 
to the continent in 1686, he was appointed by Frederic- 
William, elector of Brandenburg, phyfician to the prin¬ 
cipality of Minden. In 1688, he accepted an invitation 
to fettle at Halberftadt, as public phyfician. At this 
period he publifhed a treadle De lnfufficientia Acidi (3 
Vi/cidi, by which he overthrew the theory of Corn. B011- 
tekoe. The univerfity of Halle being now eftabliflied by 
the firft king of Pruflia, Hoffman, in 1693, was nominated 
primary profeffor of medicine and natural philofophy. 
On this occafton he difplayed his piety as well as his 
learning by an oration, De Atheo ex artijiciqfijjima Corporis 
humani Fabrica convincendo, which was printed, and well 
received. As a colleague in the medical profeflorfliip he 
recommended the celebrated Stahl, who proved the great 
rival of his fame as a teacher. He attended very clofely 
to the duties of his ftation, and introduced into the 
univerfity a fpirit of free and enlarged enquiry, which 
greatly promoted the advancement of medical knowledge. 
A number of learned publications made him known 
throughout Europe, and gave him admiflion to the fci- 
entific focieties of Berlin, London, and Peterfburg. In 
1718 he began to publifh his Syjlema Medicina rationalis, 
which was received with great applaufe by the faculty in 
various parts of Europe. He alfo made collections of his 
moll remarkable cafes, and publifhed them in fucceffive 
fafciculi. Under the title of Medicina Confultatoria. He 
continued to attend to his academical functions, till his 
death in 1742,' at the age of eighty-two. His works 
were publifhed collectively, in fix volumes folio, from 
1748 to 1754. What moit peculiarly belongs to him as a 
theorilt, and has rendered him in fome meafure the 
founder of a new fchool, is his doClrine of (palm and 
atony. This he- has deduced from his maxim, “ that 
general pathology may be much more jullly and eafily 
explained from faults in the microcofmic motions of the 
folids, than from vicious affeClions of the humours ; and 
that all. kinds of internal difeafes may be reterred to 
preternatural affeClions of the nervous fyflem.” He thus 
called the attention of phyficians to the mod eflential 
part of the animal economy, and opened a door to much 
theoretical and practical improvement. 
HOFF'MANN (Maurice), an eminent phyfician, ana r 
tomift, and botanift, born in 1622, at Furftemwald in 
Brandenburg. 
