HOF 
Brandenburg. In 164.1, he went for improvement to 
Padua, where he particularly attended to anatomy and 
botany. In the former fcience he merits the title of an 
inventor, if the relation of Bartholine be true, that on 
diflefting a turkey he difcovered the pancreatic du6t, and 
fliowed it to the anatomift Wirfung, who afterwards 
found it in the human fubjeft, and gave it his own name. 
He went to Altdorf in 164.5, where he took the degree of 
doctor, and began to give leftures. In 1648 he obtained 
the extraordinary chair of anatomy and furgery, and in 
the following year he fucceeded Gafpar Hoffman as ordi¬ 
nary profeflor in thefe branches. He was the founder of 
the anatomical theatre at that univerftty. In 1653 he 
fucceeded Louis Jungerman in the botanical chair; and 
from his exertions a botanical garden was formed, which 
was the earlieft inftitution of the kind in the German 
univerfities. Befides his academical occupations, he afli- 
duoufly purfued the practice of phyfic, in which he be¬ 
came fb eminent, as to be conlulted by feveral of the 
German princes. His private character was highly elti- 
mable, and he was generally regretted at his death in 1698, 
in his feventy-lixth year. He wrote a number of thefes 
and differtations on anatomical and phyfiological topics; 
and in botany he publifhed Delicia Hortenfies, or a catalogue 
of the plants in the botanical garden of Altdorf, 1660, 
1677, 1691; alfo, Flora Altdorfina Delicia Sylvejlres, or a 
catalogue of the plants growing wild about Altdorf, 1662. 
He likewife gave a botanical defcription of Mount 
Maurice in the diftrift of Leimburg, and other neigh¬ 
bouring places, 1694. 
John-Maurice Hoffmann, fon of the preceding, was 
alfo an eminent profelTor at Altdorf of anatomy, botany, 
and chemiftry. He removed to Anfpach, where he died 
in 1727, aged' feventy-four. He continued his father’s 
Flora Altdorfina , and wrote feveral other works. 
HOFFMAN'NIA, fi. [fo named by Swartz in memory 
of Maurice Hoffmann, profeffor of botany at Altdorf; whole 
works have been mentioned above.] In botany, a genus of 
the clafs tetrandria, order monogynia, natural order of 
ftellatse, (rubiacese, Juff.) The generic charadters are— 
Calyx: perianthium one-leafed, four-toothed, luperior; 
teeth upright, fnarp. Corolla: monopetalous, lalver- 
Ihaped; tube fo Ihort as to be next no none; border 
four-parted; parts lanceolate, fpreading. Stamina: fila¬ 
ments none; antheras four, fixed to the bafe of the tube, 
linear-fubulate, upright, -prefled dole to the ftyle. Pif- 
tillum: germ inferior, oblong-four-cornered; ftyle fubu- 
late, the length of the ftamens; ftigma blunt, fcarcely 
emarginate. Pericarpium: berry oblong, (lightly four- 
cornered, crowned, two-celled, two-valved. Seeds nume¬ 
rous, roundilh, fixed to receptacles in each cell.— Effential 
Charader. Calyx four-toothed; corolla falver-draped, four- 
parted; filaments none; berry two-celled, many-feeded. 
Hoffmannia pedunculata, a fingle l’pecies. Native of 
Jamaica. 
HOFF'MARCKT, a town of Germany, in Auftria, 
fituated on the. river March: twenty miles fouth-fouth- 
eaft of Zifterzdorf, and twenty-fix from Vienna. 
HOFF'WA, a town of Sweden, in the province of 
Weft Gothland, where, in the year 1276, king Waldemar 
was taken prifoner by his brother: eighty miles north- 
eaft of Uddevalla. 
HOF'HEIM, a town of Germany, on the Upper Rhine, 
and principality of H ae Darmftadt: five mile9 fouth- 
weft of Darmftadt. 
HOF'LEIN, a town of Germany, in Auftria: three 
miles north-eaft of Brack. 
HOF'MANSTORP, a town of Sweden, in the province 
©f Smaland : twelve miles fouth-eaft of Wexio. 
HOF'STOTTEN, a town of Germany, in Auftria: 
eight miles fouth of St. .Polten. 
HOF'TERWITZ, a town of Germany, in Upper Sax¬ 
ony, and margraviate of Meiffen ; iix miles fouth-eaft 
of Drefden. 
HOG 
HO G,fi. \_hwch, Welfli.] The general name of fwine: 
The hog that plows not, nor obeys thy call, 
Lives on the labours of this Lord of all. Pope. 
A caftrated boar. 
To bring Hogs to a fine market. To fail of one’s defign. 
—You have brought your hogs to a fine market. Spedator. 
HOG, an illand belonging to the American States, 
fituated on the eaft fide of Lake Champlain, in Franklin 
county, Vermont, nine miles long, and generally about 
three broad. 
HOG, an illand of the American States, in Naraganfet 
Bay, in the ftate of Rhode Illand, about two miles in 
circumference : two miles from Briilol. 
HOG-COTE, J. A houfe for hogs; a hog-lty. 
HOG’s FENNEL, J. in botany. See Peucedanum. 
HOG’s HEAD, a cape on the fouth-weft coaft of 
Ireland, in the county of Kerry. Lat. 41.45. N. Ion. 10. 
15. W. Greenwich. 
HOG-HERD,/. [ hog and hypb, a keeper.] A keeper 
of hogs..—The terms hog-herd and cow-keeper are not to 
be ufed in our poetry. Brome. — Hog-herd however was ufed 
by an elegant poet in the reign of James I. 
No lufty neat-herd thither drove his kine, 
Nor boorilh hog-herd fed his rooting fwine. Browne. 
HOG ISLANDS, a duller of fmall iflands near'the 
fouth-weft coaft of Ireland, and county of Kerry, between 
Ballinalkelling bay and the mouth of Kenmare river; 
three or four miles from Hog’s Head. 
HOG-LOL T SE,/ A kind of infect, a millepede. 
HOG PLUM, / in botany. See Spondias. 
HOG STEER,/ A wild boar of the third year. 
HOG-STY,/' The place in which fwine are put to be- 
fed. 
HOG-WASH,/ The draft' which is given to fwine. 
HOG-WEED, fi. in botany. See Boerhavia, Hera- 
cleum, and Polygonum avicularjs. 
HO'GA, Ho'gium, Hoch,/ [from hoogk, Ger. high, 
or from hou, Sax.] A mountain or hill. 
. HO'GARTH, [of hoogh, high, and o.erd, nature.] Wil¬ 
liam, an original genius in painting, bom in Weltmoreland 
in 1698, and apprenticed in London to a filver-fmith, 
with whom he entered Upon that branch of the trade 
which conlifts in engraving ciphers and arms upon plate. 
This occupation gave him fomewhat of a turn for draw¬ 
ing ; and, before his apprenticelhip expired, he had exhi¬ 
bited a fingular talent for ludicrous caricature. As foon 
as he became his own mailer, he entered at an academy 
for drawing and defign; and ftudied attitudes from the 
life. An edition of Hudibras afforded him the firft fub- 
je£t fuited to his genius ; after which he acquired conli- 
derable employment as a portrait-painter. Grace was, 
however, no attribute of his pencil, and he was more 
difpofed to aggravate than to (often the external: defeats 
of nature. His talents for original comic defign, however, 
gradually unfolded themfelves ; and on various public 
occafions he produced difplays of his ludicrous powers. 
In 1730 he formed a clandeltine marriage with the only 
daughter of fir James Thornhill, the painter; and foort 
after, he commenced his firft great leries of moral paint¬ 
ings, The Harlot’s Progrefs. Some of thefe pieces, when 
they were finilhed, were defignedly placed in the way of 
his father-in-law, in order to reconcile him to a match 
which the oblcurity of the object of his daughter’s choice 
had led him to dilapprove. His obfervation upon them 
was, “ The man who can produce fuch works, can main¬ 
tain a wife without a portion.” He was foon after, how¬ 
ever, reconciled, and the young couple were brought 
home to his houfe. The Harlot’s Progrefs proved ex¬ 
tremely popular; infomuch that a pantomime taken from 
it was fuccefsfully reprefented on the ftage. This per¬ 
formance, with feveral lubfequent- ones of a fimilar kind, 
failed not to place Hogarth in the- clafs of original ge- 
niufee 
