242 
H O L 
fo much as a common labourer would fcarcely think enough 
for one meal. Belides the grain of which bread is ufually 
-made, the people make ufe of buck-wheat and barley, 
whether ground or whole; of this there .is a very great 
donfumption. Potatoes are alfo much cultivated, and in 
great eiteem. The Dutch confume a valt quantity of 
fid ted meat, which is held in higher eftimation than per¬ 
haps any where elfe ; their mode of curing it being fo ex¬ 
cellent. The hams of this countiy, but particularly thofe 
of Guelderland, are in high repute among foreigners. 
They confume large quantities of geefe and wild-ducks. 
Whatever may be the reafon, the confumpdon of flelh- 
meat by no means equals that of fifli, which conftitutes a 
moft eifential part of their food. In feveral diftrifts of 
Holland, the ordinary diet of the people is fifli, with the 
addition of potatoes and flour. Animal food, in general, 
bears a very high price in Holland. Beer is the principal 
drink; but the cpnfumption is much lefs fince the intro¬ 
duction of tea and coffee. If the ufe of beer, however, 
has decreafed, mead and other liquors made from honey 
and fugar have fallen more into difufe, fince the Dutch 
have found the means of procuring wines at a reafonabie 
-price, which they import from France, Spain, and Ger¬ 
many. They ufe great quantities of fpirituous liquors, 
particularly geneva, which they are proud to confider as 
a national liquor. 
Cold, dreary, and inert, as this country might be deemed, 
it has to boaft of feveral eminent feats of learning; and 
has produced many diftinguiflied characters in the repub¬ 
lic of letters. The molt large and rel'peCtable Latin fchools 
are at Rotterdam, Breda, Micjdleburg, Groningen, &c. 
The univerfities are rive : Leyden, Utrecht, Harderwyck, 
Franecker, and Groningen; with two inferior colleges at 
Amfterdam, and Deventer. There is alfo an academy of 
fciences at Haarlem. Among thofe of this country who 
have been eminent for lcience and literature, or rank as 
diftinguiflied writers, it is incumbent upon us to mention 
the great Erafmus, the reftorer of letters in Weftern Eu¬ 
rope, who was born at Rotterdam in 1467. Johannes Se- 
cundus, or Hans de Twede, one of the molt elegant of 
modern "Latin poets, was a native of the Hague; as the 
renowned Grotius was of Delft. Boerhaavfc, the cele¬ 
brated phyfician, was born at Voorhoot, near Leyden. Dort 
produced Paul Merula, a diftinguiflied antiquary, who at 
the beginning of the feventeenth century firft difcrimi- 
nated the real origins of European nations. Adrian Ju¬ 
nius, or Yung, who explored the antiquities of his native 
country, was of Hoorn, on the Zuyder Zee. Among other 
eminent names may be mentioned Meuriius of Laufden, 
Doufa of Leyden, Henfius of Ghent, and the younger 
Voflius. Hoogeveen of Leyden died in 1794, after having 
acquired the reputation of being the firft Greek fcholar 
in Europe. This lift might be eafily increafed; bat the 
biographical ill nitrations in this Encyclopaedia, render 
fuch an enumeration unneceflary. 
HOL'LAND, a diftriCt of England, in the county of 
Lincoln, fituated in the fouth-ealt part, with the German 
Sea on the eaft, and the counties of Cambridge, Northamp¬ 
ton, and Norfolk, on the fouth, divided into Upper and 
Lower, both of which confift of fens, bogs, and marflies, 
drained and interft-Cted in various ways by ditches and 
canals.. The air is unwholefome, but made much better 
in parts which are well drained; the water is brackifli, fo 
that in moft places rain-water is preferved in refervoirs 
for family ufe ; and in the fununer vaft (warms of infeCts 
fill the air, and prove exceedingly offenflve. The land, 
after being drained, forms good pafture and meadow land, 
and, if cultivated, produces good crops of corn. Large 
flocks of geefe are bred, and form a confiderable article of 
commerce, as well for their quills and feathers as for the 
birds themfelves, great numbers of which are driven- to 
the London markets ; there are alfo many large decoys for 
wild du.cks, widgeons, &c. The principal towns are Bol¬ 
ton, Spalding, Crowlarid, and Holbeach. 
HOL'LAND, a town of Prullia, in the province of Ober- 
H O L 
land, ftrongly fortified, fituated near the river Weeflce, 
This town was built by fome gentlemen who fled from 
Holland in the year 1296, after the murder of count Flo- 
rent V. It fuffered much in the wars between the Poles 
and the Swedes: fifty-two miles fouth-weft of Koniglberg. 
HOL'LAND, a townfhip of the A.merican States, in 
Hamplhire county, Maflachufetts, which, until incorpo¬ 
rated in 1785, was the eaft: parilh of South Brimfield ; and 
is bounded fouth by Tolland county, in Connecticut, eaft 
by Worcefter county, and northward by Brimfield': fe- 
venty-five miles fouth-wefc of Bofton. 
HOL'LAND (New). See New Holland. 
HOL'LAND, f. Fine linen made in Holland: 
Some for the pride of'Turkilh courts defign’d 
For folding turbans fineft holland bear. Dry den. 
HOL'LAND, adj. Belonging to Holland ; made of linen 
imported from Holland. 
HOL'LAND (Philemon), commonly called the <£ Tranf- 
lator-general of his age,” was educated in the univerlity 
of Cambridge, and took the degree of M. D. He tranflated 
Livy, Pliny’s Natural Hiftory, Plutarch’s Morals, Sueto¬ 
nius, Ammianus Marcellinus, Xenophon’s Cyropaedia, and 
Cambden’s Britannia, into Englifh; and the geographical 
part of Speed’s Theatre of Great Britain into Latin. The 
Britannia, to which he. made many ufeful additions, was 
the moft valuable of his works. It appears from the date 
of the Cyropaedia, that he. continued to tranflate till he 
was eighty years of age. He died in 1636, aged eighty-five. 
HOLLAND’S POINT, a point on the weft fide of 
Chefiapeak Bay, in North America, in the ftate of Mary¬ 
land : twenty miles fouth of Annapolis. 
HOL'LANDER,yi A native of Plolland; an inhabi¬ 
tant of Holland. 
I-IOL'LAR (Wenceflaus), an eminent engraver, born 
at .Prague in 1607. He was particularly diftinguiflied 
for his views of towns on the Rhine, Neckar, and Da¬ 
nube, which were greatly admired. In 163.6, that patron 
of the arts, Howard earl of Arundel, going on an em- 
bafiy to the emperor of Germany, heard of Hollar’s fame, 
and brought him to England. Fie immediately entered 
into full employment; for, befides making engravings of 
the pictures in the Arundelian collection, he was engaged 
to execute viqws of Greenwich and Richmond, and other 
fimilar works. In 1640 he entered into the fervice of the 
royal family, and gave the prince of Wales leflbns in de- 
fign. He publifhed portraits of the king and queen from 
pictures of Vandyke ; but he was lefs fiuccefsful in large 
pieces than in (mail ones. The nearer, fays Mr. Walpole, 
his works approach to wanting a magnifying glafs, the 
nearer they advance to perfection. He died in March 
1677. 
HOL'LATT, a town of Germany, in Auftria, on the 
Danube : fix miles north-north-wefc of Bruck. 
HOL'LENBACH, a town of Germany, in Franconia, 
and principality of Hohenlohe : feventeen miles north-eali 
of Ohringen. 
HOL'LENBERG, a town of Germany, in the duchy of 
Carinthia : four miles fouth of Clagenfurt. 
HOL'XEYS, a town of the American States in North 
Carolina : twenty-eight miles north-eaft of Fayetteville. 
HOLL'FELD, a town of Germany, in Franconia, and 
bifhopric of Bamberg : fifteen miles eaft of Bamberg, and 
fixteen weft of Bayreuth. 
HOL'LI,/ The Indian name of wliat the Spaniards call 
alii, a refinous liquor, diitilliilg from a palm-tree called 
chilli: and ufed in dyfenteries. 
HOL'LIN, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Koni- 
gingratz : two miles north-weft ot Gi-tlchin. 
HOL'LIS, the NifitiJJ'et of the Indians,':! townfliip of the 
^American States, in Hilllborough county, New Hamp- 
lliire, fituated on the Maflachufetts line, incorporated in 
1746, and contains by the cenfus 1441 inhabitants: Se¬ 
venty milessCputh-weftof Portfmouth, and forty-five north- 
welt of Bofton. 
HOL'LISTON, 
