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H O L 
characters are—Calyx five-toothed, dilated, very much 
ip read ; corolla ringent; capfule mnny-feeded. 
HoimSkioldia I uiguinea, a Angle fpecies. It is a ihrub 
with fquare branches ; leaves oppofite, ovate or heart - 
ihaped, acute, ferrate, dotted; peduncles axillary, oppo¬ 
fite, many-flowered, leafy'; calyx and corolla red. Native 
of Bengal. 
HO'LO, a town of Sweden, in the province of Suder- 
manlar.d : twenty-four miles fouth-weft of Stockholm. 
HOI/OCAUST, J. [from oAo?, Gr. the whole, and y.cuu, 
to burn or confume.] A burnt facrifice ; a facrifice of 
tvhic-h the whole was confirmed by fire, and nothing re¬ 
tained by the offerer.—Let the eye behold no evil thing, 
and it is made a facrifice; let the tongue fpeak no filthy 
word, and it becomes an oblation; let the hand do no un¬ 
lawful action, and you render it a holocaufl. Ray. 
HOL'OCRON, in ancient geography, a mountain of 
Macedon., 
KOLOCZOW'SKA, a town of Poland, in the palati¬ 
nate of Lemberg: fifty-two miles eaft of Lemberg. 
HOLOFER'NES, lieutenant-general of the armies of 
Nebuchadonofor king of Aflyria, who, having in a remark¬ 
able encounter overcome ArphaxadkingoftheMedes, fent 
to all the neighbouring nations demanding them to fub- 
mit to his authority. Then, putting himfelf at the head 
of a powerful army, he paffed the Euphrates, entered Ci¬ 
licia and Syria, and fubdued thofe provinces. Being re- 
foved to make a conqueft of Egypt, he advanced towards 
Judaea, little expeCting to meet with any refiitance from 
the jews. In the mean time, he was informed that they 
were preparing to oppofe him ; and Achior, the com¬ 
mander of the Ammonites, represented to him that the 
Hebrews were a people protected in a particular manner 
by Almighty God, fo long as they were obedient to him ; 
and therefore he Should not flatter himfelf. with expeCta- 
tions of overcoming them. Holofernes, enraged at this 
difcourfe, commanded Achior to be conveyed within fight 
of the walls of Bethulia,' and tied to a tree, and left there, 
whither the Jews came and releafed him. In the mean 
time Holofernes formed the fiege of Bethulia ; and hav¬ 
ing cut off the water which fupplied the city, and fet 
guards at the only fountain which the belieged had near 
the walls, the inhabitants were foon reduced to extremity, 
and resolved to furrender, if God fhould not fend them 
Succour in five days. Judith, being informed of their 
refolution, conceived the defign of destroying Holofernes 
in his camp. She took her fineSt attire, and went out of 
Bethulia with her maid-fervant; and being brought to 
the general, fhe pretended that fhe could no longer en¬ 
dure the exceffes of the jews ; and that fhe came to fur- 
render herfelf to him. As foon as Holofernes law her, he 
was taken with her beauty ; and invited her to a great 
fealt, which he prepared for the purpofe of enjoying her. 
But he drank fo much wine, that inebriety unfitted him 
for his pafiion. Judith, in the night, decapitated him 
with his own fword ; and, dealing from the camp, returned 
to Bethulia with the head of Holofernes. A? foon as it 
was day, the befieged made a fally upon the enemies, who, 
going into their general’s tent, found his headlefs body 
wallowing in its blood. They then difcovered that Judith 
had deceived them, and, flying with precipitation, left the 
camp abounding with rich fpoils; the Jews purfued them, 
killed a great number, and returned loaded with booty. 
See the book of 'Judith. 
HOL'OGRAM, and HOL'OGRAPH, [from oAo;, Gr. 
all, and to write.] Something written wholly in 
the hand-writing of the perfon who figns it. The word 
is chiefly ufed in Speaking of a teftament written in the 
teftator’s own hand. The Romans did not approve’of 
holographic teftaments; and, though Valentinian autho¬ 
rised them, they were not ui'ed where the civil law was in 
full force. 
IIOLOM'ETER, f. [from 0A0?, Gr. whole, and ptrgov, 
a mealure.] A mathematical instrument of general uS'e in 
menfuration. 
H O L 
HOL'OMIN, a fmall island of Scotland, near the welt 
coalt of the island of Mull. 
HO'LON. See Hilen. 
HO'LON, a town of China, of the third rank, in the 
province of Pe-tclie-li: twelve miles weft-l'outh-weft of 
Telling-ting. 
HOLOPHLYCTTDES ,/. [from oA ? c, Gr. whole, and 
(pAt/jCI:?, a puStuie.] Little pimples all over the body. 
HOLOSCHCE'NUS, f . in botany. See Scirpus. 
KOL'OSIC, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Lem¬ 
berg : forty miles weft-north-weft of.Lemberg. 
• HOLOS'TEA, f . in botany. See Stellaria. 
HOLOS'TEUMjyi [from oAo?, Gr. ail, and odhon, bony ; 
faid to be fo called per antiphro/in, from its tendernefs.] 
In botany, a genus of the clafs triandria, order trigy- 
nia, natural order of caryophyilei', (caryophylleae, Jvjf.) 
The generic characters are—Calyx : perianthium five¬ 
leaved ; leaflets ovate, permanent. Corolla : petals five, 
two-parted, blunt, equal. Stamina: filaments three, fili¬ 
form, Shorter than the corolla, antherse roundish. Piftil- 
lum: germ roundish ; Styles three, filiform ; ftigmas bjunt- 
ifh. Pericarpium : capl'ule one-celled, fubcylindric, ga¬ 
ping at the tip. Seeds: very many, roundish. Calyx five¬ 
leaved ; petals five ; capfule one-celled, S’ubcylindrical, 
opening at the top. 
Species, i. Holofteum cordatum, or heart-leaved holof- 
teum : leaves fubcordate. Stems decumbent, creeping, 
fomewhat rigid at bottom. Leaves opposite, orbiculate- 
cordate, fubfeffde. Native of Jamaica and Surinam. In 
the former it is common, and thrives veiy luxuriantly. 
Browne calls it the larger American chickzoeed ; and fays, 
that it grows in tufts, and Seldom rifes above ten or twelve 
inches from the ground ; that the fmaller birds feed much 
upon the Seeds, but that it is feldom put to any other uSe, 
except that large wads of the freSh plant heated over a 
gentle fire are Sometimes applied to hard and painful fwel- 
lings, in order to relax the parts and dilpofe the obstruc¬ 
tions to a rel'olution. 
2. Holofteum diandrum, or two-ftamened holofteum : 
Stems procumbent, very rigid; leaves roundish, flowers 
two-Stamened. Tins plant is very fmall, feldom rifing 
above fix or feven inches from the ground. Native of 
Jamaica, but not common ; annual. 
3. Holofteum fucculentum, or fucculent holofteum: 
leaves elliptic, fleflry. Native of New York. 
4. Holofteum hirl'utum, or hairy holofteum: leaves or- 
biculate, hirfute. Native of Malabar. 
5. Holofteum umbellatum, or umbelled holofteum : 
flowers umbelled. Native of Spain, Italy, France, Ger¬ 
many, Svviflerland, and England ; where it was firft no¬ 
ticed on walls at Norwich, and on walls and banks in the 
neighbourhood, by Mr. John Pitchford in fpring- 1765. 
It was alfo found near Bury in Suffolk, by fir Thomas 
Grey Cullum, bart. It is an annual plant, flowering in 
April and M-ty. See Acrostichum, Juncus, Plan- 
TAGO, and POLYCARPON. 
HOLOTKU'RIA, J'. [from oAo?, Gr. whole, and aga, a 
tail.] In helminthology, a genus belonging to the order 
of molluS'ca, the characters of which are : body detached, 
cylindrical, thick, naked, and open at the extremity; 
mouth Surrounded by fleShy branched tentacula or feelers. 
The fpecies are all inhabitants of the fea, and have the fa¬ 
culty of expanding or contracting at pleafure. The an¬ 
terior aperture ferves them both as a mouth and a vent; 
and from, the hinder one they rejeCt the water fucked in 
at the orifice or mouth: the tentacula Serve as feelers for 
their food, and. are retraCtile. Molt of them give out lu¬ 
minous fcintillations, or a Strong phoiphoric light, which 
appears to arife from the variety and Splendour of their 
colours. All the fpecies die in about two hours after 
they are taken out of the Sea, when the brightness of their 
colours is confiderabiy diminished. There are twenty- 
three fpecies now afcertained, viz. 
1. Holothuria elegans, the moft elegant of this curious 
genus of gelatinous animals. The. body is elongated and 
1 _ cylindrical, 
