246 H O L 
devour its prey, or to caft anchor , and fix itfelf on the 
moving furface of the waves. It inhabits the Atlantic 
Ocean. 
7. Holothuria Thaiia : body oblong, yellowifn green, 
with a lquare creft or comb, and entire lateral lines. In¬ 
habits the American and Weft-Indian Seas. 
8. Holothuria caudata: body oblong, greenifli, with a 
round deprefied creft or comb, and lateral interrupted 
lines ; posterior part ending in a projection or tail. In¬ 
habits the American and Indian ocean. 
9. Holothuria denudata : body oblong, yellowifh-green, 
with interrupted lateral lines, and without creft or tail. 
Inhabits the American ocean. This and the two pre¬ 
ceding are of an uncertain genus; the body in each of 
them is rounded, and (lowly tapering to both ends ; front 
three to four inches long, and about one in diameter ; 
tranfparent, of a firm gelatinous confiftence, and hollow ; 
opening by a final! triangular aperture next the head, and 
a narrow round one at the other extremity; they have a 
fpiral milky line down the back, under this another larger 
opalce one, and on each fide below thefe another fmaller 
purple one. They are moltly found Angle, and fometimes 
(ticking lengthways together, fuppoled in the aft of co¬ 
pulation. 
10. Holothuria pentaftes: in form fomewhat refembling 
the Sepia genus; but it has the power of changing or va¬ 
rying its fttape, by extending its body to a long and cy¬ 
lindrical figure, or of contracting it into a cone, or a 
broad oval. It derives this faculty from the tranfverfe 
wrinkles or ftrias with which its whole body is made up, 
tiie fibres of which unite with, or are tied into, five longi¬ 
tudinal elaftic bands or ftripes, which give it the figure 
of a pentagon ; whence its name. On the upper extre¬ 
mity of each of thefe longitudinal bands, are placed a 
feries of papillae, in pairs, which extend about one third 
of the length of the body, and have the faculty of throw¬ 
ing out (mail retraftile filaments, by which they can at 
pieafure affix themfelves to any extraneous fubftance. The 
mouth or orifice is encompaffed with an elegant fringe of 
ramified tentacula, of changeable colours, partaking of 
red, yellow, and silvery white, with a reddish-yellow band 
round the neck. The colour of the whole animal is a 
reddifh brown, which is interchangeably deeper or lighter, 
In proportion as it extends or contrafts its form. The 
longitudinal bands are of a deeper red, varied with white 
tranfverfe ftripes beneath the papillae; which are whitilh 
at the top, and deep chefnut at the bafe. This fpecies is 
found in all the European Seas ; and is delineated on the 
Holothuria Plate III. fig. 1. At fig. 2, the fame animal 
Is flsown dilfefted open, to exhibit the inteftinal canal, 
tubes of the tentacula, Sec. 
xi Holothuria papillofa: a fmail fpecies, egg-fhaped, 
and of a yellewifh colour. The whole body is every 
where covered with fpinous papillae ; whence its name. 
The orifice or mouth is fui'niihed with ten dilatable ten¬ 
tacula, in the fhape of fronds. It has a pale pink colour 
round the neck ; mouth encircled with a deep red flefhy 
mufcle, bordered with white; tentacula red and white : 
correctly delineated in the Engraving at fig. 3. It inha¬ 
bits the North Sea. 
12. Holothuria Spallanzani: a very curious fpecies, 
lately difeovered among!! the other inhabitants cf the 
Mediterranean Sea, by the ingenious naturalift and travel¬ 
ler Spallanzani; whence it has affumed his name. 
13. Holothuria fquamata, a (mall fpecies, covered all 
over with fquamae or feales; whence its name. It is of a 
bright yellow, and fhines like burnifhed gold. It adheres 
firmly to rocks ; and is furnifhed with eight branched 
tentacula, of a lighter yellow than the body. In its qui- 
efeent or contracted ftate, it has the appearance of a large 
yellow, maggot, or grub. It is delineated on the Engraving 
at fig, 4., as it appears when in aftion, with the tentacula 
dilated. Thefe inhabit the Northern Ocean. 
14. Holothuria penicillus : a minute (pecie^, with the 
H O L 
body cruftaceous or bony, formed like a vafe, ar.d fluted 
with reddifh-brown and biuifh-white. The orifice or 
mouth is red; and puts forth eight tentacula; each fur¬ 
nifhed at the top with briftly filaments, not unlike a pen- 
cil-brufn ; whence it received its name. It has a brown 
and orange indented collar; beneath which is a ring of 
tentacula or feelers in the fhape of grain, which are pen¬ 
dulous and retraftile. It is found immoveably fixed to 
rocks or ftones by its bafe; and, when contrafted, affumes 
the fiiape of a button. It has a place among the inhabi¬ 
tants of the North Sea; and is correftly delineated on the 
Engraving at fig. 5. 
15. Holothuria fufus: a very fmail and (lender fpecies, 
furnifhed with ten radiate tentacula ; body fufiform, fer¬ 
ruginous, rough with minute feales, and befet with very 
fhort fibres ; protruding a cup-(haped hollow body, fur¬ 
nished beneath with a neck, and dilated above into an orb, 
perforated in the middle with a black foramen ; which 
is the orifice or mouth ; the tentacula are denticulate at 
the fides. Inhabits the deeps of the Northern Seas. 
16. Holothuria inhserens : decorated with longitudinal 
whitilh ftripes, and furnifhed with twelve red tentacula. 
Body long, narrow, pellucid, and covered with innume¬ 
rable vifeid papillae, by means of which it (ticks to what¬ 
ever it touches ; the tentacula are llefliy, lanceolate, and 
denticulate or (lightly branched on each fide. Inhabits 
the Northern and Red Seas. 
17. Holothuria lasvis: furnifhed with filvery-.white ten-.- 
tacula; body with five rowsof lines and dots;- foft, fmooth, 
whitilh, pellucid, from one to fix inches long; tentacula 
eight-cleft at the-tip. Inhabits the Greenland Seas, among, 
rocks; hides itfelf frequently in the clay, protruding 
every other one of its tentacula,. and contrafting the, 
others. 
18. Holothuria minuta: the fmalleft of the genus ; fur¬ 
nifhed with twelve (lender tentacula ; body covered with 
five rows of papillae or warts. Inhabits the Greenland Seas, 
with a fandy bottom; and moves very (lowly by means of 
its extended papilla:. This fpecies is only four lines long, 
glabrous, fubmembranaceous, whitifh, and reddifh; ten¬ 
tacula fometimes yellowifn, and fix-cleft at the tip. 
19. Holothuria forcipata : five inches long; both ends: 
narrow and conic, the anterior one forcipated; body foft* 
lubricous, with a thin (kin covered with innumerable fine 
dots; forceps rigid, ochre-yellow, with curved fangs.. 
Inhabits the Greenland Seas,, with a clayey bottom ; and 
is often the food of the Cottus fcorpio. 
20. Holothuria zonaria: .body oblong, depreffed; with 
a flefii-coloured mouth or (heath, and a whitifh hyaline 
pouch ; body marked with five yellow zones; whence its- 
name. Inhabits the lea round Antigua. 
ai. Holothuria vittata : from fix to eight inches long ; 
decorated with white bands dotted with brown; tentacula 
lanceolate, and toothed at the fides. Inhabits the Red 
Sea ; and adheres faft to the hands, by means of its vifeid 
papilla:. * 
22. Holothuria maxima : body near a foot long, rigid, 
and nearly fquare ; above convex.; beneath flat, and edged 
with white ; tentacula filiform, and cut like petals at the 
tip. Inhabits the Red Sea. 
23. Holothuria impatiens: a fmail fpecies, furnifhed 
with twenty tentacula, filiform, feven-cleft, and denticu¬ 
late at the tip ; body hardifh, cinereous, varied with fpots 
and bands, rough, with hemifphserical warts, whitifh in 
the middle, and approximate; tentacula hyaline, dotted 
with black. Inhabits the fhores of the Red Sea, under 
ftones, or in the pores of the Spongia officinalis. 
HOLOWfNE, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Chelm : twenty-eight miles noj th-eaft of Chelm. 
HOLP. The old preterite and participle paffive of help. 
—His great love, (harp as his fpur, hath ho/p him. Shakcfp. 
HOL'PEN. The old participle paffive of help. —In a 
long trfink the found is holpen, though both the mouth 
and the ear be a handful from the trunk. Bacon. 
HOLPOL'CHh. 
