H O L 
H O L 
HOLPOL'CHI KIAMEN, a poll of Chinefe. Tartary, 
inthe country of the Eluths. Lat. 4.5. 28. N. Ion. 117. 33. 
E. Ferro. 
HOL'RAS, a town of Norway, in the diocefe of Chrif- 
tianfand : twelve miles- fouth-weft of Chrillianfand. 
HOL'SMUNDEN, or Holtzmunden, a town of Ger¬ 
many, in Lower Saxony, and principality of Wolfenbuttel, 
on the Werra: twenty-one miles well of Limbeck, and 
twenty-eight north-weft of Gottingen. 
HQL'STEBR’OE, a town of Denmark, in North Jut¬ 
land, iituated on a river not deep enough to be navigable, 
which runs into the North Sea. The principal trade of 
the inhabitants confilts in corn, oxen, and horfes: lixty- 
eight miles north of Ripen, and twenty-four weft of Wi- 
borg. 
HOL'STEIN (Duchy of), a country of Germany, in 
Lower Saxony. Including the lordlhip of Pinneberg, it 
is bounded on the north by the duchy of Slefwick and the 
Baltic, on the ealt by the Baltic, on the fouth by the 
duchy of Lauenberg, the territories of Lubeck, and Ham¬ 
burg and the E'be, and on the weft by the Elbe and the 
German Sea ; about feventy miles in length from eall to 
weft, and forty-eight in breadth from north to fouth. Its 
fituation between the Baltic and the German Ocean ex- 
pofes it to frequent ftorrns, which occafions heavy expence 
to the land-owners, in railing dykes to prevent inunda¬ 
tions, elpecially in the diftriels bordering on the German 
Sea and the Elbe. Thefe diftridts confill of excellent marlh 
land, producing wheat, barley, oats, beans, peaf'e, and rape- 
feed, in great plenty. The meadows and paftures feed 
great numbers of cattle, both milch kine, and thofe to be 
fatted for the butcher. The other parts of the country are 
ftillmore fertile. Holftein is divided into four provinces, 
namely, Holftein Proper, Stormar, Ditmartfen, and Wa- 
gria. The three firft of thefe were formerly called Nordal- 
biniria , or Saxony beyond the Elbe. The Saxons of this country 
were a free people, till they were fubdued by Charlemagne, 
who traniported ten thouland families into Brabant, Flan¬ 
ders, and Holland. A treaty was made between this prince 
and the king of Denmark, which ftxed the river Eider as 
the common boundary of their two empires. The coun¬ 
try on the fouth of the river was called the Marche, and a 
margrave appointed to defend it. Lothario, duke of Sax¬ 
ony, who afterwards became emperor, eredled Holftein 
Proper and Stormar into a county, in favour of the count 
of Scauenburg, in 1106 ; whofe Ion, Adolphus II. incor¬ 
porated Wagria with Holftein, and peopled his eltates w r ith 
ftrangers from Holland and W.eftphalia. The territories 
were afterwards divided into feparate principalities. One 
of the princes who reigned here obtained from the king 
of Denmark the inveftiture of Slefwick. This branch be¬ 
came extindl, and the people elected Chriltian I. king of 
Denmark, who became duke of Slefwick, and count of 
Holftein ; which was foon after eredled into a duchy. His 
pofterity reigned here in the fame manner as over Den¬ 
mark. The branch of Holftein Gottorpf, founded by the 
fecond lbn of king Frederic I. was often difturbed by that 
which reigned in Denmark; and in 1720, the reigning 
prince was entirely dilpolTefied of his dominions. This 
prince had efpoufed Anne, eldelt daughter of Peter I. em¬ 
peror of Ruftia. In 174.3, ‘his fon, Charles Ulric, was by 
his mother’s filler, Elizabeth, emprefs of Ruftia, declared 
grand duke of Ruftia, and took the name of Peter Feo- 
dorowitz. The king of Denmark maintained his autho¬ 
rity as duke of Holftein Gluckftadt, wdiile Peter Feodo- 
rowitz fupported his authority over Holftein Gottorpf. 
The principal trading towns are Altona, Gluckftadt, and 
Kiel. The exports of Holftein are wheat, barley, malt, 
ftarch, buck-wheat, peafe, beans, rape-feed, horned cat¬ 
tle, Iheep, ram's, fwine, horfes, poultry, butter, cheele, 
venifon, and fifti. 
HOL'STEIN (Luke), a learned German, born at Ham¬ 
burg in 1596. After receiving a liberal education in his 
even country, he went to Paris, wdiere he acquired a high 
reputation for learning and ingenuity, and was converted 
by father Sirmond, from the Lutheran religion in which 
4 
247 
he had been brought up, to the Catholic faith. From 
Paris he went to Rome, where he was patroniled by car¬ 
dinal Francis Barherini, who procured him a canonry of 
St. Peter’s ; and by pope Urban he was appointed librarian 
of the Vatican. He died at Rome in 1661, when fixty-five 
years of age. In 1630, he publilhed at Rome, The Life 
of Pythagoras, by Porphyry, in Greek and Latin, 8vo. 
with a curious dillertation on the life and writings of Por¬ 
phyry, and obfervations on the life of Pythagoras. In 
1638, he publifhed an edition of The Moral Sentences of 
Demophilus, Democrates, and Secundus, in Greek, with 
a Latin tranllation; arid in 1651, A Letter from Chriltian 
Ranzoviu's to Calixtus, a Lutheran Minifter, explaining, 
the reafons why he had become a Catholic. At the time 
of his death he had prepared for the prefs, a new edition 
with notes, diflertations, prefaces, 'and a glolfary, of St. 
Benedidl of Aniane’s Codex Regularum Monajhcarum & Ca- 
nonicarumy which was printed at Rome in 1662, and at 
Paris in 1663. In the year laft mentioned was alfo pub¬ 
lilhed, at Paris, A Collection of Canons, Acts of Coun¬ 
cils, Letters of Popes, and other eccleliaftical Monuments, 
arranged and revifed by Holftenvus, with Notes, in two 
parts. Among the papers which were left behind him, 
were alfo found materials for a new edition of Stephen o\ 
Byzantium’s Geography, which were fir.ll given to the 
public at Rome, in 1666, and afterwards at Levden, in 
1 S84., under the-title of, Luca Hol/lcnii Nota & Cajligationcs. 
in Stephani Byzantini Gent.iha, five de Urbibus lnjcnpta, ae 
Editione T'aeodori Ryckii, folio, 
HOL'STER, f. [from heolyT.ep, Sax. a hiding place.} 
A cafe for a horfeman’s piltol: 
In’s rufty holjlers put what meat 
Into his hole he could not get. Hudibras „■ 
HOL'STON, the Iargeft branch of TennelTee river, in. 
North America, riles in Virginia, and joins that river 
twenty-two miles below Knoxville. It is upwards of three 
hundred yards wide at that town, is about two hundred 
miles in length, and receives in its courfe feveral coniider- 
able rivers and ftreams- Holfton is navigable for boats of 
twenty-five toms, -for upwards of one hundred miles, as 
high as the mouth of the North Fork ; where iromworks 
have been recently erefted upon a large feale. At the 
mouth of this river, on the north fide, llands Fort Grain¬ 
ger. Lat 36. 27. N. Ion. 83. 8. W. See Tennessee. 
HOL'STON, a fettlement of the American States, on 
the river above mentioned, in the State of Tenneflee, con¬ 
taining by the cenfus 28,64.9 inhabitants. The land is 
generally fertile, but the face of the country is much 
broken. Placed between two large mountains, it feldom 
fullers for want of rain. It abounds with iron ore. A 
capital furnace and forge have lately been erected near the 
Virginia line, a bloomery below the mouth of Watawga, 
and another twenty-five miles above the mouth of the 
French Broad. There are fundry lead-mines in the fet¬ 
tlement, one in particular on the French Broad, that pro¬ 
duces feventy per cent, pure lead Long Illand on Hol¬ 
fton river is 34.0 miles fouth-weft of Richmond in Virginia. 
HOLT, whether at the beginning or ending of the 
name of any place, fignifies that it is or hath been woody, 
from the Sax. holt;, a wood ; or fometimes poftibly from 
the Saxon hoi, i. e. hollow ; elpecially when the name ends 
in tun or dun. GibJ'on. 
HOLT,_/l [Saxon.] Woodland. It feems more parti¬ 
cularly to mean woody high land.—Rough hills, and fo- 
reft/;^ were ladly feen to weep. Drayton. 
O’er holt and heath' 
We went, through deferts walte, and forefts wide. Fairfax . 
About the rivers, vallies, holts, and crags. 
Among the ozyers and the waving flags. 
They neerely pry. W. Browne. 
HOLT, a neat and refpeclable town in the county of 
Norfolk, diilant 123 miles from London, and twenty-one 
from Norwich. It has a market on Saturdays,..which is 
well fupplied, particularly with corn. There are alfo two 
fairs. 
