248 II O L 
fairs, viz. April 25, and November 25, which continue two 
days each. The fituation of the town, being on a hill 
which rifes confiderably above the level of the furround- 
ing country, renders it remarkably healthy. The quarter- 
feffions for the county are held here twice a-year, viz. at 
Michaelmas, and Chriftmas.j and the fellions-houfe is ufed 
as an aftembly-room for the monthly alfemblies, and other 
public-meetings. Here is a free-fchool, founded about 
1546, by fir John Grefham, knt. lord mayor of London, 
with a handfome endowment, for thirty free fcholars. The 
patronage and government of it is in the Fifhmongers’ com¬ 
pany, in London, under whom are alfo twenty-four vifi- 
tors, appointed by the company for life, from among the 
gentlemen who refide in the neighbourhood. To this 
fchool belong a fcholarihip and fellowfhjp in Sydney Col¬ 
lege, Cambridge. 
HOLT, a town of Norway, in the diocefe of Chriftian- 
fand : thirty-two miles north-north-eaft of Chriftianfand. 
HOLT, a. town of North Wales, in the county of Den¬ 
bigh : three miles north-eaft of Wrexham. 
HOLT, a town of Germany, in Weftphalia, and duchy 
of Cleves: twenty-feven utiles fouth-eaft of Cleves. Lat. 
51. 39. N. Ion. 24. 12. E. Ferro. 
I-IOLT (fir John), an eminent Englifh lawyer and judge, 
ion of fir Thomas Holt, ferjeant at law, born in 1642, at 
Thame in Oxfordfhire. He received his early education 
at Abingdon, of which place his father was recorder. 
Thence he removed to Oriel college, Oxford, which he 
3 eft without taking a degree, and. entered at Gray’s-iim 
for the ftudy of the law. He became diftinguifhed as a 
barrifter, and in 1685 was made recorder of London, and 
foon after was called to the degree of a ferjeant of law. 
His refufal to give afliftanee to fonte of the arbitrary ntea- 
fures of James II. occafioned his removal from the office 
of recorder. His known principles, however, caufed him 
to be elected a member of the convention-parliament of 
1688, and he was appointed one of the managers for the 
commons at the conferences held with the lords concern¬ 
ing the vacancy of the throne. In 1689 he was railed to 
the dignity of lord chief-juftice of the King’s-bench, and 
in the fame year was admitted into the privy-council. He 
refufed the poll of high-chancellor, offered him on the 
death of lord Somers, and continued to prefide in the 
court of King’s-bench till his death in March 1709. 
Lord-chief-juftice Holt, is memorable among the Englifh 
judges, as one who to a thorough knowledge of the lav/ 
joined an invincible firmriefs and refolution in fupporting 
its authority. With that on his fide, he feared not the 
indignation of any body of men, however powerful; which 
he more than once ffiowed in contentions with both houfes 
of parliament, whole affumed prerogatives he regarded as 
invalid when contradictory to the common law of the land. 
He was an intrepid affertor of the rights and liberties of 
the fubjeft, and w'as particularly jealous of the interference 
of the military power in the execution of the laws. In 
the delivery of his opinions he was remarkably clear, and 
his arguments were Angularly cogent and convincing. In 
1708 he publifhed Sir John Keyling’s Reports of Cafes in 
Bleas of the Crown, together with three modern cafes, il- 
luftratea with notes of his own. 
HOL'TALEN, a town of Norway, in the diocefe of 
Drontheim : fifty-four miles fouth of Drontheim. 
HOL'TENKLINGEN, a town of Germany, in the 
duchy of Holftein : nine miles louth of Segeberg, and three 
weft-fouth-weft ot Oldeflohe. 
HOLT'HAUSEN, a town of Germany, in Weftphalia, 
and biffiopric, of Paderborn : two miles weft of Buren. 
HOLTZ'HAUSEN, a town of Germany, in Weftpha¬ 
lia, and biihopric of Munfter: eight miles north-weft of 
Munfter. 
HOLTZ'KIRCllEN, a town of Germany, in Upper 
Bavaria : twenty-five miles eaft of Weilhairu, and eighteen 
fouth-fouth-eaft of Munich. 
HOL'VAN, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Curdiftans 
fifty miles fouth-eaft of Kerkuk. 
TI O L 
IIOL'WELL (John-Zephaniah), a gentleman diftin, 
guiftied by his writings, born about the year 1709. Ho 
went to Bengal at an early period of life as a writer in the 
fervice of the Englifti Eaft-India company, and gradually 
role in office, till, in 1756, lie was fecond in the council 
at Fort William. At that time a difpute with the nabob 
of Bengal induced the nabob to lay fiege to that fort with 
a powerful army ; when Mr. Holwell was one among the 
number of one hundred and forty-fix perfons, who were 
fhut up in the Black-hole, in Calcutta, where moft of 
them died, as related under the article Kindoostan, 
p. 86, of this volume ; but for the full particulars of that 
horrid affair, fee the article Calcutta, vol. iii. p. 610. 
When Calcutta was reftored to the Britifli dominion, 
Mr. Holwell raifed.a monument, at his own ex pence, 
to the memory of the unhappy vifl'ims who died on 
that occafion. On his return to England he wrote va - 
rious tracls upon the concerns of the India company, 
which, being temporary in their fubjecls, have ceafed to 
be interefting. He alfo entered deeply into the hiftory 
and mythology of the natives of Hindooftan, and gave to 
the public much curious information on thel’e particulars 
in a work entitled Interefting Hiftorical Events relative to 
the Provinces of Bengal, &c. publifhed in 1765, 1767, and 
1771, 8vo. He wrote alfo, Diifertations on the Origin, 
Nature, and Purfuits, of intelligent Beings, &c. 1788, 8vo. 
An Account of the Manner of inoculating for the Small¬ 
pox in the Eaft Indies, with fome Obfervations on the 
Mode and Praftice of treating that Difeafe in thofe Parts, 
1768, which contains fome valuble matter. Another work 
of his, publifhed in 1786, is a pamphlet entitled A New 
Experiment for the Prevention of Crimes, which chiefly 
confifts in propofed premiums for virtue. Every thing 
written by Mr. Holwell dilplays a very benevolent heart, 
and a liberal mind. He retained a great fund of fpirits to 
an advanced age, though labouring under many infirmi¬ 
ties, and died in November 1798, much relpefted among 
his acquaintance. He was a fellow of the Royal Society. 
HO'LY, adj. [hah^, Sax. heyleigh, Dut. from hal, heal¬ 
thy, or in a ftate of falvation.] Good; pious; religious: 
See where his grace ftands ’tween two clergymen! 
And fee a book of prayer in his hand ; 
True ornaments to know a holy man. Shakefpeare. 
Hallowed; confecrated to divine ufe : 
Bare was his hoary head; one holy hand 
Held forth his laurel crown, and one his feeptre. Dryden. 
Pious; immaculate.—Common fenfe could tell them, that 
the good God could not be pleafed with any thing cruel; 
nor the moft holy God with any thing filthy and unclean. 
South. —Sacred : 
An evil foul producing holy witnefs. 
Is like a villain with a fmiling cheek. Shakefpeare. 
HO'LY-CRUEL, adj. Cruel through holinefs.—Be not 
fo holy-cruel. Shakefpeare. 
HO'LY-GHOST, f [hahg and gapt, Sax.] The third 
perfon of the adorable Trinity. 
KO'LY-GRAYLE, f. [a femi-literal tranflation of the 
French Saint Gradl, which is a literal variation of Sang 
real. ] The true blood of Chrift : 
Hither came Jofeph of Arimathy, 
Who brought with him the Holy-grayle. Spenfer. 
HO'LY ISLAND, an ifland in the,German Sea, near 
the eaft coaft of England, and about eight miles fouth- 
eaft from Berwick-upon-Tweed, eight miles in circumfe¬ 
rence. It is otherwife called Linelisfarne, and was once 
the fee of a bifhop; the ruins of the cathedral are yet vi- 
fible. On the fouth coaft is a convenient bay, which fre¬ 
quently proves a fhelter to veffels from Greenland and the 
Baltic. On one fide of the bay is a fmall town, defended 
by a fort, and on the oppofite fide a caftle. The diocefe 
was afterwards removed to Durham. Lat. 55. 34. N. Ion. 
j. <52, W. Greenwich. 
HOLY 
