H O L 
HO'LY ROOD, a bay and pond in Newfoundland 
ifland. The bay is at the head of Conception Bay. 
HO'LY ROOD, or Holy Cross,/; A feftival kept on 
the 14th of September, in memory of the exaltation of our 
Saviour’s crofs. 
HOL'Y THURS'DAY,y] The day on which the afcen- 
fion of our Saviour is commemorated, ten days before 
Wliitfuntide. 
HO'LY WEEK, f. The week before Eafter, in which 
the paffion of our Redeemer is commemorated. 
HOLYHEAD', a fea-port town of North Wales, fitu- 
ated on the north-weft extremity of the ifle of Anglefea, 
near the Irifli Sea; diflant twenty-five miles from Caer¬ 
narvon, ninety-two weft-by-north from Chefter, one hun¬ 
dred and eighteen north-weft of Shrewfbury, and two hun¬ 
dred and feventy-two north-welt of London. It has a 
good market on Saturdays, and one fair in the year, com¬ 
mencing the 25th of July, and continuing three days. 
The church is of great antiquity, and the wall which fur- 
rounds it is ftill more lo, having been built by the Ro¬ 
mans above feventeen hundred years ago. The fervice of 
the church is performed in the Wellh language, except on 
Friday, when prayers are read in Englilh, and like wile 
the third Sunday in every month, on which day is' alfo 
preached an Englifh fermon. Here is a free-fchool, with 
an endowment of fix pounds a-year, for which the mailer 
is to inftruft fix poor children in reading, writing, &c. 
Here is no frelh-water except from rain; nor any bread 
but what comes from Ireland. On the rocks grow’ large 
quantities of kali, fo valuable for making kelp; and in 
the neighbourhood there is a large vein of white fuller’s 
earth. The falt-water is here found in a ftate of the ut- 
moft purity; and the air in general is remarkably clear 
and falubrious. Eilh is plenty, frelh, and provifions cheap ; 
i’o that Holyhead, in the fummer months, is by nature 
poflefled of every advantage w’hich may induce the vale¬ 
tudinarian or the economilt to make it a temporary retreat. 
His majefty’s packet-boats are ftationed here, for the pur- 
pofe of conveying the mail to and from Dublin ; they fail 
regularly fix times a-week, wind and weather permitting. 
On Tuel'days no packet fails, becaul'e no mail is lent from 
London on Sundays. The palfage is ufually performed in 
about tw’elve hours. The town takes its name from a 
cape, or promontory, which is joined to the reft of the 
ifland of Anglefea by a narrow flip. Lat. 53. 23. N. Ion. 
4. 45. W. Greenwich. 
HO'LYWELL, a town of North Wales, in the county 
of Flint, find to contain upwards of two thoufand inha¬ 
bitants: it has a market on Fridays, and a grant for three 
fairs, on April 23, Tuefday after Trinity, and Septem¬ 
ber 2. It is diftant eleven miles eaft from St. Alaph, fifty- 
two north-weft from Shrewfbury, and two hundred and 
twelve north-eaft from London. The fituation of the town 
is pleafant and healthy. Behind it is a lofty hill, extreme¬ 
ly productive of lead ore. Towards the fea is a beautiful 
valley, bounded by woods; the end terminating on one 
fide with the venerable abbey. The town received its 
name from St. Wiruiifred’s well, concerning which fo 
many fables and fiuperftitious tales have been told. The 
fpring gufties forth with great impetuofity, and discharges 
twenty-one tons of water in a minute. It is perhaps the 
finelt cold bath, and at the fame time the molt elegant, in 
the kingdom. It drives feveral mills at a fmall cliftance 
for different manufactures, viz. brafs, copper, cotton, &c. 
which works ku;e here become fo confiderable as to be 
fcarcely inferior to any in the kingdom. Over the fpring 
there is a chapel, built by the countefs of Derby, mother 
of Henry VII. which Hands upon pillars, and on the win¬ 
dows are painted the hiftory of St. Winnifred’s life. The 
approach to the well is remarkably piCturefque, along a 
little valley, bounded on one fide by hanging woods, be¬ 
neath which the ftream hurries towards the fea, unlefs 
where interrupted by the frequent manufactories; its ori¬ 
gin is difccvered at the foot of a fteep hill. The fpring 
boils up with vaft impetuofity. and is formed into a beau- 
Vol.X. No. 657. 
U O M . nuj 
tiful polygonal well covered by a fuperb arch, fupported 
by pillars. The roof is exquisitely carved in ltone. Im¬ 
mediately over the fountain is the legend of St. Winnifred, 
on a pendant projection, with the arms of England at the 
bottom: numbers-of fine ribs fee lire the arch, whofe in- 
terfeCtions are coupled with fculpture. The fpring never 
freezes, or fcarcely varies in the quantity of water, in 
droughts, or after the greateff rains. The ftream formed 
by this fountain runs with a rapid courfe to the fea, which 
- it reaches in little more than a mile’s diftance: and the 
induftry of this century, as obferved before, has made its 
waters of much commercial utility. 
HO'LYWOOD (John), or Halifax, or Sacrobosco, 
was, according to Leiand, Bale, and Pitts, born at Flalifax 
in Yorkfliire; according to Stainlrurll, at Holywood near 
Dublin; and, according to Dempfter and Mackenzie, in 
Nithfdale in Scotland: though there may perhaps have 
been more than one of the name. Mackenzie informs us, 
that, having finh'hed his Itudies, he entered into orders, 
and became a canon regular of the order of St. Auguitin, 
in the famous monaftery of Holywood in Nithfdale? The 
Englilh biographers, on the contrary, tell us that he was 
educated at Oxford. They ail agree however in afferting, 
that he lpent molt of his life at Paris; where, fays Mac¬ 
kenzie, he was admitted a member of the univerfity, 
June 5, 1221, under the Syndics of the Scotch nation ; and 
loon after was elected profelfor of mathematics, which he 
taught with applaufe for many years. According to the 
fame author, he died in 1256, as appears from the inferip- 
tion on his monument in the cloilters of the convent of 
St. Maturine at Paris. He was contemporary with Roger 
Bacon, but probably older by about twenty years. He 
was certainly the firit mathematician of his time; and he 
wrote, 1. Dc Sphttra Mundi, a work often reprinted, and 
illullrated by various commentators. 2. De Anni Rationc, 
Jeu de Computo Ecclrfiaflico. 3. De Algorifmo, printed with 
Comm. Petri Cirvilli Hifp. Paris, 1498. 
HOL'ZAPSEL, a town of Germany, in Weftphalia, 
and capital of a county of the fame name, fituated between 
the electorate of Treves and Nalfau Dietz, on the borders 
of the Lahn, erected into a principality of the empire by 
Ferdinand III. The town is fituated on the Lahn, at the 
foot of a mountain, on which is the tower of an ancient 
caftle, the original feat of the princes of Nalfau: four 
miles north-eaft of Nalfau. Lat. 50. 22. N. Ion. 25. 30. E. 
Ferro. 
FIOLZ'FIAUSEN, a town of Germany, in Auftria: 
three miles north of Wells. 
HOLZ'KIRCFIEN, a town of Germany, in Swabia, and 
county of Oettingen Wallerftein Wernitz : four miles and 
a half foutli of Oettingen, and eleven north of Donauwert. 
HOM'AGE, / [hommage, Fr. homagium, low Lat.] Ser¬ 
vice paid and fealty profellbd to a fovereign, or Superior 
lord: 
Call my fovereign your’s, 
And do him homage as obedient iubjefts. Shakefp&xre. 
Obeilance; relpect paid by external aftion: 
A tuft of daifies on a flow’ry lay 
They law, and thitherward they bent their way; 
To this both knights and dames their homage made, 
And due obeifance to the daily paid. Dryden. ' 
To HOM'AGE, v. a. To reverence by external aCtion’; 
to pay honour to; to profefs fealty. The ftat. 12 Car. II. 
c. 24, which was made to free the lubjeft from the burthen 
of knight’s fervice, and the opprelfive conlequences of 
tenures in capite, amongft other provifions, wholly dii¬ 
charges all tenures from the incident of homage; not be- 
caule homage itlelf was any grievance, but becaul’e, though 
not wholly, yet it was more properly an incident to knight’s 
fervice, which that ftatute abolilhed. But, while homage 
continued, it was far from being a mere ceremony; for. 
the performance of it, where due, materially concerned 
both lord and tenant in point of intereft and advantage. 
See the article Tenure. ' 
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