28? H O R 
barley-culture is very good;, it is an excellent prartice to 
plough and fow in the fpring, inftead of giving prepara¬ 
tory ploughings when the feed fhouid be in the earth. 
Many farmers fow four bufhels of feed on an acre, which 
is too much ; and fome few fow no more than two bufhels, 
which is generally allowed to be too little, after all that 
Mr. Miller has laid in favour of thin fovving. Four bufhels 
is very general; but in fome places three bufhels and a 
half, and in others three bufhels, is the average or medium 
quantity of barley fown. 
Brining and liming feed-barley previous to fcwing it is 
a commprf practice; it is, however, reprobated by fome, 
and liming is even thought to be prejudicial. Such as are 
of the latter opinion, recommend the fprinkling a little 
foot with the water, to fecure the feed from infects. It is 
certain that barley, which has been wetted for malting, 
and begins to fprout, will come up fooner in a dry feed- 
time; and in f'uch a feafon this grain will not only lie 
long in the ground, but come up and ripen very unequally. 
To avoid tltefe evils, to give the infant barley an advan¬ 
tage over feed-weeds, and a chance' of coming to market 
l’ooner, it feems a good method to fteep the feed intended 
for lowing. This may be either in clean water or the 
drainings of the dung-heap, in which it may lie covered 
for twenty-four hours, or even longer, if the land be very 
dry, and there be no likelihood of rain for ten days. Sow 
the grain wet from fteepir.g, without any thing, or with 
lifted wood-afhes. The fower mult put in a fourth or a 
third more feed in bulk than he wodld of dry grain, the 
feed being fwelied in that proportion; and he may expert 
it up in a fortnight at fartheft. 
The common method of fowing barley is broadcajl at 
two fowings; the firft harrowed in once, the fecond twice. 
In Norfolk, almoft all the barley is fown under-furrow; 
that is, the furface having been fmoothed by the harrow 
and roller, the feed is fown and ploughed under with a 
fhallow furrow: a method admirably adapted to a light 
dry foil; and indeed to any foil which is light enough to 
produce good barley, provided it be rendered fufficiently 
line, and the feed be not buried too deep. However, if 
the feafon be wet, and the foil cold and heavy, good far¬ 
mers not unfrequently fow barley above, as is the general 
cuftom in other counties. And this feems to be a reafon- 
able praftice; for in a dry fpring and light land, fowing 
under feems rnoft eligible ; and in a cold fpring, or -when 
the foil is rough with clods, fowing above appears to be 
equally good management. 
Whether grafs-feeds are fown over the barley or not, 
the furface is harrowed prefently after the lalt ploughing; 
and, when the barley is up, it is run over with a light 
roller, to break the clods, and clofe the earth about the 
roots, which is a great advantage to it in dry weather. In 
heavy lands, if the harrow leaves any clods, they are broken 
with the clotting-beetle, and, if any quich is pulled up, it 
is deftroyed. When the barley has been up three weeks 
or a month, it is a good way to roll it again with a heavy 
roller, which will prevent the fun and air from penetrating 
the ground to the injury of the roots. It will alfo caufe 
the barley to tiller out, fo that, if the plants be thin, the 
ground will be filled, and the fialks ftrengthened. If the 
blade fhouid grow too rank, mowing is a much better me¬ 
thod than feeding it down with fheep; becaule the fcythe 
takes off only the rank tops, but the fheep, being fond of 
the fweet end of the llalk next the root, will often bite fo 
clofe as to injure its future growth. 
Of Drill fowing .—Grain fown by hand broadcaf mud fall 
at unequal depths; the feeds confequently fprout at dif¬ 
ferent times : that which is buried where the earth is moift 
foon appears, wliillt fuch as is near the furface lies baking 
in the heat of the fun, and does not vegetate till plentiful 
rains have moiftened the foil: hence an inequality of crop, 
an accident to which barley is particularly liable. Of the 
two common methods of fowing barley, ploughing in 
liuries too deep, and that fown under the harrow is too 
much txpofed to birds; whereas by the drill the feed is 
H O R 
all rlepofited regularly at the proper depth. To this ad¬ 
vantage peculiar to drilling we may add, the faving which 
is made in the feed, and the opportunity which is given 
by this praftice to keep the crop perfectly clean by hoeing. 
The quantity of feed ufed in drilling by different perfons 
is from fix pecks to three bufhels; but it is bad economy 
in general to be too fp. ring of feed, and it is hardly ad- 
vifeable to fow lefs than two bufhels on an acre. If, how¬ 
ever, it fhouid be thought proper to ufe even three bufhels, 
it will ftill be a confiderable laving. Drilling indeed can¬ 
not fo well be prartif'ed on heavy foils; but it may have 
place on thofe which are light and friable, and therefore 
peculiarly adapted to barley. Such foils are not injured 
by horfes going repeatedly upon them; and, being almofl 
always under command, the horfe-hoe may .go over them 
whenever the farmer is rnoft at leifure. 
Dr. Hunter, in his Georgical Effays, gives us the fol¬ 
lowing account of an experiment on this fubjert: “ la 
the fpring of the year 1769, I lowed an acre of barley, in 
equidiftant rows, with the drill-plough, in a field which 
was fown with the farpe grain, and, upon the fame day, 
broadcaft. The broadcaft took three bufhels per acre; the 
drill required only fix pecks. The drills were eight inches 
afunder, and the feed was lodged about two inches within 
the foil. The drill r.cre was finifhed within the hour. -In 
the courfe of growing, the drilled barley feemed greener, 
and bore a broader leaf, than the broadcaft. When the 
ears were formed throughout the field, the ear of the 
drilled barley was plainly diflinguifhed to be near half an 
inch longer than the broadcaft, and the grains feemed fuller 
and better fed. Being at a lofs to account for this, I dug 
up fome roots of both, and found that the pipe of com ¬ 
munication between the feminal and coronal roots of the 
drilled barley was confiderably longer than in the broad¬ 
caft. The produce of two hundred fquare yards of the 
broadcafl and drilled barley was carefully houfed, and af¬ 
terwards threfhed out. The drilled exceeded the other 
nearly one-fifth in meafure, and weighed heavier at the 
rate of two pounds in the bufhel.” See more on this 
fubjert under Wheat , in the article Tr-iticum. For the 
culture of the fpecies 5-9, fee Grass. See alfo Elymus 
and Triticum. 
HORDICA'LXA, f. in Roman antiquity, a feftival in 
which cattle were facrificed big with young. 
HORDICID'IA,/ The hordicalia. Scott. 
HO'REB, a mountain of Arabia Petirea, and very near 
or quite contiguous to Mount Sinai. Though many au¬ 
thors confound them, yet it does not clearly appear from 
the writings of Mofes, that they were one and the fame. 
Here Mofes faw the vifion of the burning bufli ; from 
which circumftance it feems to have gained the name of 
the “ Mount of God.” It was the eleventh place of 
encampment of the Ilraelites during their journey from 
Egypt to Canaan. Here they were at the giving of the 
la!w ; and, during the abfence of Mofes in the mount, they 
prevailed with Aaron to make the golden calf. Here 
Mofes finote the rock at the divine command, in order to 
produce water for the congregation ; thus it gained the 
names of Maflah and Meribah : and it was here the pro¬ 
phet Elijah fled from the fury of Jezebel. It was eleven 
days journey from Kadelh-barnea, by way of Mount Seir. 
Exod. iii. 1. xvii. 6, 7. Deut. i. 2. 
‘ HO'REHOUND (White), fee Marrubium. Bafe, fee 
Staciiys. Black or Stinking, fee Ballota. Water, 
fee Lycopus. 
IIO'REM, a city of Palefline, belonging to the tribe of 
Naphtali. Jofi.x ix. 38. 
HORES'TI, anciently a people of North Britain, be¬ 
yond Solway Frith. Now Efkdale. Camden. 
HO'RI, a man’s name. 
HO'RIA,yi in entomology, a genus of inferts belong¬ 
ing to the order of colecptera; the characters of which 
are: antennae moniliform; feelers four, thicker towards 
the tip ; lip linear, rounded at the end. Only two fpecies 
of this genus are known, viz. 
1. Horia 
