384 
hors 
and a half to fifteen and a half; and he fliould be com¬ 
pletely formed, well ribbed up, fliort-jointed, deep-chefted, 
and thoroughly found in the feet. If a young trotter be 
obtained, it will be perceived, in an iniiant, whether he 
has a natural bent of fpeed; but if not, granting he be 
thorough-limped, and can trot a mile in four minutes 
liandfomely, he may improve, and become capital for a 
long-didance. In training a young trotter, take a long 
time, keep him almoft always within himfelf, never trot 
him with a flack rein, or fuffer him to hitch, lead with 
one leg, or to get into a confufed run between trot and 
gallop; but accuftom him to pull well and deaaily at the 
bit. Always oblige him to finifh his trot in a walk, ne¬ 
ver in a canter or gallop; in which latter cafe caufe him 
to turn round, as is the cuftom in a trotting-match. No 
horfe is fit to trot any coniiderable dillance until riling 
fix years old; but it is remarkable that trotters, unlike 
gallopers, do not lofe their fpeed from old age, many 
having been known to trot as fait at twenty, and even 
near thirty, years of age, as they did in their prime; a 
fiolid recompence, i’urely, for the extraordinary care which 
thefe horfes demand. They fliould have the belt groom¬ 
ing, and the conftantuife of a loole Itable. 
To be able to perform fixteen miles in one hour, a 
horfe mult have fpeed enough to trot a mile in confidera- 
bly lefs than three minutes and a quarter. If he be full 
of meat, and in work, from a fortnight to a month’s 
training is fufficient; and that by no means in the fevere 
way which it is ufually praftifed by jockeys, who l'ome- 
times contrive to win their match, and lofe their nag. 
Four miles trotting in the morning, through the laft of 
which you mujl go along, and good walking-exercife in the 
afternoon, is fully fufficient. This ought to be preceded 
by a gentle dole or two of phyfic. Trotters fliould always 
be ridden with a double-reined bridle, moderately curbed. 
The faftefl trotter ever known in England was called 
Archer, from the name of the perfon who brought him 
to London ; and, from his having been bred in Norfolk, 
it is probable he was of the flock of Old Shields. He was 
a bay gelding, full fifteen hands high, and mafter of fif¬ 
teen ftone; being the property of Marfden, the dealer, 
who all'o poffeffed an old one-eyed black gelding, which 
wars timed by the flop-watch for two miles, the laft of 
which he performed confiderably under three minutes. 
Archer performed fixteen miles in fifty-four minutes and 
a half, carrying eleven Hone. The excellive lliaking which 
he buffered from the hardnefs of the road, brought a fever 
upon him, which, with the aid of fuppreffed perfpiration, 
and improper treatment, foon killed him. 
As Archer was the Tpeedied, the well-known brown 
mare, which died the property of Mr. Bilhop, proved her- 
felf the flouted, that is to fay, the molt lading, trotter in 
the world. This mare was full fifteen hands and a half 
high, with bone fufficient to carry twenty done; fhowed 
Tome blood, with a mixture of the cart-breed, fuch as we 
frequently lee in fanners’ hacks. Her neck was lhort, fore¬ 
hand well elevated, fhoulder deep', 1 but not very oblique; 
nor was fine proportionally deep in the girth. She was a 
dfilling goer ; but was never able to trot the mile in three 
minutes. 
In 1783 fhe trotted over the Epfom road fixteen miles 
in fifty-eight minutes and a half, carrying twelve done. 
TThis was laid to be the lint time that fixteen miles in one 
.hour, with, twelveJlone, had ever been trotted. In Gflober 
1791, being then eighteen years old, fhe trotted on the 
Rumford road, fixteen miles in fifty-eight minutes fome 
odd feconds, with twelve done, beating Mr. Green’s liorfe, 
for fifty guineas. It was probably within her powers 
to have trotted thirty miles in two hours; which didance 
was actually trotted in two hours and ten minutes by 
Ogde n’s chefnut mare. 
A grey mare, called the lockfmith’s mare, trotted fe- 
■yenty-two miles in fix hours. 
In t. 793, Crocket’s grey mare trotted one hundred miles 
in twelve hours, and had twenty minutes to lpare. 
A five-year-old, fon of Young Pretender, trotted, in 
E. 
1792, in Lincolnfhire, fixteen miles in fifty-nine minute?, 
carrying fifteen Jlone. 
In April 1792, the yellow bay gelding, called Spider, 
and the old chefnut gelding, then near thirty years of age, 
above-mentioned, trotted thirty-two miles in two hours, 
between Stilton and Cambridge; weight nearly ten done. 
Spider trotted the firft twenty-four miles in a hour and a 
half, bating a minute and a half; and the old chefnut 
horfe the remainder. It was faid, that they could have 
performed thirty-four miles within the given time. 
Of DRAUGHT HORSES. 
An erroneous idea has long prevailed concerning 
draught or cart-horfes; that, provided they are large ansi 
heavy, all further confiderations are needlefs. On the 
contrary, it is both theoretically and practically true, that 
great powers for draught mult depend materially upon, 
jud proportion; and that four thorough-lhaped horfes 
will draw with facility a weight which would puzzle five 
ordinary ones, although of equal, or even fuperior, lize: 
a truth which every perfon ought to reflect upon, who 
has a coniiderable number of thofe animals to maintain. 
A capital cart-horfe fliould not be more than fixteen 
hands high, with a brifk fparkling eye, a well-fliaped head, 
and diort pricked ears, full cheft and fhoulder, but fome- 
wliat forelow; that is to fay, having his rump rather higher 
than his forehand; fufficient general length, but by no means 
leggy; large and fwelling fillets, and flat bones; he fliould 
fiand wide on all fours, but wided behind; bend his knees 
well, and have a brifk lively walk. Many.perfons objeft 
to length in a cart-horfe; however nothing is more true, 
than that, in the account of jud proportion, length mull 
not be forgotten; and that not only length, but a certain 
degree of room and freedom of fliape, is ablolutely necef- 
fary to enable the horfe to‘make thofe refolute pulls, and 
aftive fprings, which contribute more than mere bulk to 
the tranuation of a dead mafs of weight. Above all, be 
careful to avoid chooiing the loofe, leggy, and weak-loined; 
fucli are the word poffible fhapes of draught-liorfes; 
The breeds of cart-horfes now mod in repute, are the 
Cleveland bays, the Suffolk punches, thofe of 
Clydesdale in Scotland, and the heavy blacks of our 
midland counties. 
The Cleveland bays, are a breed of horfes that have 
derived much advantage from having been crofted with 
ftallions which, inherited fome lliare of high blood. They 
are principally didinguiflied by their bright bay colour; 
their form is good; their fize large; and their aftivity, 
flrength, and hardinefs, fuperior to mod other of the 
draught kind. With full-blood dallions, this variety is 
faid to afford excellent hacks and road-horfes ; and, with 
half-bred dallions, excellent coach-horfes. They move 
quick, are very alert, and capable of great exertion. This 
valuable fort of horfes is produced in different parts of 
the counties of York, Durham, and Northumberland. 
The Suffolk punches are a very uf’eful fort of horfes 
for the purpofe of the farmer. They are didinguiflied 
by the colour, which is modly yellowifh or forrel ; by 
having a white blaze in the face; by the head being ra¬ 
ther large; ears wide; muzzle coarfe; fore-end low; back 
long, but flraight; fides fiat; fhoaiders too far forward3 
hind quarters rather high about the hips; legs round, and 
fhort in the patterns; deep-bfcllied ; full in the flank, but 
not large in lize. This on the whole, though but an or¬ 
dinary fort of horfe in regard to form, is found highly 
ufeful in draught, efpecially for the plough and cart. 
Thefe horfes are extremely hardy, and capable of perform¬ 
ing more labour than mod other forts. They are chiefly 
bred in the did riel of High Suffolk, 
The Clydefdale horfes have alfo a high character, and 
are laid to anf'wer better than any other breed for the 
bufinefs of agriculture in hilly diltrifts. They are diftin- 
guifhed by their colour, which is.modly grey or brown ; 
neck longer than in the Suffolk kind; head better formed; 
eyes more fprightly and animated; body lighter and bet- 
terformedj legs-clean and finetvy ; ftep firm but nimble'; 
i ' fize 
