HORTIC 
the death of that famous gardener Thomas Knowlton, as 
to be vifited by the late Dr. Richardfon, and many other 
dii'ringirifiied horticulturalifts of that extenfive county. 
The third inftance is commemorated in a painting done 
by the celebrated Eh ret, now in the poffefiion of Meifrs. 
Lee and Kennedy ; being accompanied with a difte&ion 
of the two fruits, which are the albcrge javne, fometimes 
called the orange-peach, it is'very fatisfaftory. 
The fourth inllance was noticed more recently in the 
garden of William Gilpin, efq. at Ealt Sheen ; of this 
lilcewife a painting, but without diffeftions, has been 
made by'Mr. Hooker. 
The fifth inllance was dilcovered early in June 1807, 
on a peach-tree in the garden of fir John Arundel, at 
Huntingdon. Mr. Salifbury, never having feen an inftance 
of the kind, went immediately to the fpot; and, after de- 
taching'the branch carefully from the wall, he foon fatif- 
fied himfclf that no bud had been inferted. There was, 
however, only a fingle neftarine, between two peaches, 
upon the tree, which the gardener faid was the Belle 
Chevreufe.. An accurate (ketch of 'the branch, with the 
fruit,- is given in the annexed Engraving, fig. 1. 
The fixth inftance was in M-r. Wilmot’s garden at Ifle- 
worth, which Mr. Salifbury alfo examined in Auguft 1807 ; 
and was informed that this tree, which is the Royal 
George, feldom fails to produce both peaches and necta¬ 
rines. Two only of the latter then remained. 
To the above inter.efting information, Mr. Salifbury 
adds the fingular example of both thefe fruits being joined 
in one. It was prefented to Mr. Salifbury. by Dr. Batty, 
who accidently obferved it among a number of peaches 
fent to him by James Wyatt, efq. from the neighbour¬ 
hood of Hounflow. This fruit is correctly reprefented at 
fig. 2. 
Mod of the gardeners, (fays-' Mr. Salifbury,) with 
whom I have converfed refpebting thefe anomalies, attri¬ 
bute them to the pollen of neighbouring neflarine-trees 
brought by bees ; but, as the young fruit is fmooth or 
dbwny long before it is impregnated, that cannot be the 
caufe ; and, in my humble opinion, no change of this fort 
is produced fubfequcntly. Not that I have a fhadow of 
doubt of the important confequences which enfue when 
the Sigma of one plant imbibes pollen belonging to an¬ 
other; but thefe are only manifefted in the fitcceeding ge¬ 
neration. Linnaeus in the Plantte Hybridce and Generatis 
Ambigena of his Arncenitatcs Academicce, fifft promulgated a 
doctrine which I firmly believe, that varieties, fpecies, 
and even genera, have been created in this manner; and 
without the fulleft compreheniion of it no horticuituralift 
can hope to. be fuccefsful in'railing new fruits endowed 
with the perfections he wifhes.” The theory of Linnaeus, 
is, that the new vegetable will refemble its father, or 
that from which the pollen came, in Item and leaves; but 
its mother, or that upon which the ftigma is fituated, in 
- Sowers and fruit; and this idea has been confirmed by 
the ingenious experiments, of Mr. T. A. Knight.—For 
the natural hiftory of the peach-tree, and its feVerai.,fpe¬ 
cies, with the management and culture recommended by 
the late Phillip Miller, efq. F. R.S. fee the article Amyg- 
d'alus, vol. i. p. 493-500 ; and the correl'pondent En¬ 
gravings. 
On PRUNING and TRAINING WALL-TREES. 
This moft fcientiric department of horticulture has been 
long conducted upon defective and irrational principles. 
Proper attention is rarely.paid to the form which the fpe¬ 
cies or variety fhould naturally aflame; and either too 
little of the wood is taken out, orotlierwife the moft pro- 
mifing (hoots are cut away, and the tree left bare. Thefe 
extremes are ftudioufly to be avoided, as attended with 
evils equally mifehievous; wall-trees being prefently fpoiled 
by either practice. If the tree be too full of wood, the 
fhoots and fruits cannot be properly ripened; and, if they 
are too thin, the confequence of the cutting that has made 
ULTURE. sw 
them fo, is the production of wood, rather than fruit, 
forcing out (hoots, where otherwife bloffom-buds wouid 
have been formed. The defignation of trees againft a 
wall neceftarily begets the art of pruning; and on the 
fkilful ufe of the knife will depend their future health, 
form, and fruitfulnefs. If a tree is young and newly 
planted, the firfc thing is to head it. down, by cutting off 
(if it is a nectarine, peach, or apricot) all the (hoots, acid 
the Item itfelf, down to a few eyes, that the lower part 
of the wall may be furnilhed with new and ftrong wood. 
Make the cut (loping, and behind the tree, taking care to 
plafter the part with cow-dung, clay, or ftiffi earth. Care 
mult be taken to leave two or three eyes, or four, if a 
high wall, on each fide of the Item, from which fhoots 
will come in a proper direction for training. The num¬ 
ber of eyes may be alfo according to the itrength of the 
plant, and its roots. If there are not two well-placed 
eyes on eacli fide of the Item, two (hoots, thus fimated, 
may be left, cutting them (hort to two or three eyes each. 
Eyes or (hoots behind are of no ufe, therefore let tlutu¬ 
be early difplaced by rubbing or cutting. This work is 
to be performed about the beginning of April, whfen the 
tree is putting forth its (hoots. 
If, towards the end of May, there (liquid be v/anting 
(hoots 011 either fide the tree, having, perhaps 'only one 
put forth where two were expeCted, that one flioot fhould 
be.cut, or pinched down, to two or three eyes; and be¬ 
fore lumnier is over there will be found good (hoots from 
them, and thus by Midfummer a proper head may ftill 
be obtained. As the lateral fhoots advance, let them be 
timely nailed to the*wall, clofe, ftraight, and equi-diftant; 
but ufe no force while they are tender. Lay in as many 
(hoots as' may be convenient throughout the Cummer, for 
choice at winter-pruning; yet not fo as to over-crowd 
the tree. In forming the. tree, keep each fide as nearly 
as* can be equal in wood, and the (hoots inclining down¬ 
wards, which is a mode of training neceftary to fill the 
lower part of the wall, as well as to check the too free 
motion of the Cap, which wall-trees are liable to from their 
'warm fituation and continual cutting. All the branches 
fliould have an horizontal tendency, though the upper 
cannot have it fo much as the lower ones. Thofir that 
are perpendicular, or nearly fo, mount the wall too fait, 
and run away with the food that fhould pafs to the hori¬ 
zontals, which, being impoveriflied by the vigorous mid¬ 
dle branches, gradually-become too weak to extend them- 
felves, and nourifh- the fruit. The pruner, therefore, 
muff be content to have Come of the wall, over the mid¬ 
dle of the tree, unoccupied ; or, at leaft, differ none but 
weak or very moderate fhoots to have a place there. 
The idea of a well-fonbed tree is tolerably well repre¬ 
fented by the expanded ribs of a fan. Regularity is al¬ 
lowed to be fo neceftary to the beauty of a wall-tree, that 
fome have even drawn lines for a guide to train by; but 
Nature, ever free and eafy, will not fub'mit to fo much 
formality, and fuel) a perfeft difpofition of the branches 
is not neceftary. A tree may be regular, without being li¬ 
near, and the ufeful fhoots are not to be facrificed to a 
fanciful precifion. Though crofting of branches is againft 
rule, yet cafes may happen, as in want of wood or fruit, 
where even this awkwardnefs may be temporarily per¬ 
mitted. The objeft is fruit; and, to obtain this end, 
form mult fometimes give way. All the: fore-right and 
back fhoots fliouldjbe difpla-c'ed in time; for they exhauft 
the ftrength of the tree, and occafion a rude appearance. 
It is a very expeditious method to difplace fuperiluous 
(boots by pufning, or breaking them off; but, when they 
get woody, it is apt to tear the bark; and, in this cafe, 
the knife muft be uled ; the better way is to dif-bud by 
rubbing; yet a young luxuriant tree ftiould be fuffered to 
grow a little wild to fpend the fap. There is one evil, 
however, attendant on dif-budding, and rubbingoffyoung 
fore-fight fhoots, that fome fruit-fpurs are thus loft; for 
apricots are apt to bear on little fnort fhoots; and there 
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