400 H O RTIC 
which is at or about Midfummer. If it be defired to put 
in two cionsj to form a tree for the wall, or efpalier, there 
fliould be two clefts parallel to one another, one on each 
fide the pith. Some put In two cions, merely in cafe one 
Ihould mifs; but it is not advifeable. It need hardly 
be obl'erved, that in this cafe the crown mult be left 
whole. 
Whip-grafting has the advantage of cleft-grafting in 
neatnefs, and not requiring the ftocks to be fo old by a 
year or two, as very finall ones will do in this-way; for 
the flock is direflly covered by the cion, and it takes 
with certainty if properly performed. Having cut the 
head of the ftock ofF, arid the cion to its proper length, 
dope the lower end of the cion about an inch and a half, 
and to a point; then cut the ftock to anliyer it, bark a gain ft 
bark, and tie them together exactly to their place, and 
clay it. But, for the greater certainty of keeping a cion 
to the part, cut it fo as to leave-a finall fhoulder at the 
top of the flope, and the ftock fo.as to leave a narrow bit 
of its crown to anfwer it, and to hold it. ' 
Grafting in the baric, ealled croiun-grafting, is per¬ 
haps as good a way as any, both for eafe of operation and 
certainty of fuccefs; but it will hardly fuit any other fruit 
than apples or pears, as other cions will be pall ufe before 
the bark of the flocks will peel, as the time for this bufi- 
nefs is towards the end of March, or beginning of April. 
In fafr, no grafting can take place but when the fap begins 
to rife. The head of the ftock being cut off, make a 
■ftraight dit down and through the barkffrem the top, at 
the place deflined for the graft, which'ihould be rather 
i’outherly or weiterly. This lcore down the bark fhould 
be nearly as long as the dope cut of the cion, which may 
be one and a half or two inches. Loofen the bark a little 
at the top of the fcore, and then with fome fmooth inflru- 
ment of wood, ivory, bone, or diver, open the bark dif¬ 
fidently to receive the cion, by pufhing the iilflrument 
down a trifle below the bottom of the flit. Cut a bit of 
the bark of the cion fmooth off at the bottom, that it may 
not turn up in pudiing down. It will be proper to cut 
the cion with a fmall dioulder, to reft upon the flock. 
And be.caufe 1 , when the cion is in, it will bear the bark 
up hollow from the flock, fcore the bark on each fide the 
cion, fo that it may dill clofe to the flock and to the 
edges of the cion: then bind and clay it neatly. This 
mode of grafting is ufed moll properly with Itrong flocks, 
and fometimes- is applied to large branches, and even 
trunks of old trees, to change the forts, or renew the 
wood. In proportion to the largenefs of which, from two 
to five or fix cions are put in, and fometimes of different 
forts; and, if the flock be large, the more the better, as it 
heals over the fooner, and as they indite the life of the 
ftock, by receiving and carrying off the lap; in which 
refpect a dngie brarich of the head of an old ftock may 
be left on, for the fap to pafs uff by when it begins 
to move. Having inferted the cions, and bound them, 
day the top of the ftock well, fo as to fhoot off the wet. 
Side-grafting is done in the bark, fimilar to inocu¬ 
lation; a cion being inferted inflead of a bud. The 
head of the ftock, in this method, is not to be cut off, 
only thinned a little, and the iide-flioots taken away. 
The bark of the flock, where the infertion of the cion is 
to be, mull be cut through in the form of the letter T, 
as wide and as long as is fufficient to receive the cion, cut 
as before, with a Hope face of at lealtan inch l'ong, taking 
advantage of a part of the ftock that is a little gibbous. 
Let the bark of the ftock be neatly raifed to receive it, 
but no more than is necelfary ; a bit of the bark may be 
diced off the part that is over the crofs cut, to receive the 
cion the better. 
Approach-grafting, or inarching, is performed in 
April or May, when the ftock we would graft, and the 
tree we would propagate, grow fo near together as to be 
brought conveniently into contafl; and the nearer the 
graft and the flock are of a fize, the better. This mode 
ULTURE. 
of propagation is efleemed the furefl of all, as it will con¬ 
join branches of trees which are fcarcely congenerous in 
their nature; gnd in truth, fome fruits cannot be. fo well 
propagated^ny other way. Plants in pots or tubs, being 
eafily brought together, are frequently propagated in this 
manner; and hence inarching is ufed much in green- 
houfes and liot-houfes for various, tilings, as oranges, 
lemons, pomegranates, jafmins, and vines, fometimes; 
oranges and lemons thus treated in May will be united by 
Augufl.. The method is: bend the ibefl-fituatfed young 
branch of the tree or (hrub to be propagated, to the flock 
to be grafted; and, having determined on thc'part at which 
moil conveniently to fix the fhoot, cut the bark of that 
part of the fhoot off, with nearly half the wood, (.not to 
touch the pith,) Vo the length of about three Inches for 
a flrong branch, or lefs for a weaker. Then cut exactly 
fo much of the bark and wood of the flock off', as will 
receive the cut part of the branch, or fhoot, fo as to bring 
bark and bark in contact in every part;, and, if the con¬ 
trivance of lipping be ufed, it will fecure them better to-, 
gether. Bind and clay; and, if in open ground, fix a 
flake to tie the work, fo that tne wind may have no power 
over it. As foon as the graft has taken, which will be 
probably in four months, let the head of the ftock be 
carefully cut off with a keen knife, three or four inches 
above the binding, which being then removed, bind and 
clay again, to remain about a month. In March follow¬ 
ing, cut off the branch from the parent clofe to the graft¬ 
ing, and alfo the flub of the flock that was left. The 
head of the flock is fometimes cut off before grafting; in 
1 which cafe a Hoping cut half-way the thicknefs of the 
flock, is to receive the cion; but here the graft and the 
flock muft be both of a fize, or nearly fo. This is called 
indrehing, when the head is cut off; and approach-grafting, 
when it is not. Horficulturalills moftly prefer the former 
method. 
Budding, or inoculation, is now the moll confide- 
rable mode of propagation. Apricots, peaches, and nec¬ 
tarines, are chiefly propagated this way, and plums and 
cherries may be. Pears are fometimes budded, and ap¬ 
ples have been; but the fuccels is uncertain. Not only 
fruit, but forefl and ornamental trees and fhrubs, are 
inoculated. The branches alfo of trees as well as Items 
are fometimes budded, which is bell done on two-years 
wood, though it may be on both younger and older. 
Inoculation begins as foon as good flioots with good eyes 
of the prefent year can be had, fo that the feafon may be 
reckoned from Mid-June to Mid-Augufl; but about Old 
Midfummer, or rather after, is the bell time for the work ; 
it fliould be done in a morning, or evening, except the 
day be cloudy, when any part of it will do. 
Apricots being firfl ready, the budding-feafon begins 
witfi them. The flocks to be ufed are thofe of the plum 
(railed from Hones or fuckers) when about half an inch 
thick; and the operation is to take place from four to 
eight inches from the ground. Peaches and nectarines 
are propagated on the fame fort of Hocks; but if the 
plum-flock is firfl budded with an apricot very low, and 
when of proper fize budded with a peach, and efpecially 
a neftarine, the advantage is reckoned that St takes belt 
fo, and comes to a better bearing, producing an improved 
fruit, and particularly the red Roman nectarine. Apri¬ 
cots may be expefted to be lefs luxuriant by double-bud¬ 
ding, in which cafe the firll bud fhould be of the Bruffels 
fort. Plums and cherries may be inoculated on fucker- 
flocks of any kind ; yet if a free growth is required, as 
for flandards, &c. ftocks raifed from ftones are bell; viz. 
plums on plums, and cherries on cherries, though they 
will take upon each other. Pears, if for flandards, fliould 
be inoculated on pear-ftocks, and on thofe raifed from 
feed, rather than fuckers; but, if for dwarfs, quince-flocks 
may be bell; white-thorn flocks are fometimes ufed with 
the fame view, but the fruit gets ftony. 
Stocks for budding dwajfs fh.ould be three years old $ 
but 
