t 
406 HORTIC 
fhould be foft, and replenifhed fo often as to keep it up to 
the bottom of the bulbs. Let it be completely changed 
about once a-week; and if a bit of nitre, the fize of a 
pea, be put in each time, it will flrengthen the blow. 
Bulbs, propagated from' offsets, produce a flower ex¬ 
actly like the parent; but varieties are only to be obtained 
from feed, which never produces flowers quite like the 
original the feed came from. Let the feed be laved only 
from choice flowers, thoroughly ripe; and, being hardened 
a little in the fun, may be lowed foon after, in pots, or 
boxes, of good light earth. 
Of all flowers or flowering-fhrubs, the rofe feems to 
claim precedence. In its varieties it fhould be planted in 
all fituations; but the Provence more particularly. Qc- 
cafionally every fort may bear a few late flowers; but 
chiefly the Provence. To encourage them to bear in 
the latter part of the year, pulling off the firfl rofes, as 
foon as they begin to decay, is a mean ; but to pull off all 
the buds, at the ufual time of blow, is a more certain me¬ 
thod. A more fure way, ftill, is to top the new flioots to¬ 
wards the end of May, or prune down to two or three 
eyes. Tranfplanting rofes in the fpring, is a mean to ef- 
feft a middle blow; and if into a north border, and cool 
ground, this may be done late in April, or even in May, 
watering and pruning at the fame time fhort. Early rofes 
are obtained by being trained againfl a fouth wall. The 
monthly rofe thus planted, arid having the light of a cu¬ 
cumber-frame put before it, will fometimescome as early as 
the end of April, or beginning of May. It is a good me¬ 
thod to put mofs round the roots of thefe trees in March, 
to keep the ground warm, and at the fame time moift, 
which helps to produce both forward and large rofes; in¬ 
dry and hot fituations they often require water. For all 
the known varieties of the rofe, and methods of culture, 
fee the article Rosa. 
FLOWERING SHRUBS and EVER-GREENS. 
To shrubs we are indebted for much of the beauty 
and elegance of our gardens ; and hence they juftly me¬ 
rit every care, though they produce little or no edible 
fruits. They affifl in forming an agreeable fliade, they 
afford a great variety of flowers with leaves differently 
tinged, and are ftandard ornaments, that give us pleafure 
without occafioning much trouble. Many flirubs are 
raifed from fuckers, others from layers, fome from cut¬ 
tings, and moll may be propagated from feeds, which 
produce the finelt plants. Before they are planted out 
for ornament, they fhould be trained two or three years 
in a nurfery, to be formed into a full and regular-lhaped 
head. 
Though deciduous fhrubs may be planted almofl at 
any time, yet October is much the beft month, efpecially 
if a moiil feafon.; the exception being made as to a cold 
wet foil, in which all forts of planting is bell done in 
fpring. Ever-greens muff be cautioufly planted, and 
fhouid not be ventured upon in wrinter; and even in au¬ 
tumn and fpring they ought not to be meddled with in 
unfavourable weather. It is a good rule, to expofe the 
roots to the air no longer than can be helped ; ever-greens 
fhould therefore be planted immediately after they are 
taken up, and their roots alfo very carefully prelerved 
whole. And, if the fhrubs are final), let them be removed 
with balls of earth to them, trimming off the projecting 
ends. 
As fpring is, on the w'hole, the fitted: time for moving 
ever-gretn fhrubs, and as the deciduous forts do then alfo 
very well, fh-ubberies and clumps properly enough be¬ 
come the work of March, a little earlier or later, accord¬ 
ing to the foil and feafon. Light fandy foils fhould al¬ 
ways be planted in good time, and any fair weather that 
appears fettled fhould not be neglefted ; the beginning 
of April, however, is generally reckoned the belt feafon 
for planting fhrubs. A good medium way is to plant 
the deciduous forts the beginning of March; and, leav¬ 
ing places’ for the ever-green kinds, plant them the end 
U L T U R E. 
of March or the beginning of April. But it would ftill 
be a better way to plant deciduous flirubs in autumn, and 
the ever-green forts in fpring. The diftances of the plants 
muft be according to the fize they ufually attain. Some 
grow off flow at firfl, but afterwards get large; but ftill 
thefe fhould be rather confidered in a middling way, 
otherwife the ground will be a long time naked. Some 
forts will require not more than three feet diftance, others 
four, five, or fix; but, as they are fmall when planted, 
and perhaps much of a fize, the future height and fpread 
are not to be too much confidered. 
The feafon of fhrubs flowering and leafing is a material 
point to provide for, by a proper diftribution, that there 
may be a difference of decoration every month, in every 
part. And in this bufinefs, an equally-diverlified mix¬ 
ture of the ever-green and deciduous forts, is neceffary 
to be obferved. As to the proportion of this mixture, it 
will depend entirely upon tafle, and the opportunity of 
procuring the fort. A regularity in planting fhrubs is 
ever to be avoided, except juft in the front, where there 
fhould always be fome low ones, and a border for flowers, 
chiefly of the fpring, as fumnrer ones are apt to be drawn 
up weak, if the fluubbery-walks are not very wide. The 
flowers fhould be of the lowed growth, and rather bul¬ 
bous-rooted. In open fhrubberies an edging of llrawber- 
ries is proper, and the hautboy preferable, On account of 
•Its fuperior fhow when in flower; but in thefe fituations 
the wood-ltrawberry is more commonly planted, as it will 
produce fruit with lefs fun and air than any other fort. 
For fences about a plantation, the laurel, yew, and holly, 
have been, for many years, the principal ever-greens; the 
former as a lofty and open fence, the fecond as clofe and 
moderate in height, and to be cut to any thing, the laftr 
as trainable by judicious pruning to an impregnable and 
beautiful liedgs. Deciduous divifions are beft made with, 
the frnall-leaved elm, or the hop-hornbeam, as they are 
tonfile, and of a peculiar neat foliage to the very bottom. 
If a lofty hedge is wanted, the beech makes a good one. 
AROMATIC HERBS and PLANTS. 
Aromatic herbs and plants are particularly to be at¬ 
tended to; for, though their fragrance does not equal 
many of the flowers, yet their utility is much greater. 
They are divided alfo into annual, biennial, and triennial. 
Of the firlt kind are: Mentha, or mint; Mentha, or 
penny-royal; Melifla, or balm; Anethnm, or fennel; 
Tanacetum, ortanfey; Artemifia, or tarragon ; Anthemis, 
or chamomile; Mentha, or peppermint; Ligufticum, or 
lovage. 
Of the fecond kind are: Origanum, or fweet marjoram 
Satureja, or fummer favory ; Scandix, or chervil; Ane- 
thum, or dill; Calendula, or marigold ; Ocimum, or 
bafil; Apium, or parfley; biennial, Carurn, or caraway ; 
Pimpinella, or anife; Angelica, angelica, biennial-pe¬ 
rennial. 
Of the third kind are : Thymus, or thyme ; Salvia, or 
fage; Satureja, or winter-favory; Origanum, or pot-mar¬ 
joram ; Origanum, or winter fweet marjoram; Hyflopus, 
orhyffop; Ruta, or rue; Rofmarinus, or rofemary; La- 
vendula, or lavender. The above have abiding tops, and 
continue furnifhed with leaves, in moll cafes, all the year 
round. 
Among the perennial kinds, the principal aromatics are 
thyme, fage, winter-faVory, marjorams, mint, penny¬ 
royal, tanfey, tarragon, and fennel. The, others are ufed 
moftly for domeftic occafions, as hyffop, balm, chamomile- 
flowers, lovage, rue, and rofemary. And for Ample me¬ 
dicinal purpofes in a family; the peppermint for diftil- 
lings; alfo the lovage and penny-royal occafionally for 
the fame purpofe; and the lavender for its flowers, both 
to diflil for lavender-water, and to lay among clothes to 
give them a fweet and agreeable fcent: fome lorts of fage, 
common mint, and balm, are alfo ufed occafionally by 
way of tea; and young green mint and tarragon often in 
lallads. But among the annual and biennial aromatics, 
the 
