H O R T I C 
the fweet marjoram, fummer-favory, chervil, dill, mari¬ 
gold, bafil, parfley ,tand coriander, are the powerful forts to 
cultivate for culpary ufes, &c. The caraway and anife 
are cultivated in fome inftances for feeds, both to ule in 
the kitchen, and for diftilling; alfo fometimes the corian¬ 
der-feed, but more generally the two former: and the an¬ 
gelica, principally for the young tender fhoots of.its ftalks 
which are ufed in confefiionary, to candy as a vegetable 
fweetmeat, and the feeds for medicine. Some of thefe an¬ 
nual aromatics are alfo in fome cafes ufed to give flavour 
to fallads, as chervil, coriander, bafil, Sec. the young leaves 
being ufed in fmall quantities to mix with fome principal 
fallad herbs. See the defeription of each under its fefpec- 
tive genus. 
All the perennial aromatics are eafily raifed, either by 
flips, offsets, parting the roots, or by feed ; and may be 
planted in fpring, fummer, or autumn, in beds or borders 
at from fix to ten or twelve inches afunder; but the an¬ 
nual and biennial kinds, continuing in the former only 
one feafon, and in the latter only till the fecond year, 
mull be raifed every year or two, from feed in the fpring, 
in any compartment of common earth in the open ground, 
except the bafil, which, being tender, muff be failed in 
hot-beds, in order to be tranfplanted in May or June ; 
mod of the others generally remain where fown in the 
natural ground, but may be occafionally tranfplanted, the 
fweet-marjoram and fummer-favory in June, &c. and like- 
wife the angelica, as being of large growth, in fummer. 
As fome of .thefe only afford their ufeful parts at parti¬ 
cular feafons, as mint, balm, penny-royal, tarragon, fweet - 
inarjoram, &c. they fhould be cut and preferved at fuch 
times for winter ufe, as about July and Auguft. But for 
the marigold, chamomile-flowers, and thole of lavender, 
as well as fage-tops, marjoram, hylfop, and fuch-like, 
which often hand the winter, autumn may be better, as 
they will then be ready in cafe of a fevere winter. Parfley 
generally furnifhes proper fupplies of green leaves all the 
year ; bafil and dill only in fummer ; chervil and corian¬ 
der principally in fummer and autumn, of the fpring and 
fummer fowings; or, if fome of each be alfo fown in Au- 
guli, they will continue green all the winter, but the cori¬ 
ander will require a little Droteftion in that feafon ; and the 
caraway, anife, and angelica, continue only in fummer and 
autumn. For a particular defeription of all known flow¬ 
ers, flowering fhrubs, and aromatic herbs, with engrav¬ 
ings of the mod beautiful and curious exotic kinds, and 
the mode of cultivation, fee under their generic names 
in this Encyclopaedia. 
MONTHLY WORK throughout the YEAR. 
JANUARY.—In this cold and dreary month, let every 
thing be done that the weather and circumftances will 
permit, in order to prepare for the work of next month, 
which, when it happens to be an open feafon, is a very 
important one to the early and fuccefsful produce of the 
garden. Proteft all things that need it from the froft. 
Turn and meliorate manure and compoft, and dung for 
hot-beds, and other purpofes. Trench and prepare the 
ground for the purpofes firft wanted. Prepare the beds 
for cucumbers towards the end of the month; and for 
forcing early radilhes, lettuces, ‘crefs, mu'ftard, carrots., See. 
FEBRUARY.—In this bufy month no time fhould be 
loft, that every thing may* be done in its earlieft feafon. 
The fkilful gardener is diffidently aware of this) yet in 
general the month of February is too much neglefted. It 
is now that l'ufficient ground fhould be got ready for plant¬ 
ing and lowing. Borders fhould be ilirred, dug, and drelfi- 
ed. Gravel-walks may be put in order. Hot-beds fhould 
be fully attended to for cucumbers, Sec. Wall-trees, but 
particularly grape-vines, fhould now.be pruned. Sow cu¬ 
cumbers, melons, peale, the early hotfpur. Beans, the 
early mazagans. Radilhes, on heat and in beds. Let¬ 
tuces, on heat or not. Small fallading under the frames, 
or on a warm border. Cabbages, the fugar-loaf forts ; or 
if early ones are wanted, fow the Yorkfhire fort on heat. 
Savoys, onions, leeks, parfley, fpinach, carrots, on heat or 
U L T U R E. 407 
not. Parfnips, celery, kidney-beans on heat, cauli¬ 
flowers on heat. Plant horfe-radifh, garlic, rocambole, 
fhalots, cives, mint on heat; potatoes, early forts, on 
heat and in warm borders. Vines, wall, efpalier, and 
ftandard, fruit-trees, foreft-trees, and deciduous fhrubs, if 
the feafon prove mild, may now be planted. Trees and 
fhrubs may now be propagated by grafting, by fuckers, 
layers, and cuttings. Sow alfo kernels, ftones, and feeds, 
of fruit, on fine well-broke earth ; providing for exotics 
a little heat, &c. 
MARCH.—-The firft week in this month, like the laft 
in February, is of the utmoft importance to the good gar¬ 
dener, and muff be made the belt ufe of by thofe who 
would have things in good feafon, and be well furnifhed 
for the fummer. This is, in ftiort, the univena] feed¬ 
time. Order and neatnefs in the pleafure-ground, as well 
as garden, are now alfo principal objefts. Grafs-plats 
and gravel-walks fhould now be put in order. Weeding 
fhould be begun, and thefe enemies to good culture nip- 
'ped in the bud. Afparagus-beds now carefully fork, and 
dref's. Strawberry-beds, weed, (fir the mould, and drefs. 
Artichokes, drefs towards the end of the month. Earth- 
up your peafe, beans, and whatever elfe needs it. Stick 
peafe in time, and ftop them, or not. Graft for fruit- 
trees; but apples towards the end of the month. Prune 
wall-trees without delay, but firft vines.' Hot-beds care¬ 
fully attend, and prepare new ones. Prick out cauliflow¬ 
ers, cabbages, lettuces, &c. Sow cauliflowers, favoys, 
onions. See. radilhes, the fpindle-rooted; lettuces of all 
forts; fmall fallads. In the firft week, alexanders, afpa- 
ragus, beets, Hamburgh-parfley, fall'afy, fcorzonera, fkir- 
rets, finochio, red-cabbage, turnip-radi'fhes. Second and 
third weeks turnips, on heat, and in open ground, and 
kidney-beans on heat, or a warm border. Laft week, 
brocoli, early purple. Nafturtiums, capficums, love-ap¬ 
ples, herbs of all forts; ftrawberries, particularly the al- 
pines. Plant potatoes, and Jerufalem artichokes, and 
other things as laft month. 
APRIL.—If by unfavourable weather, or any means, 
the early fpring-cropping of the-ground has been pre¬ 
vented, make no delay to finilh, and to get the garden 
into a complete ftate of cultivation. As this month is 
the opening of fpring, rake and clean up all parts neatly. 
Turf fhould now be laid, and edgings of the borders 
put in order. Finilh pruning and grafting. Make hot¬ 
beds in due time for fruiting cucumbers, melons, ten¬ 
der annuals, Sec. Peafe, earth-up, and ftick before they 
droop. Beans in bloflom, crop the tops, and earth-up 
firmly. Prick out celery, and plants of every kind when 
fit. Sow as foon as poffible, what was omitted in the 
laft month. Then, falfafv, fcorzonera, pompions, and 
gourds. Late favoys, and cauliflowers, boorcole, brocoli, 
and Bruflels-fprouts. Chou-milan; chardons; kidney- 
beans ; cabbages, chiefly the large fugar-loaf. Herbs, 
culinary and medicinal. Nafturtiums, bafil, on h^at. 
Provide alfo fuccefuon-crops of cucumbers and melons. 
Peafe, large and fmall. Beans, the broad forts. Carrots, 
turnips, celery, lettuces, finochio, fpinach, radilhes, fmall 
fallading, and onions to draw young. Plant afparagus, 
artichokes, lettuces, chives, garlic, rocambole, and fha¬ 
lots, firft week. Cabbages, early and late; cauliflowers; 
kidney-beans that have been railed on heat; potatoes for 
a full crop. 
MAY.—In this charming month we gather vegetables 
that have flood the winter, and been the care of the pre¬ 
ceding months, with fome of the early produfls of fpring 
all’o : thus it is the hope and fruition.-of reward that 
fweetens labour. Therefore, let neatnefs be purfued 
throughout the garden ; deftroy the weeds every where, 
by the hand or hoe. Water, if dry weather, new-plantecf 
trees, fhrubs, and flowers, ftrawberries, cauliflowers, Sc c. 
Thin all forts of feedling crops. Prick out lettuces, ce¬ 
lery, brocoli, boorcole, cauliflowers, favoys, cabbages, 
leeks, See. Earth-up potatoes, peafe, beans, cabbages, ce¬ 
lery, Sec. Prepare frefh hot-beds for cucumbers and me- 
3 Ions. 
