41 & 
HORTIC 
and be dry; the fuel alfo may be laid in the fame died, fo 
as always to be ready for ufe. The wall on the back 
part_of the houfe fhould be either laid over with ftucco, or 
plaftered with mortar and white-wafhed, to keep out the 
1'roft, which will penetrate through the walls, efpecially 
when it is attended with a drong wind. 
To prevent froft from penetrating through the roof, 
reeds, heath, or furze, fhould be laid between the veiling 
and the-fate, with which thefe kind of buildings, from 
its harmonizing fo perfectly with the canopy of Nature,' 
fhould universally be covered. And care fhould be taken, 
in framing the joints, that the weight may not lie upon 
the ceiling ; for they fhould be laid a foot thick at l’eaft, 
as fmooth as poffible, and fattened down well with laths 
to prevent their rifing, and then covered over with a coat 
of hair-mortar, which will keep out the air, and alfo pre¬ 
vent mice and other vermin from harbouring in them, 
which, if,left uncovered, they would certainly do. 
In the green-houfe there fhould be erefled ftages, fo as 
to place the pots or tubs of plants in regular rows one 
above another, whereby the heads of the plants may be fo 
fituated, as not to interfere with each other. The lowed; 
row of plants, or forwarded: towards the windows, diould 
be placed about four feet from them, tliat there may be a 
convenient breadth left next the glades to walk in front; 
and the row's of orange-trees diould rife gradually from 
the fird:, in fuck a manner that the heads of the lecond 
row diould be entirely advanced above the fil'd, the Items 
only being hid ; and at the back of the houfe there diould 
be allowed a fpace of at lead five feet, for the conveniency 
of watering the trees, and to admit a current of air round 
them, that the damps occafioned by the perforation of 
the plants may be the better diflipated, which by being- 
pent in too clofely often occafions a mouldinefs upon the 
tender fhoots and leaves ; and, when the houfe is clofe fhut 
up, this dagnating rancid vapour is often very dedruftive 
to the oranges; for which reafon alfo they diould never be 
crowded too clofe to each other, nor diould fucculent 
plants ever be placed among them. For the natural bif- 
tory and different lpecies of the orange-tree, lemon, ci¬ 
tron, &c. and method of culture, fee the article Citrus, 
vol. iv. p. 625-631, and the correfpondent Engravings. 
The plants are ufually put into the green-houfe in Oc¬ 
tober, or as foon as the morning and evening frods begin 
to come on. In this fituation they remain till the end of 
May or the middle of June, according to the feafon, when 
they are removed to the place where they are to ftand 
through the fummer. Much of their growth and fuccefs 
depends upon the choice of a dieltered and convenient 
fituation for them at this feafon ; it mud not be expofed 
to the meridian fun, nor to the wed or north winds, both 
which are extremely hurtful to them when fil'd expofed, 
and again in the autumn. Here they mud be refrefhed 
with frequent waterings, in dry weather at lead three 
times a-week. Before the plants are removed out of the 
green-houle, it is necedary to fliift at lead all the fmall 
plants ; that is, to take them out of their pots, to cut off 
part of their roots round the ball of earth, and to put them 
again into the fame pot, if the plant is not in a healthy 
date; or, if it is, into one a fize larger; fhortening the ir¬ 
regular fide-brar.ches as they may require, and tying them 
up neatly. The mould into which the plants are to be 
drifted is . of Confiderable importance. The bed is to be 
obtained from commons where fheep and cattle pafture, 
particularly in low dieltered places, where the fined grafs 
grows, and the foil is deeped. A foot of the top foil 
with the turf may be taken off; and, if it be a fandy or 
hazel loam, it will do alone; but, if it be a drong loam, 
fome fand and black peaty or moorifh foil (hould be added. 
Such foils, laid in a heap for at lead fix of the winter 
months, and frequently turned over, will l'uit mod green- 
houle plants. 
Aloesy mefem’oiyanthemuins, ixias, and fuch liliaceous 
plants in general as are inhabitants of exotic h'oufes cwid 
glafs-cafes, require a foil which is a degree lighter, and 
3 
U L T U R E. 
which will not retain the water, but let it pafs readily; 
and a little coal-alhes at the bottom of each p<?t may be 
ufeful for this purpofe. The great number of ericas, and 
other beautiful plants from the Cape of Good Hope, from 
America, and Botany Bay, delight and flourilh in that 
fort of earth which comes nearelC. to their native foil. 
Thus the ericas like a black peat or moorilh foil; and the 
others that which is made a degree dronger with loam. 
Thus the green-houfe, by the introduction of the Cape 
and American plants, and the addition of a due, as above 
direfted, came to anfwer the joint purpofes of a green- 
houfe and confervatory ; and hence they have been gene¬ 
rally confidered as fynonymous terms. Their effential 
difference, however, is this. In the green-houfe, the trees 
and plants are either in tubs or pots ; and are placed on 
Hands or dages through the winter, till they are removed 
into fome dieltered fituation abroad, for the fummer. In 
the confervatory, the ground-plan is ufually laid out in 
beds and borders, made up of the bed compolitions of 
foils that can be procured, three or four feet in depth, 
for exotics of a more delicate nature, or brought from dill 
milder or warmer climes. In thefe the dirubs and trees 
are regularly planted, in the fame manner as hardy plants 
are in the open air. Indead of taking out the plants in 
fummer, as in the green-houfe, the whole of the glafs roof 
is taken off, when the lalubrity of the feafon will per¬ 
mit, and the plants are expofed to the open air; and at 
the approach of the autumnal frods the lights are again put 
on, and remain fo till the May or June following. 
One part of the confervatory may be appropriated to 
fuch plants as come from Africa, New South Wales, and 
the like climates ; and require what is called a dry dove. 
Another part may have a bark-bed, for plants from the 
Ead and Wed Indies, which require a tan-heat to plunge 
the pots in, and a greater degree of fire to keep up the 
heat of the dove to within a few'degrees of that of their 
native climate. Thus plants from almod every part of 
the world, of the greated beauty and fragrance, though 
of a tender and delicate nature, may, by appropriate care 
and attention, be made ornaments to our Englifh gardens, 
through the medium of a confervatory. In the late inge¬ 
nious Mr. Miller’s plan, the confervatory is ereCled with 
wings, one facing the fouth-ead, and the other the fouth- 
wed. In thefe are ereCied his doves; the bark-dove fac¬ 
ing the fouth-ead, and the dry dove facing thefouth-wed ; 
that from the time of the fun’s fird appearance upon any 
part of the building, until it goes off at night, it is con- 
dantly reflected from one part to the other, and the cold 
winds are alfo kept off from the front of the centre build¬ 
ing. In the area many of the more tender exotic plants 
are placed in the fummer feafon; and in thefpring, before 
the plants can be Jet out, the beds and borders of this 
area may be filled with anemonies, ranuncuiufes, early 
tulips, &c. In the centre of this area may be a lmall ba- 
fon of water, which will be very convenient for watering 
the plants, not only on account of its nearnefs, but be- 
paule the water will be foftened and warmed by the re¬ 
flection from the glades. 
The wing facing the fouth-ead is always to be preferred 
for the bark-dove, becaufe the fun, at its fird appearance 
in the morning, fhines direftly upon the fames, and, 
warming the air of the houfe, gives new life to the plants, 
after the long nights of the winter feafon. In thefe 
buildings alfo, if there are not flieds running behind them 
their whole length, the walls lhould not be lels than three 
bricks thick ; and if they are even more it will be better, 
becaufe, where the walls are thin and expofed to the. open 
air, the cold will penetrate; and, when the fires are made, 
'■the heat will efcape through the walls ; fo that it will re¬ 
quire a larger quantity of fuel to maintain a proper tem¬ 
perature of warmth in the houfe ; hence, in general, the 
clofer and better thefe houfes are built, the lels fuel will 
be required to warm them. 
The condrucricn of thefe buildings has of late years 
been very much improved ; and their fcite more happily 
chofen. 
