H O S 
H O S 
is in him. If he has no college or common leal, he may 
have a juris utrum. Co. Lit. 341. 
Any perfon foiled of an eftate in fee-finiple may by 
deed enrolled in chancery ereft and found an hofpital for 
the fuftenance and relief of the poor, to continue for ever; 
and place luch heads therein as he lhall think fit; and 
fuch hofpital lhall be incorporated, and fubject to fuch 
vifitors as the founder lhall nominate ; alfo fuch corpo¬ 
rations have power to take and purchafe lands not exceed¬ 
ing two hundred pounds per annum, fo as the fame be 
not holden of the king ; and to make leafes for twenty- 
one years, referving the accuftomed yearly rent; but no 
hofpital is to be erected unlefs upon the foundation it be 
endowed with lands or hereditaments of the clear yearly 
value of ten pounds per annum. Stat. 39 Eliz. c. 5 ; made 
perpetual by flat. 21 Jac. I. 
It has been adjudged upon this ftatute, that if lands 
given to an hofpital be at the time of the foundation or 
endowment of the yearly value of two hundred pounds or 
under, and afterwards they become of greater value by 
good hulbandry, accidents, See. they lhall continue to be 
enjoyed by the hofpital, although they be above the yearly 
value of two hundred pounds. And goods and chattels, 
real or perfonal, may be taken of what value foever. 
2 Injl. 722. And if one give his land, then worth ten 
pounds a-year, to maintain poor, &c. and the land after 
comes to be worth a hundred pounds a-year, it mull all 
of it be employed to increafe their maintenance, and none 
of it may''be converted to private ufe. 8 Rep. 130. But 
the founder cannot ereft an hofpital for years, lives, or 
any other limited time, but it mult be for ever , according 
to the ftat. 39 Eliz. c. 5. 
The Hat. 43 Eiiz. c. 4. under which commifiions may 
be awarded to certain perfons to enquire of lands or goods 
given to hofpitals, and the lord chancellor is empowered 
to ilfue commifiions to commiflioners for enquiring by a 
jury, of all grants, abufes, breaches of trull, See. of lands 
given to charitable ufes, does not extend to lands given 
to any college or hall in the univerfities, &c. nor to any 
hofpital over which fpecial governors are appointed by 
the founders ; and it lhall not be prejudicial to the jurifi- 
didlion of the bilhop or ordinary, as to his power of in¬ 
quiry into and reforming abufes of hofpitals, by virtue of 
the ftat. 2 Hen. V. c. x. Thefe commifiioners may order 
houfes to be repaired, by thole who receive the rents; fee 
that the lands be let at the utmoft rent; and on any te¬ 
nant’s committing walle, by cutting down timber, they 
may decree fatisfaftion, and that the leafe lhall be void. 
Hil. 1 1 Car. Where money is kept back, and not paid, or 
paid where it Ihould not, they have power to order the 
payment of it to the right ufe; and, if money is detained 
in the hands of executors, Sec. they may decree the mo¬ 
ney to be paid, with damages for detaining it. q.Rcp. 104. 
The hofpital of St. Crofs, near Winclielter, and feveral 
other large hofpitals, w’ere anciently founded by particu¬ 
lar ftatutes, oraftsof parliament. And Charles I. granted 
to the mayor and commonalty of London the keeping of 
Bethlem hofpital, and the manors and lands belonging to 
it. Alfo the hofpital in London for foundling children, 
is placed under the care of governors and guardians, who 
may purchafe lands or tenements to the value of four 
tlioufand pounds a-year; and they are to receive as many 
fuch children as they think fit, which may be brought to 
the hofpital, and ftuill there be bred up and employed, or 
placed apprentice' to any trade, or the fea-fervice, the 
males till the age of twenty-four, and the females till 
twenty-one. See flats.. 13 Geo. II. c. 32. 29 Geo. II. c. 29. 
13 Geo. III. c. 82. 
HOS'PITAL (Michael de P), an illuftrious chancellor 
of France, born in 1505, at Agueperfe, in Auvergne. He 
ftudied the law in the molt celebrated univerfities of 
France and Italy, and at the fame time diftinguifhed him- 
felf by his proficiency in polite literature. He was made 
one of the auditors or the rota at Rome, which he quitted 
to follow the law-courts in Paris. He paffed through the 
Vol. X. No. 672. 
401 
offices of counfellor of parliament, ambaffador from the 
king to the council of Trent when transferred to Bologna, 
preiident in the chamber of accounts, mafter of requefts, 
counfellor in the great council, and chancellor to Mar¬ 
garet duchefs of Savoy, filter of Henry II. continually 
riling in the public efteern for his abilities and integrity. 
He was the principal author of the edict of January 1562, 
which allowed freedom of worfhip to the Proteftants. His 
harangues on this occafion rendered him much fufpeefed 
by the Catholics, and odious to the court of Rome, and 
all his firmnefs and dexterity were necelfary to fupport 
the meafure. At length, when the court had come to a 
refolution of exterminating the reformed religion by vio¬ 
lence, ITIofpital found himfelf looked upon with fo 
much fufpicion, that he anticipated his difmiflion by a 
voluntary retreat. In 1568, having retired to his country- 
feat near Eftampes, he received an order to refign the 
feals, with which he readily complied. The pleafures of 
the country, the converfation of a few feleft friends, and 
the compofition of Latin poetry, caufed his time to pafs 
agreeably, and he acknowledged that he had never been 
fo happy as now that .he was freed from cares of ftate. 
Here he died in 1573, at the age of fixty-eight. The re¬ 
form in legiflation introduced by the chancellor l'Hofpi- 
tal was a lading benefit to his country, for which his me¬ 
mory is held in the higheft honour by the prefident He- 
nault, and other enlightened patriots. It was comprifed 
in various ordonnances, particularly that of Moulins in 
1566, and embraced a great variety of objefls. Among 
the reft, -was the alteration of beginning the civil year 
with January ill, inftead of the former epoch of Ealtem 
His writings are: 1. Latin Poems, feveral times printed, 
the laft edition being of Amfterdam, 8vo. 1732. 2. Ha¬ 
rangues before the States of Orleans. 3. Memoirs; con¬ 
taining Treaties of Peace, Appanages, Marriages, Recog¬ 
nitions, and other public Papers. 4. A Difcourfe in Fa¬ 
vour of Peace, printed in a collection of hiltorical pieces, 
1623. 5. His Teftament. His eulogy was made a prize- 
fubjeft by the French Academy in 1777 ; and his ftatue 
in marble was erefted by Louis XVI. 
HOS'PITAL (William-Francis-Anthony de P, mar¬ 
quis de Ste. Meme), a celebrated French mathematician, 
born in 1661. His genius for mathematical purfuits dif- 
covered itfelf at a very early period ; for being prefen t at 
the duke de Rohan’s, when M. Arnauld and fome other 
able geometricians were fpeaking of a problem of M. Paf- 
cal’s, which appeared to them very difficult, he ventured 
to fay that he believed he could fohve it. They were fur- 
prifed at fuch prelumption in a boy of fifteen, for he was 
then no more ; however, in a few days afterwards, he fent 
them the folution. When he was thirty-two years c.f 
age, he diftinguifhed himfelf by the folution of problems, 
drawn from the deepeft geometry, which had been pro- 
poled to the mathematical world by John Bernouilii, and 
in the ACls of Leipfic., In the year 1693, he was received 
an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences at Pa¬ 
ris; and from that time, for feveral years, both the jour¬ 
nals of France, and thofe of foreign countries, were en¬ 
riched by his folutions of difficult problems. He was the 
firft perfon who wrote in France on the fubjeft of New¬ 
ton’s Analyfis, and on this account was regarded almoft 
as a prodigy. His work was entitled, VAnalyfe des Infijii- 
mens Petits, 1696. Thefuccefs which this work met with, 
engaged him to exercife his genius on the production of 
another mathematical performance, in which he included 
Les Sedlions Coraques , les Lieux Geometriques, la Conjlruclion des 
Equations, et une Thcorie des Courbcs Meckamqucs. A little 
before this work was ready for the prefs, the author was 
attacked by a fever, which carried him off, in 1704, when 
only forty-three years of age. In 1707, his laft-mentioned 
work was publilhed in 4to. 
HOS'PITAGE, f. [from kofpitiwn, Lat.] The duty of 
a guelt to his hoft: 
That his ungentle hoft 11’ote him appeach 
Of vile ungentlenels or hefpitages breach. Spenfr. 
5 P HOSPITALTTY. 
