440 
HUD 
HUD 
prudently dropt threats of fetting fonie of the men on 
fhore. The mutineers anticipated him by entering his 
cabin in the night, tying his hands behind him, and put¬ 
ting him on fhore at the weft end of the ftraits, in his 
fhallop, with* eight of thofe moft attached to him, who 
were in general lick and infirm. One of thefe was his 
own fon. As they were never more heard of, there is 
no doubt that they were either fwallowed up by the waves, 
or perifhed through hardfhip. Had they been prelerved 
by the natives, there is little doubt but a remnant might 
have lived, or their children’s children, to have given an 
account of their fublequent diftreffes. 
HUD'SON (John), a learned philologift, born in 1662, 
at Widehope, near Cockermouth. Alter a preparatory 
education in his own neighbourhood, he was admitted, 
at the age of fourteen, into Queen’s college, Oxford. He 
took the degree of M.A. in 1684, and loon after removed 
to Univerfity college, of which he was chofen a fellow in 
1686. . In 1701, he was elected head keeper of the Bod¬ 
leian library, againft the competition of'the. learned Wal¬ 
lis, afterwards Arabic profefior. In the fame year he re¬ 
ceived the degree of D. D. In 1712 he was made prin¬ 
cipal of St. Mary-hall; and now he meritorioufly em¬ 
ployed the advantages of his fituation in editing leveral 
of the moft valuable authors of antiquity. Of thefe the 
following lift is given : 1. Velleius Paterculus, 8vo. 1693. 
2. Thucydides, folio, 1696. 3. Geographies Vetcris Scriptores 
Grwci Min. 4 vols. 8vo. 1763-1712. 4. Dionyfius Halicar- 
naJJ. 2 vols. folio, 1704. 5. Longinus, opto. 1710, 8vo. 1718. 
6. Mcsris Atticijla de Vocibus Atticis. 7. Gregorius Martinus 
de Grac. Pronunt. 8vo. 1712. 8. Fabularum Afopicarum 
Collett. 8vo. 1718. 9. Jofephi Oper, 2 vols. folio, 1720, a 
pofthumous work, publiflied by his friend Antony Hall. 
Thefe editions are valued for their elegance and cor- 
reftnefs. He alfo affifted Hearne in feveral of his editions, 
and contributed his aid to other learned works at Oxford. 
Dr. Hudfon never polfefled any eccleiiallical preferment, 
and died at St. Mary-hall, in November 1719. 
HUD'SON (William), an eminent Englifh botanift, 
native of Welfmoreland, born about 1730. He had an 
appointment in the Britifh Mufeum; and was a fellow of 
the Royal Society. He died of a paralytic diforder in 
May 1793. His Flora Anglica firfl appeared in 1762, in 
one volume oftavo. The Latin preface w\as written by 
his friend Mr. Stillingfleet. The work was received with 
great applaufe, and principally contributed to the preva¬ 
lence of the fexual iyftem of botany in England. A 
fecond edition in two volumes octavo, was publiflied in 
177 8. 
HUDSON’S BAY, a large bay of North America, ly¬ 
ing between fifty-one and iixty-nine degrees-of latitude, 
dilcovered by the intrepid navigator Henry Hudfon, as no¬ 
ticed above; extending from lat. 42. 20. N. Ion. 78. 95. W. 
Greenwich. After the unfortunate and hard fate of Mr. 
Hudfon, other attempts tow'ards further difeoveries were 
made in 1612 and 16675 and a patent for planting the 
country, with a charter for a company, was obtained in 
the year 1670. In 1/46 captain Ellis wintered as far 
north as fifty-leven degrees and a half; and captain Chrif- 
topher attempted-a more extenlive voyage in 1761. But 
befides thefe, and later voyages, which fatisfy us that we 
mult not look for a paflage on this fide of the latitude 
fixty-feven degrees north, we are indebted to theHudlon’s 
Bay Company for a journey by land, which throws much 
additional light on this matter, by affording what may be 
called demonftration, how much farther north, at leaft in 
fome parts of their voyage, (flips rnuft go, before they can 
pal's from one fide of America to the other. The north¬ 
ern Indians, who come down to the company’s factories 
to trade, had brought to the knowledge of our people a 
river, which, oi; account of much copper being found near 
it, had obtained the name of the Copper-mine river; and 
Mr. Hearne, a young gentleman in the company’s fervice, 
had orders to iurvey it, if poflible, quite down to its exit 
into the fea ; and, to make obfervations for fixing the la¬ 
titudes and longitudes. See the article Copper-mine 
River, vol. v. p. 178. 
Mr. Hearne’s journey back from the Copper-mine river 
to Churchill, the company’s fadlory at Hudfon’s Bay, 
lalted till June 30, 1772; fo that he was abfent almoft a 
year and feven months. The unparalleled liardlhips he 
l'ufFered, and the eflential fervice he performed, met with 
a fuitable reward from his employers, and he was made go¬ 
vernor of Prince of Wales’s Fort on Churchill-river. But, 
though the adventurers failed in the original purpofe for 
which they navigated this bay, their projedf has been of 
great commercial advantage to this country by the fur- 
trade. See the article Fur, vol. viii. p. 124-128. 
The country lying round Hudfon’s Bay is called New 
Britain, or the country of the Elquimaux ; comprehend¬ 
ing Labrador, now New North and South Wales. The 
entrance of the bay from the ocean, after leaving to the 
north Cape Farewell and Davis’s Srfaits, is between Re- 
folution ifles on the north, and Button’s ifles on the La-* 
brador coaft to the fouth, forming the eaftern extremity 
of the ftraits difiinguifhed by the name of its great dif- 
coverer. The coafts are very high, rocky, and rugged, in 
fome places precipitous, but fometimes exhibit large 
beaches. The ifles of Salifbury, Nottingham, and Digges, 
are alio very lofty and naked. ^The depth of water in the 
middle of the bay is a hundred and forty fathoms. From 
Cape Churchill to the fouth end of Hudfon’s bay are re¬ 
gular foundings; near the fhore fhallow, with muddy or 
landy bottom. To the north of .Churchill the foundings 
are irregular, the bottom rocky, and in fome parts the 
rocks appear above the furface at low watdr. From Moofe 
river at the bottom of the bay to Cape Churchill the land 
is flat, marfhy, and wooded with pines, birch, larch, and 
willow's. From Cape Churchill to Wager’s Water the 
coafts are high and rocky to the very fea, and woodlefs, 
except the mouths of Pockerekefo and Seal rivers. The 
hills on their back are naked, nor are there any trees for 
a great diftance inland. The mouths of all the rivers are 
filled with ihoals ; except that of ghurchill, in which the 
largeft lhips may lie ; but ten miles higher, the channel 
is obltructed with land-banks ; and all their rivers, as far 
as has been navigated, are full of rapids and catarafts 
from ten to fixty feet in perpendicular height. Down 
thefe rivers the Indian traders find a quick paflage ; but 
their return is a labour of many months. As far inland 
as the company have fettlements, which is fix hundred 
miles to the w'elt, at a place called Hudfon Houfe, is flat 
country ; nor is it known how far to the ealtward the 
great chain feen by our navigators from the Pacific Ocean 
branches off. 
The climate even about Hayes’s river, in only lat. 57, is 
during winter exceflively cold. The fhows begin to fall 
in October, and continue falling by intervals the whole 
winter; and when the froft is moft rigorous, in form of 
the fineft fand. The ice on the rivers is eight feet thick. 
Port-wine freezes into a folid mafs ; brandy coagulates. 
The very breath fell on the blankets of the beds in the 
form of a hoar froft, and the bed-clothes often -were 
found frozen to the wall. The fun rifes in the fliorteft 
day at five minutes palt nine, and fets five minutes before 
three. In the longeft day the fun rifes at three, and fets 
about nine. The ice begins to dilappear in May, and hot 
weather commences about the middle of June, which at 
times is fo violent as to fcorch the face of hunters. Thun¬ 
der is not frequent, but very violent. But there mult be 
great difference of heat and cold in this vaft extent, which 
reaches from lat. 50 40. to lat. 63. north. During winter 
the firmament is not without its beauties. Mock funs 
and halos are not unfrequent; they are very bright, and 
richly tinged with all the colours of. the rainbow. The 
fun rifes and lets with a large golden cone of bright light. 
The night is enlivened with the Aurora Borealis, which 
lpreads a tiioufaud different lights and colours over the 
whole 
