HUD 
v/hole concave of the Iky, not to be defaced even by the 
fplendour of tlie full moon ; while the ftars are of a fiery 
rednefs. 
The eaftern boundary of the bay is Terra di Labrador; 
the northern -part has a ftraight coaft facing the bay, 
guarded with a line of iflcs innumerable. A vafr bay, 
■called the Archiwinnipy Sea, lies within it, and opens into 
Hudfon’s Bay by means of Gulf Hazard, through which 
the beluga whales dart in great numbers. Here the com¬ 
pany had a fettlement for the fake of the fifhery, and lor 
trading with the Efquimaux : but deferted it as unpro¬ 
fitable about the year 1758. See the article Labrador. 
The eallern coaft is barren paft the efforts of cultivation. 
The furface is every where uneven, and covered with 
malfes of ftone of an amazing fize. It is a country of 
fruitlefs valleys and frightful mountains, fome of an afto- 
nifhing height; the firft W'atered by a chain of lakes, 1 
formed not from fprings but rain and fnow, fo chilly as 
to be productive of only a few fmall trout. The moun¬ 
tains have here and there a blighted (lirub, or a little mols. 
The valleys are full of crooked Hunted trees, pines, fir, 
birch, and cedars, or rather a fpecies of juniper. In lat. 60.. 
on this coaft, vegetation ceafes. The whole fhore, like 
that on the weft, is faced with iflands at fome diftance 
from land. The inhabitants among the mountains are 
Indians ; along the coafts Efquimaux. The dogs of the 
former are very fmall; of the latter large, and headed like 
a fox. Notwithftanding they have rein-deer, they never 
train them for the fledge; but apply the dogs to that ufe. 
Walrufes vifit a place called Nuchvunk, in lat. 60. during 
winter; from thence the natives purchafe the teeth with 
which they head their darts. Davis fufpected that he had 
found a paflage on this coaft, in 1586, to the Weltern 
Ocean ; but it proves no more than a deep bay. 
The laudable zeal of the Moravian clergy induced them 
to fend, in 1752, .miflionaries from Greenland to this 
country. They fixed on Nifbet’s harbour for their fettle- 
rnent; but the firft party was either killed, or driven away. 
In 176+, under the protect ion of our government, ano¬ 
ther attempt was made. The miflionaries were well re¬ 
ceived by the Efquimaux, and we hear from fome very re¬ 
tent accounts, that the million now goes on with fuccel's. 
The animals of thefe countries are, the moofe-deer, 
flags, rein-deer, bears, tigers, buffaloes, wolves, foxes, 
beavers, otters, lynxes, martins, fquirrels, ermines, wild 
cats, and hares. The rein-deer pafs in vaft herds towards 
the north in OCtober, feeking the extreme cold. The 
male polar bears rove out at fea, on the floating ice, moil 
of the winter, and till June ; the females lie concealed in 
the woods, or beneath the banks of rivers, till March, 
when they come abroad with their twin cubs, and bend 
their courfe to the fea in fearch of their conforts. Num¬ 
bers are killed in their paflage; and thofe which are 
wounded ihow vaft fury, roar hideoufiy, and bite and 
throw up into the air even their own progeny. The fe¬ 
males and the young, when not interrupted, continue 
their w>ay to the fea. In June the males return to fliore, 
and by Auguft are joined by their conforts, with the 
cubs, by that time of a confiderable fize. The feathered 
races are, geefe, buftards, ducks, and all manner of wild- 
fowds. Indeed, multitudes of birds retire to this remote 
country, to Labrador and Newfoundland, from places 
moft remotely fouth, perhaps from the Antilles; and 
fome even of the moft delicate little fpecies. Moft of 
them, with numbers of aquatic fowls, are feen returning 
fouthward with their young broods, to more favourable 
climates. The favages in fome refpefts regulate their 
months by the appearance of thefe birds ; and have their 
goofe-month from the vernal appearance of geefe from 
the fouth. All the grous kind, ravens, cinereous crows, 
titmoufe, and Lapland finch, brave the feverelt winter; 
and feveral of the falcons and owls feek ftielter in the 
woods. Of filh, there are whales, morfes, feals, cod-fi(h, 
and a white filh preferable to herrings; and, in their ri¬ 
vers and frelh waters, pike, perch, carp, and trout. 
WOL. X. No. 674. 
HUD 411 
All the quadrupeds of thefe countries are clothed with 
a dole, foft, warm fur. In fummer there is here, as in 
other places, a variety in the colours of the feveral ani¬ 
mals ; when that feafon is over, which holds only for three 
months, they all affume the livery of winter, and every fort 
of beafts, and moft of their fowls, are of the colour of the 
fnow; every thing animate and inanimate is white. This 
is a furprifing phenomenon. But what is yet more fur- 
prifing, is, that the dogs aud cats from Britain that have 
been'carried into Hudfon’s Bay, on the approach of win¬ 
ter, have entirely changed their appearance, and acquired 
a much longer, fofter, and thicker, coat of hair, than they 
had originally. 
HUD'SON’s BAY COM'PANY. See the article Com¬ 
pany, vol. iv. p. 883. 
HUD'SON CIT'Y, a port of entry and poft-tovn of 
the American States, fituated in Columbia county, New 
York, on the eaft fide of Hudfon’s river, thirty miles fouth' 
by eaft of fjidbany, and 132 north of New York city. The 
limits of the corporation include a fquare mile, and its 
privileges as a port of entry extend no farther'. The 
city is laid out into large fquares, bordering on the river, 
with fpacious fteeets crofting each other at right angles. 
The inhabitants are plentifully and conveniently Tup- 
plied with water, brought to their cellars in wooden pipes, 
from a i'pnng two miles from the town. It has a large 
bay to the fouthward, and Hands'on an eminence, from 
which are extenfive and delightful views to the north- 
weft, north, and round to the fouth-eaft, coniifting of hills 
and valleys, variegated with woods and orchards, corn¬ 
fields and meadows, with the river, which is in moft places 
a mile over, and may be feen at a confiderable diftance 
to the northward, forming a number of bays and creeks. 
From the fouth-eaft to the fouth-weft the city is fereened 
with hills, at different diftances ; and weft afar oft', over 
the river and a large valley, the profpeft is bounded by 
a chain of llupendous mountains, called the Katts Kill, 
running to the weft-north-weft, which adds magnificence 
and fublimity to the whole l'cene. Hudfcn city is go¬ 
verned by a mayor, recorder, four aldermen, four aflift* 
ants, and other officers. The number of inhabitants in 
Hudfon’s townfhip, by the cenfus of 1790, amounted to 
2584; and it appears by the ftate cenfus of.1796, that 
338 of the inhabitants are eleftors: four miles fouth-weft 
of Claverack; forty-feven north of Poughkeeplie ; and 
forty-three fouth of Lanfinburg. 
HUD'SON’s POINT, a cape of the ifland of Antigua, 
on the fouth-eaft coaft. Lat. 17.10. N. Ion. 61.23. W. 
Greenwich. 
HUD'SON RIV ER, a river of the American States, 
Which pafles its whole courfe in the ftate of New York, 
and is one of the largeft and fineft rivers in the United 
States. It rifes in a mountainous country, between the 
lakes Ontario and Champlain. In its courfe louth-eafterly 
it approaches within fix or eight miles of lake George; 
then, after a fhort courie eaft turns foutherly, and receives 
the Sacondaga from the fouth-weft which heads in the 
neighbourhood of Mohawk river. The courfe of the ri¬ 
ver thence to New York, where it empties into York Bay, 
is very uniformly twelve fouth or fifteen weft. Its whole 
length is about 250 miles. From Albany to lake George 
is lixty-five miles.' This diftance, the river is navigable 
only for batteaux, and has two portages, occafioned by 
falls, of half a mile each. The banks of Hudfon’s river, 
efpecially on the weftern fide, as far as the highlands ex¬ 
tend, are chiefly rocky cliffs. The paflage through the 
highlands, which is iixteen or eighteen miles, affords a 
wild romantic feene. In this narrow pafs, on each fide 
of which tire mountains tower to a great height, the wind, 
if there be any, is collected and comprelfed, and blows 
continually as through a bellows; veifels, in palling through 
it, are often obliged to lower their fails. The bed of this 
river, which is deep and fmootli to an altonilhing diftance, 
through a hilly rocky country, and even through ridges 
of fome of tli.e high eft mountains in the United States, 
5 U nanft 
