HUN* 
the Mofelle, and the Nahe, belonging partly to the elector 
of Treves, the eleftor Palatine, and the prince of Heffe. 
HUNE (La), a bay on the fouth coaft of Newfound¬ 
land: ninety miles eaft: of Cape Ray. 
HU'NEFELD, a town of Germany, in the Upper Rhine, 
*md bifhopric of Fulda: eight miles north-ncrth-eaft of 
Fulda, and twenty-fix fouth-weft of Eifenach. 
HU'-NERWASSER, a town of Bohemia, in Bolcflau: 
ten miles north of Jung Buntzel. 
HUNG, the preterite and part, pajjf. of liana .—A room 
that is richly adorned, and hung round with a great va¬ 
riety of pictures, ftrikes the eye at once. Watts. 
A wife fo hung with virtues, fuch a freight, 
What mortal flioulders can fupport ? Drydcn. 
HUNGA'RIAN, adj. Belonging to the kingdom of 
Himgary. 
HUNGARIAN,/. A native of the kingdom of Hun¬ 
gary. 
HUN'GARY, a country fo denominated from the an¬ 
cient Huns, now forming a confiderable part of the Auf- 
trian Empire ; bounded on the north by Poland, from 
which it is feparated by the Carpathian mountains; on 
the eaft by Tranfilvania and Walachia ; on the fouth-by 
Sclavonia, from which it is feparated by the Drave and 
Servia; and on the welt by Moravia, Auitria Proper, and 
Stiria. In a more extenfive fenfe, Sclavonia, Dalmatia, 
Bofnia, Servia, Tranfilvania, Moldavia, and Walachia, 
are comprehended under the general name of Hungary. 
It appears that the moll ancient inhabitants of the weltern 
parts of Hungary, were Pannonians; of the northern, 
Jazygians. The Romans reduced Pannonia, and kept it 
almolt four hundred years, till, in the fourth century, the 
Vandals drove them out of it, and held it forty years; 
but, in 39 j, when they advanced towards Gaul, the Goths 
took polfelTion of their fettlements ; but thefe were alfo, 
in their turn, obliged to relign their new poffeftions to 
the Huns, who had likewife, in their turn, driven them 
from their ancient habitation. In the beginning of the 
fifth century, when headed by Attila, not to mention the 
more extenlive progrefs of their arms, the Huns fubdued 
all Pannonia, the two Thracias, part of Nifa, and the 
country of the Metanaftic Jazygians. After the death of 
Attila, the Gepideri aud the Goths, with the affiftance of 
the Romans, among other advantages, wrefted Dacia and 
Pannonia out of the hands of the Huns. In the year 888, 
the Huns, under the name of Hungarians, made another 
irruption into Pannonia, as auxiliaries to Arnulph empe¬ 
ror of the Welt, and Leo emperor of the Eaft, againlt the 
Bulgarians and Sclavonians, whom they reduced. They 
had feven commanders ; and Germany and Italy afterwards 
felt the terrible effeff of their ferocity. By degrees their 
manners took arnore civilized turn, and efpecially when, in 
the latter part of the tenth century their prince Geyfa em¬ 
braced the Chriftian religion. His fon Stephen, in 997, be¬ 
came the firft native king of Hungary, completed the efta- 
blilhment of the Chriftian religion, ereffed bifhoprics, ab¬ 
beys, and churches, annexed Tranfilvania as a province to 
Hungary, and at his death was canonized. After him fol¬ 
lowed a 1’ucce.ffion of twenty kings, natives of the country, 
of whom thefecond, by name Peter, put himfelf and king¬ 
dom under the protection of the emperor, Henry III. 
The eighth, Ladiflaus the Pious, enlarged his dominions 
with Sclavonia, Croatia, and Dalmatia, and was greatly 
efteemed by his people. The tenth, named Stephen III. 
by his marriage with a Polilh princefs, added the diftrift 
of Zip. The twelfth, Geyfa II. in the year 1154, in¬ 
vited the Saxons into Tranfilvania. The feventeenth, 
Andrew II. conferred great privileges on the nobility, 
and even empowered them to oppofe the king, if he 
fhould attempt any thing ■againlf the laws of the king¬ 
dom.. Andthis was not repealed till the year 1688. The 
nineteenth, Stephen, compelled the Bulgarians to pay 
him tribute: and the laid, Andrew III. died in 1301. 
On this followed a fucceffion of twelve foreign kings, of 
Vol. X. No. 676. 
HUN 4 63 
whom Louis I. in 1356, reunited to the kingdom the 
whole province of Dalmatia, which had been often at¬ 
tacked by the Venetians. In 1390, Sigifmund rendered 
Walachia and Moldavia, tributary to him. Matthias' con- 
quered Silefia and Moravia from the Bohemians. Under 
Uladiliaus II. thejus confuetudinarium,called tripartitum, 
took place; and Louis II. the laft of thefe kings, in 1516, 
fell in an unfuccefsful battle againlt the Turks, near 
Mohats. 
After the extermination of thefe two dynafties of kings, 
Hungary devolved to the houfe of Auitria, in-which, it 
continues to this day. In 1722, in a diet held at Pref- 
burg, the hereditary fucceflion in Hungary was To fee u red 
to the houfe of Auitria, that, in cafe of failure of male 
heirs, females Ihould be capable of holding the crown. 
The country, towards the north, is mountainous and 
barren ; the air is cold, but very healthy. Near the Da¬ 
nube the foil is level and fandy, the climate temperate, 
and the air moift. Farther to' the fouth are extenfive 
plains, exceedingly fertile; the climate is hot, and the 
air from the marlhes rendered moift and unwholefome. 
Hot days, with cold nights and intemperance, occafion. 
difeafes, particularly what is emphatically called'the Hun¬ 
garian fever; and the plague is frequently brought from 
Turkey. Neverthelefs, the country is altogether fuch as 
to have given rife to a proverb, which imports that life 
can only be enjoyed in Hungary ; this proverb is exag¬ 
gerated, but not altogether without foundation. The 
level country produces, abundantly, corn of every kind, 
excellent fruit, wines celebrated for their Itrength and 
goodnefs, legumes, hemp, alparagus, melons, faffron, to¬ 
bacco, &c. The forefts are beautiful, and the meadows 
feed numerous herds of cattle, of which the inhabitants 
yearly export more than 100,000 head. Horfes, buffaloes, 
aftes, mules, fheep, goats, and fwine, are bred, not onljr 
fufficient to fupply the wants of the inhabitants, bu£ 
form objects of commerce 5 chamois and deer are found 
in the forefts and mountains, and in fome places bears 
The rivers and ponds are well fupplied with fifn, and the 
woods with game. The fides of the mountains produce 
excellent wine, and within them are found gold, filver, 
iron, lead, quickfilver, antimony, orpiment, fulphur, vi¬ 
triol, rnarcafite, fait, falt-petre, load-ftone, different kind* 
of marble, alabafter, precious ftones, but inferior to thofe 
of the Eaft, a metal hardly known elfewhere, called by 
the Hungarians zinnopd, See. There are many mineral 
fprings, both warm and cold. The principal mountains 
are the Carpathian and Crapack. The chief rivers are 
the Danube, Waag, Gran, Theiffe, Temes, Drave, Raab, 
and Leitha. This kingdom, long wafted by war, is be¬ 
ginning to be populous. It has few large towns; all are 
ill built, and more or lefs filled with ruins. The inha¬ 
bitants are of various origin, Jazigians, Bohemians, Croats, 
Rafcians, Ruffians, Walachians, Vandals, Greeks, Jews, 
but the number of thefe is diminifhed, and Turks, which 
are principally a people wandering about as fmiths or 
muficians. Hungarians and Sclavonians are confidered 
as the only native inhabitants. 
The dodlrine of the reformation was at firft preached 
herewith fuccefs; but, in 1681, the Proteftants were inter¬ 
dicted from having more than'two churches in a county, 
fome of which include a hundred towns, and yet their 
number is greatly fuperior to the Roman catholics. The 
ltates of Hungary are divided into four clafles : to the 
firft belong the prelates, as the archbifhops, bifhops, ab¬ 
bots, and problts ; to the fecond clafs belong the great 
barons, waywodes, bans, or viceroys; to the third clafs' 
belong the gentry, and to the fourth, the royal free cities. 
The public revenues confift of contributions, cuftoms, 
mines and minerals, falt-works, which belong to the 
crown, royal demefnes, and efeheats. Thefe abundantly 
anfwer the expences of the court, and defence of the 
frontiers. The kingdom of Hungary can eafily raife an 
army of 100,000 men, of which 50,000 are in pay, and a 
like number is furuifegd by the provinces. The iafantry 
6 C are 
