.468 H U N 
rofemary; and which thence contains its oily and drong- 
fcented effence. The name eaii de la. reine d.Hongrie, feems 
to lignify that this water, fo celebrated for its medicinal 
virtues, is an Hungarian invention ; and we read in many 
books that the receipt, for preparing it was given to a 
queen of Hungary by a hermit. By often waihing with 
this fpirit of rofemary, when, in the feventieth year of her 
age, ihe was cured., as we are told, of the gout, and an 
univerlal lamenefs; fo that Ihe not only lived to pafs 
eighty, but became fo lively and beautiful, that fire was 
courted by the king of Poland, who was then a widower, 
and .who wiihed to make her his fecond wife. Beckmann. 
HTJN'GEN, a town of Germany, in the Upper Rhine, 
and county of Solms-Braunfels: nineteen miles ealt- 
fouth-eail of Braunfels, and fourteen fouth-eaft of Wetzlar. 
HUN'GERyyi [hungeju, Sax. honger, Dut.] Defire of 
food ; the pain felt from falling.—An uneal'y fenfation at 
/the Itomach for food. When the domach is empty, and 
the fibres in their natural tenfion, they draw up fo clofe 
as to rub againft each other, fo as to make that fenfation : 
but when they are diftehded with food, it is again removed ; 
unlefs when a perfon fafteth fo long as for want of fpirits, 
or nervous fluid, to have thofe fibres grow too flaccid to 
corrugate, and their we fay a perfon has faded away his 
itomach. Quincy. —Thou fhalt ferve thine enemies in hunger 
and in third. Deut. xxvii. 4.8.—The fub-acid part of the 
animal fpirits, being cad off by the lower nerves upon the 
coats of the domach,. vellicates the fibres, and thereby 
produces the lenfe we call hunger. Grew. —Any violent 
defire.—The immaterial felicities we expeft, do naturally 
fugged the neceffity of preparing our appetites and hun¬ 
gers for them, without which heaven can be no heaven to 
us. Decay of Piety. 
Hunger, according to Willis, is occafioned by acid 
effluvia, and vapours, aft'edting the animal fpirits in the 
left orifice of the domach, and its nerves ; and, by confent 
' of continuity, excited further by the internal coat of the 
itomach and the throat; an impreflion communicated to 
the brain, by which the animal fpirits are in like manner 
affected. Thus, when the domach is empty, or when we 
fad longer than ordinary, it is common to fay that the 
Itomach pinches us. But, as the liver is not at that time 
fuftained by the domach and intellines, it defeends by its 
own weight; and, principally by means of its middle li¬ 
gament, pulls the diaphragm along with it; it is in that 
place, therefore, that we have this uneafy fenfation, and 
not at the fuperior orifice of the Itomach, as has been ge¬ 
nerally thought. Some phyfiologifis have attributed hun¬ 
ger to the flimulus of the gadric juice; but their opinions 
have little foundation. The theory of Willis is purely 
hypothetical; and the fecond reds on an erroneous idea 
of the anatomy of the parts. The third is the mod plau- 
fible; but we have had reafon to think, that this fup- 
pofed powerful agent is only the remains of former meals. 
Dr. Gullen, with more reafon, attributes hunger to the 
uneafy contraction of this vifeus, when no longer dif- 
fended. It is evidently a fenfation peculiarly nervous, 
Tmce the greated defire of food at once vanifhes, if any 
caufe of grief, or of the other deprefling paflions, fliould 
fupervene. The firft effeft of fever, which we fhall find 
to proceed from a fudden debility of the fenforial power, 
has a fimilar eftedl. When animals die for want of food, 
their death is not direftly the confequence of hunger, but 
a. putrid fever, which is excited by the blood’s lofing its 
bland gelatinous confidence, fpr want of the ufual ne- 
ceffary l'upplies. 
Many cafes of hunger, or rather of a canine appetite, 
adonilh us with the quantity of food which fuch perfons 
are capable of confuming. In the year 1700, there lived 
at Stanton, feven miles from Bury, a labouring man, who 
for many days together had fuch an inordinate appetite, 
•that he would eat up an ordinary leg of veal, roaded, at 
'A meal. He would eat fow-thidles, and various other 
herbs, as greedily as cattle are wont to do; and all he 
®ould get was little enough to fatisfy his hunger. This 
H U N 
cafe is related by Dr. Boroughs,-, in the twenty-feconT vo¬ 
lume of the Philofophical Tranfaftions. But the mod 
extraordinary indance of hunger or canine appetite, which 
perhaps ever occurred, is that recorded in the third volume 
of the Medical and Phyfical Journal, communicated by 
Dr. Johnfon, commiflioner of lick and wounded teamen, 
to Dr. Blane, formerly phyfician to the navy. This hun¬ 
gry man was a Polifii foldier, named Charles Domery, in 
the fervice of the French, on-board the Hoche frigate, 
which was captured by fir J. Borlafe Warren, off Ireland, 
in 1799. He was twenty-one years of age, and dated 
that his father and brothers had been remarkable for their 
voracious appetites. His began when he was about thir¬ 
teen years of age. He would devour raw a*nd even live 
cats, rats, and dogs, befides bullock’s liver, tallow-can¬ 
dles, and the entrails of'animals. On September 7, 1799, 
an experiment was made of how much this man could 
eat in one day. This experiment u'as made in the pre¬ 
fence of the before-mentioned Dr. Johnfon, admiral Child, 
and Mr. Foder, agent for prifoners at Liverpool, and le- 
veral other gentlemen. He had breakfaded at four o'clock 
in the morning on four pounds of raw cow’s udddr; at 
half pad nine o’clock there were fet before him five pounds 
of raw beef, and twelve tallow candle's of one pound 
weight, together witlV one bottle of porter; thefe he 
finilhed by half pad ten o’clock. At one o’clock there 
were put before him five pounds more of beef, one pound 
of candles, and three bottles of porter. He was then locked 
up in the room, and fentries were placed at the windows 
to prevent his throwing away any of his provilions. At 
two o’clock he had nearly finiflied the whole of the can¬ 
dles, and great part of the beef; but without having had 
any evacuations by vomiting, dool, or urine; his Ikin. 
was cool, pulle regular, and fpirits good. At a quarter 
paft fix he had devoured the whole, and declared he could 
have eaten more. Thus the whole of what he ate in one 
day was fixteen pounds, befides five bottles of porter. 
The eagernefs with which this man attacked his beef 
when his domach was not gorged, refembled the voracity 
of a hungry wolf; he would tear off large pieces with? 
his teeth, roll them about his mouth, and then gulp 
them down. When his throat became dry from conti¬ 
nued exercife, he would lubricate it by dripping the 
greafe off a candle between his teeth; andthen, wrapping- 
up the wick like a ball, would fend it after the other part 
at a fwallow. He could make Ihift to dine on immenfe 
quantities of raw potatoes or turnips, but by choice 
would never tade bread or vegetables. He was in every 
relpefl healthy, fix feet three inches high, of a pale com¬ 
plexion, grey eyes, long brown hair, well made but thin, 
his countenance rather pleafant, and he was good tem¬ 
pered. His evacuation by the bowels was by no means 
proportioned to the quantity of food he devoured ; but 
his perfpirations were profufe, not only when in bed,Tut 
alfo when up and eating. To the pro fu lent Is of this 
evacuation, Dr. Johnfon and the other medicai gentlemen 
have aferibed the rapid diflipation of the ingeda, and his 
inceffant craving for frelh l'upplies of food. From the 
dilfedlion of forne perl'ons who have died under the in¬ 
fluence of a canine appetite, it appeared that a preter¬ 
natural enlargement of the pylorus had allowed the ali¬ 
ment to pafs into the infedines almolt as loon as fwallowed, 
and before the work of deglutition could be performed ; 
hence a conftant craving for more food. 
To HUM'GF.R, v.n. To feel the pain of hunger: 
Widely they gape, and to the eye they roar. 
As if they hunger’d for the food they bore. Cowley. 
To defire with great eagernefs; to long: 
Dod thou fo hunger for my empty chair. 
That thou wilt needs inveft thee with my honours, 
Before thy hour be ripe ? O foolifh youth, 
Thou leek’d the greatnels that will overwhelm thee! 
Stay but a little. Shakefpearc. 
HUN'GERBIT, or Hungerbitten, adj. Pained or 
weakened 
