£03 
H U S B 
and fatten, a ftieep will die with the rot 5 and fo again, 
where a flock will departure and flourilh, a herd of well- 
favoured kine would loon become lean and ill-favoured. 
Suppofe the farm to contain about three hundred acres, 
and a dock of from fix hundred to a thoufand flieep to be 
maintained upon it; ftill, if it has a little thare of water- 
meadow, which ufually happens, a few coarfe marlhy 
pieces, and a tolerably extenfive fucceflion of dry paftures, 
with a good common contiguous, where he will have a 
right to departure the herd in the proper feafon, there is 
no realon why a dairy of from twelve to twenty cows 
might not be decently fupported upon it. The queftion 
therefore is, What breed would do beft for the purpofe ?— 
We flaall not hefitate in ftrongly recommending the pure 
Welsh, which Ihould be judicioufly felefted, hot with- 
ftanding pains or expence. Thefe cows will live on one- 
third lefs than almoit any other ftock, keep themfelves 
fleek and handlbme, rarely turn barren, fatten each its 
own calf; arid when aged, or rendered by accident no 
longer fit for the fuckling-pens, will fatten with one l'um- 
mer’s runof grafs, and thus, without the fmalleft trouble, 
produce in the market probably more than twice her 
original Coft. It is alfo obferved of this breed, that they 
are in general good milchers; and though they appear to 
be but iinall cows, yet when fufficiently fatted will pro¬ 
duce a great (hare of tallow; and from their cloddinefs, 
rotundity, and compact form, will often reach weights 
far beyond the expectation of the butcher. 
For fuch a dairy of cows, a true-bred Suflex bull Ihould 
be procured to go with them. This crofs is of the. molt 
valuable kind, both for rearing ftock, and for the fuckling- 
pens. Whatever calves might fall between Chriltmas and 
the middle of March, Ihould be reared; thole which fall 
afterwards are of courfe to be fuckled. The young cat¬ 
tle are generally well-fovmed, healthy, and 'handiome; 
while the fucklers fatten kindly, and often reach great- 
weights. When the fucklmg lubfides, in November or 
December following, then the beft of the rniichers are 
(elected for a winter dairy, while the other cattle are 
turned dry. This circumlUnce becomes of conlide'rable 
advantage where a breeding flock is maintained; for the 
tags or young ewes of the Suflex breed are ufually very 
weakly with their firft lanffs; and do not always give 
down their milk for a day or two after they have yeaned; 
in which cafe, but lor the afliftance of a winter dairy, 
with which the Ihepherd fupflies the weakly lambs, and 
makes up for the deficiencies of their mothers, a great 
number of them would ineviubly be loft. 
Upon a farm of more exteifive pafture, with a larger 
ihare of water-meadow, and uenty of fodder to lupply 
the gates through the winter fi&fon, we Ihould probably 
recommend the red Sussex heed, in preference to the 
Wellh. Thefe are of a larger lze, nearly as hardy, and 
in general famous fucklers. Tiey are indeed preferred 
by many fanners, even where there is an equal paucity 
of feed, from the fuperior quantity and quality of their 
milk. For this dairy of cows, i long-horned or Lan- 
calhire bull Ihould be fele&ed, Well-bred, and of the 
Sargelt lize. We do not, howevei recommend this crofs 
to breed from, notwithstanding tls early calves rnuft be 
reared; but the farmer takes then to market in due 
feafon, while the fuckling-pens emjW his chief attention. 
Here the advantages of this crofs ire plainly manifeited 
in the fuperior bulk of the calves, irtheir fatting kindly, 
and in the great thicknefs or broadnfs acrols their loins, 
to which the broad white ftripe thatGenerally runs down 
their back gives a ftill greater appWance of ftrength 
and thicknefs. Thefe calves ul’ualy arrive at great 
weights, and are acceptable in the matet, from the iupe- 
rior whitenefs of the veal. When tie fuckling is over, 
the cows fuileft in milk may be turnei over to a winter 
dairy in aid of the flock, in top fare manner as the 
Wellh ftock noticed above. We do ncWeCommend thefe 
two breeds ef cattle from any fanciful pedflection of our 
own, nor from the whim or theory of \thers; but from 
4 N D R Y. 
the experience and obfervation of upwards of twenty years, 
exercifed over a large diitriCt in Hamplhire and Suflex. 
Mr. Culley has favoured us with the following inftruc- 
tions in the choice of a bull:—For the purpoles of the 
breeder the head of the bull Ihould be rather long, and 
the muzzle fine; his eyes lively and prominent, his ears 
long and thin, his horns white: his neck riling with a 
gentle curve from the ihoulders, and final 1 and line where 
it joins the head; his Ihoulders moderately broad at the 
top, joining full to his chine, or crops and cheft back¬ 
wards, and to the neck-vein forwards; his bofom open, 
bread: broad, and projecting well before his legs, his arms 
or fore-thighs mufcular, and tapering to his knee ; his 
legs rtraight, clean, and very fine-honed ; his chine and 
cheft I’o full as to leave no hollows behind the Ihoulders, 
the plates Itrong, to keep his belly from finking below 
the level of his breaft ; his back or loin broad, rtraight, 
and flat; his ribs riling one above another in fuch a man¬ 
ner, that the laft rib may be rather the higlieft, leaving 
only a Iinall fpace to the hips or hooks, the whole forming 
a round or barrel-like carcafe ; his hips Ihould be wide 
placed, round or globular, and a little higher than the 
back ; the quarters from the hip to the rump long; and 
inftead of being fquare, as recommended by home, they 
Ihould taper gradually from the hips backwards, and the 
turls or pott-bones not in the leaft protuberant ; l umps 
clofe to the tail, the tail broad, well haired, and let on fo 
high as to be in the fame horizontal line with his back. 
In the choice of a cow, he lays down the following 
rules:—The principal diftinguilhing marks of a good 
cow are, wide horns, a thin head and neck, dewlap large, 
full breaft, broad back ; large deep belly ; the udder ca¬ 
pacious, but not too flelhy; the milk-veins prominent, 
and the bag tending far behind; teats long and large; 
buttocks broad and flelhy; tail long and pliable, lefs pro¬ 
portionable to the lize of the carcafe; and the joints 
Ihort. To thefe outward marks may be added a gentle 
difpofition, a temper free from any vicious tricks, and 
perfectly manageable on every occaflon. On the other 
hand, a cow with a thick head and Ihort neck, prominent- 
back bone, (lender cheft, belly tucked up, fmall udder,, 
or a flelhy bag, Ihort teats, and thin buttocks, is to be 
avoided, as totally unfit for the purpoles either-of the 
dairyman, the luckier, or the grazier. 
We lhall now briefly deferibe the other principal breeds 
of horned cattle, which England produces. — The Long¬ 
horned breed of cattle is dillinguilhed by the great length 
of the horns, the thicknefs and firmnefs of the texture of 
their hides, the length and clofenefsof their hair, the large 
lize of their hoofs, and the coarfe and leathery thicknefs 
of their necks. They are alfo deeper made in their fore¬ 
quarters, and lighter in their hind-quarters, than molt 
other breeds. In fize they are fuperior to tire Suffolk 
breed, but inferior to the fliort and middle-horned breeds. 
They are likewife narrower in their fhape, and lei’s in, 
point of weight than the Ihort-horns, though better 
weighers in proportion to their fize ; and the. cows of 
this breed give conliderably lels milk, but fuch as affords 
more cream in proportion to tire quantity. In colour 
they are more varied than any of the other breeds ; but,, 
whatever the colour is, they have generally a broad white 
ftreak down their backs, which the breeders term Jinched ;, 
and inoftly a white Ipot on the infide of the hough. 
■ Lancalhire appears to be the mother-country of this breed 
of cattle; notwithltanding which they are alfo the pre¬ 
vailing ftock in the counties of Warwick, Leicefter, Glou¬ 
cester, Chelter, and feveral other of the midland, counties,., 
where deep vales of grals and marlhes prevail. And it is 
furprifing, and fnows great attention in one inltance, and. 
equal negleCl in the other, that this fort of cattle are at. 
prefent found in greater perfection in the county ot Lei¬ 
cefter than in the di ft-rift whence they take their name. 
This is fuppofed to have arifen from the graziers of thefe- 
counties buying-their beft bulls and heifers, for many: 
years, paft, before the people of Lane a (hire were well? 
awai-fe. 
