HUSBAND R Y. 
fheep mull often be preferred, from the eafe and conve¬ 
nience of procuring them ; but the graziers in the mid¬ 
land diitricbs for the moll: part find that \arietyof the 
long-homed termed the Craven-breed, to anfwer the belt, 
.as having the moft advantageous form, am} the greateft dif- 
pofition to fatten readily, efpecially as improved by Mr. 
Bakevtell. In LinColnfhire fome prefer the large fnort- 
horned breed, others the long-horned, with a mixture of 
other kinds ; as the different forts of Scotch,' and fuch as 
are bred in the neighbourhood. In Somerfetfhire the 
dark-red Devonlhire breed is the moft prevailing fort, 
which have alfo of late been more in demand by the bed 
graziers in Leicefterfhire, Oxfordfhire, and Warwicklhire. 
In the London markets thefe are faid to come next to the 
Galloway Scots, that' are fattened by the Norfolk and 
Suffolk grazier's, in the finenefs of the grain of their flefli 
and their internal fatnefs. The Cumberland and other 
north-country graziers moftly employ the home-breeds, 
which/are in general of the long-horned kind, with both 
the Scotch breed, the Kiloe, and Galloway. They find 
the Kiloes the quickeft feeders, the Galloways the next, 
and their own the flowed. The Herefordfliire, Glatnor- 
ganfhire, and Suffolk polled breeds, are all found valuable 
as grazing-ftock in different fituations. The breeds of 
the particular neighbourhood, as well as cattle of the 
Welfh or Scotch kind, may often be the moft profitable 
where the gral's lands are not of a rich or fertile nature, 
as the fize of thefe may be more eafily proportioned to 
the quality or goodnefs of the lauds; and there are lcarcely 
any fo indifferent as not to be capable of bringing the 
fmalleft to a fuftTcieht lfate of fatnefs for the market. 
With refpeft to the fort of ftock that may be employed 
with the greateft profit by the grazing farmer, they are 
unqueftionably oxen and fpayed heifers; the latter in 
general fattening not only much better, but more expedi- 
tioufly, but are not capable of being procured with fuch 
Facility ; and of the former kind, fuch. as have been ac- 
cuftomecl to work are preferred in ahnoft every grazing 
diftridt, as both fattening more kindly, and making bet¬ 
ter beef, than others that have not been emploj'-ed in that 
way. Even when killed at a great age, after being ac- 
cuftomed to work, the beef has been found extremely 
good. In fome cafes cows that have become barren, as 
well as fuch old cows as are found unfit for other ufes, 
are purchafed by the grazier for the purpofe of fattening; 
but the danger of fuccefs in thefe inftances is always con- 
iiderably greater; of courfe, though they occafionally turn 
out to much advantage, fuch as have been mentioned 
above are coriftantly to be preferred. Cows, efpecially 
thofe that are of much age, fcarcely ever fatten well, and 
never in a quick manner ; they can therefore hardly ever 
be equally profitable for the ufes of the grazier as thofe 
of other forts of young ftock. Whenever cows are em¬ 
ployed for the purpofe of grazing, they fhould conftantly 
be let take the bull either before they are turned into 
the paftures, or as foon after as pofiible, and be always in 
a ltate fit for the market at leaft three months before the 
period of their calving. 
In regard to flieep-l’cock, it is probable that in general 
the large improved long-woolled breeds may be the moft 
profitable on the more rich and productive paftures ; but 
on thofe where there is a lefs degree of fertility, and the 
grafs is fhorter, the fmall fhort-woolled improved breeds 
are preferable for the ufes'"of the grazier. In the firll of 
thcle cafes, that fort which is termed the New Leicefter 
has of late years had numerous advocates. Where we¬ 
thers are capable of being procured of the New Leicefter 
kind, they moftly turn out an excellent ftock for the 
grazing farmer. In the latter iaftance the South Downs 
are in common the moft advantageous fort, as not being 
exceeded, perhaps, by any other breed. 
In Somerfetfhire the polled .fheep of the lower part of 
that diftriCt have lately gained ground over thofe of the 
Dorfetfhire fheep, formerly the prevailing fort by the beft 
grazing farmers. They afford a large (hear of woo!, fatten 
quickly, and particularly on the internal parts. They 
are fuppofed capable of improvement by crofting with the 
new Leicefter breed. The Romney Marfh graziers princi¬ 
pally employ the white-faced polled and the South Down 
breeds, both of which they find profitable on their lands. 
The Cumberland graziers chiefly ftock with the true black¬ 
faced Heath and Cheviot breeds of fheep, the former of 
which they find the more quick feeders, as well as more 
hardy. 
In the fyftem of grazing-management, many different 
methods of practice are employed, both in refpeft to 
horned-cattle and fheep. With fome graziers it is a me¬ 
thod to purchafe their cattle in the fairs in the autumn 
feafon, about October or in the following month, fup- 
porting them, during the winter, principally with ftraw, 
or fometimes, which is a much better practice, with a lit¬ 
tle hay mixed with it, till towards the beginning of 
March, continuing their fattening through that and the 
fucceeding month with fome fort of fucculent food, fuch 
as turnips, potatoes, or other fimilar kinds, until the grafs 
be in a ftate fit to be turned upon in May, on which they 
may be carried forward and completed according to cir- 
cumftances about Auguft, or in the following month. 
Another method is to purchafe the beafts lean, as loon 
as the grafs-lands are in a ftate fit to be turned upon in 
May, wholly completing their fattening on the grafs 
about the latter end of Oflober, or later in the autumn, 
according to their quicknefs in feeding. In this fyftem 
of practice the fmaller forts of cattle-ftock may be found 
in general the moft advantageous, efpecially where the 
lands are not of the moft fertile kind. 
The grazier has alfo fometimes recourfe to another 
mode of proceeding in his fyftem of fattening horned cat¬ 
tle ; but which is fuppofed to be lefs profitable than ei¬ 
ther of the preceding methods ; this is that or buying in 
bis ftock at fuch periods, according to the difference in 
their fizes, as that they may be ready to be difpofed of 
about April, or in the lucceeding month, a period at 
which they ufually fetch a high price. In this fyftem, 
with large oxen or other forts of beafts, it is fometimes 
the practice to keep them through two winters, giving 
them only one fummer’s grafs ; being in the firft winter 
not fully fed, but kept in good gral’s in the fummer fea- 
fon, and forced on with the beft feeding in the fecond; 
but with the fmaller forts of ftock, one fummer’s grafs 
and a winter’s ftailing is the ufaal mode; the cattle be¬ 
ing bought in as foon in the fpring as the grafs is rifen 
to a good bite. 
In fome diftrifts heifers are preferred to oxen, in which 
cafe they buy them in about March or April, and, after 
keeping them through the fummer, fell in OCtober and 
November. This method is thought by fome a profitable 
fyftem of management. All thofe methods may probably 
be pra&ifed with advantage under different circumftances j 
but it is obvious that the firft can only be had recourfe 
to with propriety where green winter-food is raifed in 
fufficient abundance, and the grazier has a ftore of litter 
for being converted into manure. Under other circuin- 
ftances the fecond mode of management will be much 
more profitable. The two laft methods are the leaft con¬ 
venient, and, probably, on the whole, except in very fa¬ 
vourable circumftances, the leaft profitable, efpecially the 
former of them, as, from the great length of time which 
they are kept, much management and attention to food 
becomes neceffary to render them advantageous; which, 
with common fervants, is feldom fufliciently regarded. 
Befides thefe, there is another practice that deferves at¬ 
tention in particular cafes, fuch as that of buying in 
fmall cattle in tolerable condition in the autumn as loon 
as the after-grafs is ready, in order to their being fattened 
out on the rovvens, and difpofed of towards the latter end 
of October, or beginning of the following month. This 
is a p raft ice fometimes beneficially purfued on the rich 
hay-farms in the county of MiHdrefex. 
With Iheep-ltock different fyftems of grazing are like v.ife 
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