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II USB A N D R Y. 
or five years. On the drier kinds ofthefe forts of foil, it is 
fuppofed better to begin in a fomewhat dift'erent'way :— 
i. Peafe, or turnips. 2. Barley. 3. Clover. 4. Wheat. 
5. Turnips. 6. Barley, with grafs-feeds for not lei's 
than three years.—Or, 1. Oats. a. Turnips. -3. Barley, 
■with feeds to remain three or four years. But in cafes 
where large fupplies of green food are in demand, or 
danger is apprehended from the wire-worm grub, &c. the 
courfe may be commenced with more propriety by tur¬ 
nips or cabbages. 
In Cumberland, where different plans of cropping, in 
this view, are ftated to have been attempted, the courfe 
of,—1. Turnips. 2. Barley. 3. Clover. 4. Wheat, is 
faid to have been made ufe of till there was an evident 
falling off' in the crops, efpecially in thole of the green 
fort; in which eircumffanees the only means of reftoring 
the lands has been found to be that of permitting them 
to remain, after they liave been three years under the 
plough, the lame length of time in the Hate of grafs; it 
being difcovered that by this mode nature has time to 
prepare a fufficient lea clod, which, being turned up for 
the turnip-fallow, will infure a vigorous crop of turnips, 
as it is well known they always flourilh upon frefli land, 
or where they find the remains of a lea clod to vegetate in. 
Where the land, after fome time, is to be reffored to 
the condition of fward, and the practice of horfe-hoeing 
liad recourfe to for preferving the different crops in a 
perfeitly clean Hate ; and the various green crops, as 
turnips,' peafe, and beans, are at the lame time cultivated 
in double rows, on ridges of three feet in breadth, and 
thofe of the cabbage kind in fingle rows on the fame, 
ridges ; the courfes given below have been Hated to an- 
1'vver well for any length of time, in all the different kinds 
of foils. 
On Clays. -1. Turnips or cabbages. 2. Oats. 3. Beans 
and clover. 4. Wheat. 5. Turnips or cabbages. 6. Oats. 
7. Beans and vetches. 8. Wheat. 
On clayey Loams.- —1. Turnips or cabbages. 2. Oats. 
3. Clover. 4. Wheat. 5. Turnips or cabbages. 6. Bar¬ 
ley. 7. Beans. 8. Wheat. 
On rich or fandy Loams. —x. Turnips or potatoes, or 
beans or turnips. 2. Barley. 3. Clover, or peafe, or clo¬ 
ver. 4. Wheat. 5. Beans, or wheat for any length of 
time, or potatoes. 6. Barley. 7. Peafe. 8. Wheat. 
On peaty Earth. —1. Turnips. 2. Barley. 3. Clover. 
4. Wheat. 5. Potatoes. 6. Barley. 7. Peafe. 8. Wheat. 
On a chalky Subfoil.-— 1. Turnips. 2. Barley. 3. Clo¬ 
ver. 4. Wheat. 5. Potatoes. 6. Barley. 7. Peafe. 
8. Wheat. In cafes of this kind it is fuggefted that ten 
acres in each hundred Ihould be laid down with faintfoin 
for eight or ten years. 
On 'Gravels. —1. Turnips. 2. Barley. 3. Clover. 4. Wheat. 
5. Potatoes. 6. Barley. 7. Peafe. 
On light Lands .— 1. Turnips. 2. Barley. 3. Clover and 
rye-grafs. 4. Clover and rye-grafs. 5. Clover and rye- 
grafs. 6. Peafe. 8. Wheat or rye. 7. Wheat. 
It is remarked by the fecretary to the Board of Agricul¬ 
ture, in his excellent Survey of the County of Norfolk, 
that, in that great corn diftrift, the principles of crop¬ 
ping, which have been conftantly attended to for a long 
time, are thofe of avoiding the taking of two corn-crops 
in fucceffion, and of making turnips the preparation for 
barley, and grafies that for wheat and other forts of grain. 
The courfes ufinally had recourfe to on fandy lands and 
turnip-loams, are the following: 
1. Turnips,h fi. Turnips. 
2. Barley, | | 2. Barley. 
3. Seeds, ( But, if the feedsj 3. Vetches. 
4. Seeds, f fail, change to 1 4. Turnips. 
5. Wheat, | j 5. Barley. 
6. Turnips, J (_6. Turnips. 
By which, in the fixth year, the variation ceafes, and it 
comes, as in the former, to turnips again. It is however 
a hied, that to this fyftem there are two great objections: 
in the fourth year the farmer has no fummer food for 
fiieep, and, what is as bad, he doubles his quantity of tur¬ 
nips'; he alfo lofes w-heat in the courfe. To have two 
fucceflive years of vetches appears to be a better fyftem, 
and a much lets interruption, or rather none at all. If 
the firft vetches are to be fed, grafs-feeds might be fown 
with them for the fecond year, and this would fave the 
expence of feed, vetches, and tillage, for that year. 
Sir Mordaunt Martin’s courfe is as follows :—1. Tur¬ 
nips. 2. Barley. 3. Clover. 4. Wheat. 5. Potatoes, 
■mangel wurgel, or vetches, See . 6. Turnips. 7. Barley. 
8. Trefoil and ray. 9. Peafe. 10. Potatoes, mangel wur¬ 
gel, vetches, &c. But it is faid that Mr. Overman, of 
Burnham, has found, from many obfervations, that peafe 
do not fucceed well if fown oftener than once in twelve 
years; where he has known them return in fix or eio-ht 
years, they have never done well. He ploughed up a 
layer of four 3'ears, and drilled wdieat upon it, then 
ploughed for w inter tares ; ploughed the ftubble once for 
a lecond crop of wheat; a very fine produce, and as clean 
as a garden. Three crops of great profit, on only three 
ploughings, and yet the land kept perfectly clean. Not 
a little resulting from four years iheep feeding with fold¬ 
ing from it. 
His common courfe is,—1. Turnips. 2. Barley. 3. Seeds. 
4. Ditto. 5. Ditto. 6. Wheat. 7. Turnips. 8. Bar¬ 
ley. 9. Seeds. 10. Ditto. 11. Peafe. 12. Wheat. But 
with the variation of having part of the twelfth under 
peafe on the three years layer, and alfo fome tares. This 
courfe is partly founded on the experience of peafe not 
doing well if fown oftener than once in twelve years. 
And by Mr. Coke:—1. Turnips. 2. Barley, drilled at 
6| inches. 3. Seeds. 4. Ditto. 5.. Wheat, drilled at nine 
inches. 6. Turnips. 7. Barley, drilled at 6£ inches. 
8. Seeds. 9. Ditto. 10. Peafe, drilled at nine inches, 
or tares at fix inches, n. Wheat, drilled at nine inches. 
Mr. Purdis, of Eggmore, has a very uncommon varia¬ 
tion from the general hulbandrv :—1. Turnips. 2. Bar¬ 
ley. 3. Seeds. 4. Ditto. 5. Tares. 6. Wheat. It is 
faid that upon a large part of this fine farm, the former 
courfe or rotation included a fummer-fallow, which af¬ 
forded little food for live-ftock; tares now occupy the 
place, and fupport great herds of cattle and fiieep. What 
a noble fpeftacle, fays Mr. Secretary Young, is this 
farm : three hundred acres of turnips, three hundred of 
barley, fix hundred of feeds, three hundred of tares, and 
three hundred of wheat; 1800 acres arable, the crops 
luxuriant, much the greater part of the farm very clean 3 
all of it except the layers, on which, however, are fome 
thirties, too difficult to extirpate. 
Mr. Thurtell, near Yarmouth, prefers the four-lliift, 
returning to turnips always after the wheat; for he thinks 
that nothing is fo bad as taking a fifth crop. But at 
Caiftor in Fleg, the land excellent, they follow the five- 
fhift of Eaft Norfolk; that is :—1. Turnips. 2. Barley. 
3. Clover. 4. Wheat. 5. Barley. With two variations: 
viz. 1. Cole-feed, inftead of turnips and barley. 2. Ditto. 
3. Wheat. 4. Barley, but not a great crop, and then 
turnips again. The othei; Variation is to fubftitute peafe 
inftead of clover, followed by wheat; and then, in the 
four-lhift, to come again to turnips. But a remarkable 
circumftance in the rotation of crops here is, that fpring- 
corn will not fucceed well after wheat, which follows 
cole-feed ; they will give an excellent fummer-fallow for 
this crop : fpread fourteen loads of fine dung per acre, 
and lowing wheat after the cole get the fineft-crops ; yet, 
if barley or oats follow, the produce is feldom tolerable; 
oats better than barley, but neither good. 
By fome farmers, the courfes or rotations are,—1. Tur¬ 
nips. 2. Barley. 3. Seeds, (clover once in ten or twelve 
years.) 4. Wheat. 5. Peafe, or oats. 6. Wheat. It may 
eafily be fuppofed that the wheat of the fourth year is 
much better than that of the fixth. The courfe cannot 
be defended on any ground. 
The 
