H U S B 
of die funnel Hand directly behind the backs of the coul¬ 
ters, which is done by wedges being applied to one lide 
ctr other of the coulters-, at the time they are fixed in their 
relpeftive portions. 
; The machine being properly prepared, the feed put in, 
and the land reduced to a proper (late by ploughing, har¬ 
rowing, and rolling, the driver (liould walk down the fur¬ 
row oredge of the land, and, having hold of the lalt horfe’s 
head with his hand, keep him in fuch a direction as will 
bring the outfide coulter of the machine within three or 
four inches of the edges of the land or ridge, at which 
uniform extent his arm mull be kept till he comes to the 
end of the land; where having turned round, he mull 
come to the other fide of his horfes, and walk upon the 
laft outfide drill, having hold of the horfe’s head with his 
hand as before, keep the machine in fuch a direction as 
will Itrike the fuccecding drill at liich a diftance from the 
laft outfide one, or that lie walks upon, as the coulters are 
diftant from each other. The perfon attending the ma¬ 
chine fliould put dow’n the lever H, foon enough at the 
end of the land, that the cups or ladles may have time to 
fill before he begins to fow ; and at the end of the land, 
he rauft apply his right hand to the middle of the rail be¬ 
tween the handles, by which he will keep the coulters in 
the ground, while he is lifting up the lever H with his 
left hand, to prevent the grain being fcattered on the 
headland while the machine is turning round; this he 
will do with great eafe, by continuing bis right hand 
upon the rail between the handles, and applying his left 
arm under the left handle, in order to lift the coulters out 
of the ground while the machine is turning round. 
The chief difficulty in ufing- this machine confills in 
driving it ftraight. When feed is wanting in the lower 
boxes B, they mull be fupplied from the upper boxes A, 
by applying the hand as the machine goes along to the 
lever C. The lower boxes B fliould not be fuffered to be¬ 
come empty before they are fupplied with feed, but fliould 
be kept nearly full, or within an inch or fo of the edge of 
the box. If chalk-lines are made acrofs the backs of the 
coulters, at fuch a diftance from the ends as the feed 
fliould be depofited in the ground, (viz. about two inches 
for wheat, and from two to three for Ipring-corn,) the 
perfon that attends the machine will be better able to af- 
certain the depth the feed Ihould be depofited in the drills, 
by obferving, as the machine goes along, whether the 
chalk-lines are above or below the furface of the land ; if 
above, a proper weight muft be applied to the lever L, 
which will force the coulters into the ground ; if below, 
the lever L, and weight, muft be reverfed, which will pre¬ 
vent their finking too much. 
As the lands or ridges are of different fizes in different 
diftvifts, where the machine is too wide for the land, one 
or more funnels may occafionally be flopped, and the Iced 
received into fuch funnel returned at the end of the land, 
or fooner if required, into the upper feed-box. But for 
regufarity and expedition, lands confifting of fo many feet 
wide from outfide to outfide, as the machine contains 
coulters, when fixed at twelve inches diftance, or twice 
or three times the number, See- are belt calculated for the 
machine. In wet foils or ftrong clays, lands or ridges of the 
width of the machine, and in dry foils.of twice the width, 
are recommended. For lowing of narrow high-ridged 
lands, the outfide coulters fliould be let down, and the 
middle ones railed, fo that the points of the coulters may 
form the fame curve that the land or ridge forms. And 
the loofe foil harrowed down into the furrows fliould be 
returned to the edges of the lands or ridges from 
whence it came, by a double mould-board or- other 
plough, whether the land be in a wet or in a dry ftate. 
Clover and other lays, intended to be fown by the ma¬ 
chine, fliould be ploughed a deep ftrong furrow and well 
harrowed, in order to level the furface, and to get as much 
loofe foil as poflible for the coulters to work iii| and when 
fown, if any of the feed appears in the drills uncovered 
bv reafon of the ftiff texture of the foil, or toughnefs of 
Vol. X. No. 687. 
A N D R Y. 589 
the roots, a light harrow may be taken over the land, once 
in a place, which will effectually cover the feed, without 
difplacing it at all in the drills. For fowing lays, a con- 
fiderable weight muft be applied to the lever L, to force 
the coulters into the ground ; and a fet of wrought-iron 
coulters, well-fteeled", and made fliarp at the front edge 
and bottom, are recommended; they will pervade the foil 
more readily, conlequently require lei's draught, and ex¬ 
pedite the bulinels. 
When carrots are to be fown, one bufliel of faw-duft is 
to be added to each pound of carrot-feed, which is fuffi- 
cient for half an acre. The faw-duft fliould be made dry, 
and fifted to takeout all the lumps and chips, and divided 
into eight equal parts or heaps; the carrot-feed Ihould 
likewife be dried, and well rubbed between the hands, to 
take off the beards, fo that it will feparate readily; and, 
being divided into eight equal parts or heaps, one part 
of the carrot-feed muft be well mixed with one part of the 
faw-duft, and fo on, till all the parts of carrot-feed 
and law-duft are mixed and incorporated together; m 
wh-icli ftate it may be fown very regularly in drills at 
twelve inches diftance, by the cups or ladles N° 2. A la¬ 
dleful of the dull will, upon an average, contain three 
or four carrot-feeds, by which means the carrot-feed can¬ 
not be otherwife than regular in the drills. In attempt¬ 
ing to depofit fmall feeds near the furface, it may fome- 
times happen that fome of the feeds will not be covered 
with foil ; in this cafe, a light roller may be drawn over 
the land after the feed is fown, which, befides coverin'*-' 
the feeds, will level the furface, and prepare the land for 
an earlier hoeing. With this machine the lighted kinds 
of grain or feed may be fown, even in the higheft winds, 
by only ufing the precaution of placing a fereen of any 
kind of cloth, or a lack, f'upportedby two uprights nailed 
to their Tides, behind the funnels, which will prevent the 
grain or feed being blown out of its direction in falling 
from the ladles into the funnels. The fame may be ac- 
complilhed by fmall pipes of tin fitted on to the ends of 
the funnels, to convey the grain or feed near the furface 
of the land. 
Cooke’s improved Drill-Machine and Horse-Hoe. 
—Thefe much approved utenfils are correctly delineated 
in the Hufbandry Plate VI. The advantages of this im¬ 
proved drill, fliownat fig. 1, over the former, confift chief¬ 
ly, ill, In the wheels, B B, being fo large, that the ma¬ 
chine can travel on any road without trouble or danger 
of breaking; alfo from the farm to the field, See. without 
taking to pieces ; requiring only half the draught which 
the former machine requires. 2d, In the coulter-beam 
C C, with all the coulters, moving with great eafe, on 
the principle of the pentagraph, to the right or left, lb as 
to counteract the irregularity of the horle’s draught, by 
which means the drill may be made ftraight: and, where 
lands or ridges are made four and a half or nine and a 
half feet wide, the horfe may always go in the furrow, 
without fetting a foot on the lands, either in drilling or 
horfe-hoeing. 3d, In the feed fupplying- itlelf regularl)', 
without any attention, from the upper to the lower boxes 
as it is dillributed. 4th, In lifting the pin M, on the 
coulter-beam to a hook L, on the axis of the wheels ; by 
which means the coulters are kept out of the ground at 
the end of the land, without the lead labour or fatigue 
to . the perfon who attends the machine. 3th, In a-<qno- 
up or down fteep hills, the l'ced-box is elevated or de- 
prelled accordingly, fo as to render the dillribution of 
the feed regular; and the feed, being covered by a lid 
is fereened from wind or rain. Thel'e are the principal 
advantages appertaining to this machine, which, though 
confiderable in the procefs of drilling, are as nothing 
compared with thole which aril’e from the ufe of the 
horle-hoe, by which from eight to ten acres of land can 
be hoed in one day, in a ftyle far fuperior to, and more 
effectual than, any hand-hoeing whatever, and all'o at fea- 
fons when it is impoflible for the hand-hoe to be uled at 
all. 
7 L 
The 
