H USB 
*he rows or drills, beginning to number the fpaces from 
left-hand fide of the five rows drilled at one operation 
of the machine. And the perfon who attends the hoes 
nmft keep the pin B direftly over the middle of the fe- 
cohd fpace, defcribed as above: the fame rule will hold 
good for hoeing at all the different diftances. Where the 
Ipace between the two adjoining outfide drills fliall happen 
to be too narrow at fome places for the hoe to pal's, it 
may be advifable to take out the lhare, which would 
otherwife hoe that fpace, and leave it to be hoed by hand. 
Soils of different textures will require to be hoed with 
fliares of different fizes; nothing but experience can 
point out thefize which is belt adapted to any particularfoil. 
In all light fandy foils or loams, or any other foils 1 'uffici- 
ently pulverized, {hares from five to fix inches broad for 
nine-inch drills, and eight inches broad for twelve-inch 
drills, will work fafely and effectually. In ftrong clays 
intermixed with pebbles, the hoe-lhares mult not be lo 
broad 5 and it may not be impoffible to find fome fuch 
foils as will bid defiance to all flat hoeing whatever. If, 
neverthelefs, the texture of the foil in the fpaces of the 
rows of corn is torn to pieces by long narrow plates of 
iron, refembling points or chiffels, being introduced in 
the hoe-lhare thanks, A AAA A A, inllead of the hoe- 
plates, the advantages refulting from fuch a procefs will 
be very confiderable. The hoe-plates or {hares may be 
fet to enter the foil deeper or ffiallower, by lowering or 
raifing the {hanks in the refpeCtive mortifes in the beam, 
or by lowering or raifing the hooks applied to the {hank 
CC, on the axis of the wheels, by which the hoes are 
drawn. 
This horfe-hoe may be applied to many ufeful pur- 
poles, befides hoeing crops of drilled corn, particularly 
for cutting up the rows of ftubble as foon as the crop is 
carried, with fuch weeds as might efcape the hoe ; and 
for ftirring of fallow's, &c. after the rate of ten acres a- 
day, with one man, a boy, and two horfes, particularly in 
the bufy time of harveft, when it w'ould be impoffible to 
{pare fo many hands as would be required to ftir the 
land with common ploughs, fo as to anfwer the intended 
purpofe. And by means of the fame expeditious method 
of cutting up Hubbles, immediately after the crop is car¬ 
ried, or rather before it is carried, as foon as it is cut 
and fet up, in order to gain time for the fowing of grafs- 
feeds a fecond time, where they may have miffed, or cole, 
or rape, or turnip, for food of flieep or cattle, in winter 
or fpring, extraordinary advantages may be derived. 
Universal Sowing Machine. —This ingenious ma¬ 
chine, contrived to fow broadcaft, whether w'orked by 
hand, drawn by a horfe, or fixed to a plough, and ufed 
with it, is extremely firfiple in the conftruCtion. It will 
fow wheat, barley, oats, rye, clover, cole-feed, hemp, flax, 
canary, rape, turnip, befides a great variety of other 
kinds of grain and feeds, broadcalt, with great accuracy. 
It is equally ufeful in the drill-hu{bandry, particularly 
when fixed to a plough ; it will then drill a more exten- 
five variety of grain, pulle, and feed, through every gra¬ 
dation with regard to quantity, and deliver each kind 
with greater regularity, than any drill-plough whatever. 
It will alfo not only fow broadcaft with the molt lingu¬ 
lar exactnefs, but lave the expence of a feedfman ; the 
feed being fown either over or under furrow at pleafure, 
and the land ploughed by the fame operation. Perhaps 
a fair and decifive experiment for afcertaining the com¬ 
parative merits of broadcafting or drilling any particular 
crop, was never before rendered fo practicable as by this 
machine ; fince the feed may now be put in with the ut- 
moft degree of regularity, in both methods of culture, by 
the fame movement ; and without this it is perhaps im¬ 
poffible to make a juft decision. It is correCtly delineated 
in the 'Engraving at fig. 3, where A reprefents the ma¬ 
chine. B the apron Upon which the feed falls and re¬ 
bounds upon the land, in broadcafting. C, lid to cover 
the hopper. D, wheel at the heel of the plough. E, ftrap. 
FF, hooks upon which the apron turns by a pivot on 
A N D R Y. 591 
each fide. G, flay to keep the machine fteady. H, a le¬ 
ver to prevent it from fowing. 
The advantages of this machine confift in its fpreading 
any given quantity of feed over any given number of 
acres with a mathematical exaCtnefs, which cannot be done 
by hand ; and by which great faving may be made in 
feeding the ground, as well as benefiting the expeCted 
crop. It will likewife broadcaft beans, peafe, and tares, 
or drill them with the greateft exaCtnefs, particularly 
when conftruCted to be ufed with a plough. And thefe 
advantages are accompanied with another, viz. that the 
wind can have no effeCt on the falling of the feed. ■ 
When the machine is to be ufed without a plough,and 
drawn by a horfe, it may be made of any given length, at 
the defire of the purchafer, as {hown at fig. 4, wherein 
the upper part A A A A, contains the hoppers from which 
the grain or feed defcends into the fpouts. The feveral 
fpouts all reft upon a bar, which hangs and plays freely 
by two diagonal fupporters BB ; a trigger fixed to this 
bar bears a catch-wheel ; this being fixed on the axle, 
occafions a regular and continual motion, or jogging of 
the fpouts, quicker or flower in proportion to the pace the 
perfon fowing with it drives ; and of courfe, if he quickens 
his pace, the bar will receive a greater number of ftrokes 
from the catch-wheel, and the grain or feed will feed the 
fafter. At the bottom of the machine is placed an apron 
or flielf D, in a floping pofition, and the feed, by falling 
thereon from the fpouts above, is fcattered about in every 
direction under the machine, and covers the ground in a 
moft regular and uniform manner. To fow the corn or 
feed in drills, there are moveable fpouts, as fliovvn at fig. 
5, which are fixed on or taken off at pleafure, to direct 
the feed from the upper fpout to the bottom of the fur¬ 
row. The conftruCtion of the machine at fig. 4, will be 
better underltood by the following defcription : A, the 
hoppers. B B, the diagonal fupporters. CCCC, the up¬ 
per fpouts. D, the apron or flielf upon which the feed 
falls from the upper fpouts. E, the lever, which carries 
back the bar, and prevents the machine from fowing. 
FF, ftaples upon the handles, through which the reins 
pafs, for the man who conducts the machine to direCt the 
horfe by. 
The machine is regulated for fowing any particular 
quantity of feed on an acre by a brafs Aider, marked A, 
fig. 6, fixed by {'crews againft a brafs bridge on each of 
the fpouts. The machine is prevented from feeding 
while turning at the ends, by only removing the lever E, 
fig. 4, out of its channel, which carries back the bar 
from the catch-wheel, and occafions the motion of the 
fpouts to ceafe, and at the fame time brings them upon a 
level by the aCtion of the diagonal fupporters; fo that no 
corn or feed can fall from them. The machine in this 
form is particularly ufeful for broadcafting clover upon 
barley or wheat; or for fowing any other kind of feed,, 
where it is neceflary that the land ffiould fifft be harrowed 
exceedingly fine and even. 
This machine, when ufed, muft be placed about two 
feet from the ends of the furrows where you intend it 
fliall begin to fow. Fill the hoppers with feed, and drive 
it forward with the outfide wheel in the firft furrow. 
When you are at the end of the length, at the oppofite fide 
of the field, lift the lever E, fig. 4, a little to the right, 
and the machine will inftantly ftop fowing. Drive it on 
about two feet, and then' turn. Fill the hoppers again if 
neceflary ; then remove the lever back again, and in re¬ 
turning, let the outfide wheel of the machine go one fur¬ 
row within the track which was made by it, in. pafling 
from the oppofite end. 
There is fixed in each fpout of this machine a bridge, 
fliown at fig. 6, with an aperture B, for the grain or leed 
to pafs through. This aperture is enlarged or contracted 
by a Aider A, which palfes over it; and, when properly 
fixed for the quantity of feed designed to be fown on an 
acre, is faftened by means of two ftrong fcrews firmly 
againft the bridge. This is made ufe. of. in fowing all 
' ' kinds 
