HUSB 
TSie fpikes mult be made of very llrong iron, pointed 
-with Heel for fuperior durability, and bent forward dia¬ 
gonally ; and care mull be taken to fix them in the polls 
in fuch a manner as that the line of the track may pafs 
through the angles of the fpike, as (hown at A in the 
engraving. The three centre links of the chain_ at B, 
fliocilci be made round, in order that the draft-chain may 
be fixed to whichever of them may, on trial, be found to 
•anfwer bell. 
Mr. Wynne has alfo conftrucled a pair of harrows, on 
■a principle belt calculated to follow up and complete the 
work of his drag. They are formed lo as to adhere very 
clofely to the foil on which they are employed, and to 
heal and cover new-fown corn with great exadtnefs and 
precifion : delineated in the Engraving at fig. a. 
Brake Drag.— This is a large and weighty drag, cal¬ 
culated to work upon links nearly inclofed and broken 
up. It confilts of four fquare bulls, each fide five inches, 
and fix feet and a half in length. The teeth are feven- 
teen inches long, 'bending forward like a coulter. Four 
of them are inferted into each bull, fixed above with a 
fcrew-nut, having twelve inches free below, with a heel 
clofe to the under part of the bull, to prevent them from 
being pulhed back by (tones. When ground is broken 
up from the date of nature, and after a competent time 
is crofs-ploughed, this dVag is applied with great fuccefs, 
immediately after the crofs-ploughing, to reduce the 
whole to a proper ftate for harrowing.—See this imple¬ 
ment correftly delineated, at fig. 3, in the Engraving. 
To follow this drag,- a harrow is contrived confiding 
of two parts, connected together by a- crank or hinge in 
the middle, and two chains of equal length, one at each 
end, which keep the two parts always parallel, and at the 
feme dilta'nce from each other. The crank is fo con¬ 
trived, as' to allow the two parts to ply to the ground 
like two unconnefted harrows ; but neither of them to 
■ rife above the other, more than if they were a fingle. har¬ 
row without a joint. In a word, they may form an an¬ 
gle downward, but not upward. Thus they have the ef¬ 
fect of two harrows in curved ground, and of one weigh¬ 
ty harrow in a plain. The objeft of this harrow is to 
break more effectually the tough clods which always co¬ 
ver the furface of newly-broken up ground, even after 
the drag has performed its utmoft, and to drake out the 
mould, and prepare it for finidiing by (till further work. 
See this implement correctly reprefented at fig. 4. 
To accomplidi the objeft of .tl^e farmer in reducing the 
ground to a finer tilth, a fecond harrow is conftrucled, 
reprefented at fig. 5. This confids alfo of two parts, con¬ 
nected together like that laft-mentioned. It has eight 
bulls, each four feet long, two and a half inches broad, 
and three deep. The interval between the bulls is eight 
inches ; and the breadth of the whole harrow, including 
•the length of the crank, is fix feet four inches. In each 
bull are inferted five teeth, feven inches free under the 
•wood, and ten and a half inches afunder, each tooth 
weighing one pound. The work of this harrow reduces, 
the^foii to powder, brings all the rubbilh to the top, 
• where it is left to wither and burn at the farmer’s difcre- 
tion. 
Thefe harrows are a confiderable improvement in huf- 
bandry. They ply to curved ground like two uncon- 
nefted harrows ; and, when drawn in one plane, they are 
in effeft one harrow of double weight, which makes the 
teeth pierce deep into the ground; The imperfeftion of 
•common harrows, known to almofc every farmer, will 
lugged the fuperior advantages of thefe. 
Chain and Screw Drag. —This is a valuable imple¬ 
ment on many occafions, delineated at fig. 6, in the En¬ 
graving. Its properties are, that if your ridges-be high, 
and you with to drag them from one end to the other; 
by lengthening the chain, which the fcrew commands, 
the drag, when drawn along, forms an angle downwards, 
•and miftes none of the curve of the ridge, fo far-.as it ex- 
Vol. X. No. 687. 
A N D R Y.. 5 Q 3 
tends, which may be nine feet, the diftance from A to B. 
The extent,/in the contrary direction, is five feet fix 
inches. When the crowns of the ridges have got what 
is thought fufiicient dragging lengthwife, you fhorten the 
chain by the fcrew r which forms an angle upwards ; the 
drag is then drawn by the horfes, one on each fide of the 
furrow ; w hich completely finifhes the fides of the/ridge, 
even if eighteen feet broad. When you' want to drag 
even ground or high ridges acrofs with the fcrew, you 
can bring the drag to be horizontal, fo as to work as if 
con(lru£led without a joint. 
The teeth are formed and fixed in the common man¬ 
ner, fquare, not in the fafliion of coulters; and are nine 
or ten inches below the wood, and of. fuch (Irength as 
may be required. The figures 1, 2, &c., point out where 
the twelve teeth on each fide of the drag are placed. 
Where a (trong brake-drag is not neceflary, by making 
the teeth (liorter and lighter, you may have forty-eight 
teeth, which will tear the ground at every two inches, 
and make a fine mould. 
Lord Somerville’s Cart Drag. —This is a new 
invention of his lordfhip’s, which promifes to be of con¬ 
fiderable utility in husbandry. At fig. 7, in the Engrav¬ 
ing, a perfpeftive view of this machine is given. It re¬ 
quires to be worked only by a fingle horfe, and is calcu¬ 
lated to carry 35 cwt. ‘ In the front is reprefented the 
method of adjuliing the pofition of the centre, of gravity 
of the load, to prevent its prefiing too much on the horie 
in going down the hill, the front of the cart being ele¬ 
vated by means of a'toothed rack fcrewed to the front of' 
the cart, qnd worked by a pinioq, and the handle A, irri.- 
mediately connected with the (haft E. By means of this 
pinfon and racks, the front of the carriage is elevated 
more or lefs, in proportion to the declivity of .the hill, 
by which means the weight of the load is made to bear 
more on the axis, and lefs on the horfe. 
On the fide-view of the cart is reprefented the manner 
bf applying-a friction drag, which is made to prefs, 
more or lefs, on the fide of the wheel, according to the 
fteepnefs of the defcent: B B (how the friflion-bar, or 
drag ; one end of which is connecled with the tail of the 
cart by a fmall chain, and the other end to the front, by 
means of a toothed rack, B D, which catches on a llaple 
in the front of the cart, by which the fridtion-bar may be 
made to prels on the fide of the wheel, more or lefs, at 
the difcretion of the driver; the notches of teeth in this 
rack fliould be as clofe to each other as circumftancps 
will permit. The friction-bar is here applied lower upon 
the wheel than was at fir.lt propofed, in order to divide 
the preflure and friflion more equally on the oppofite 
fide of -the wheel, fo that the prelfure on each is dimi- 
nifhed ; the rifle of over-heating and deltroying the fric¬ 
tion bars is alfo rendered - lefs than if the whole preflure 
were applied in one point at the top of the wheel. 
In the Hufoandry Plate VIII. we have given a feri.es of 
new-invented harrows, which are in confiderable eftima- 
tion among agriculturifts. 
Harrow with Shafts. —This implement is ufed onjv 
in the drill-hMbandry, being calculated for covering, the 
feed depofited in the drills, the horfe going in the furrow. 
Tiys is delineated in the Engraving at fig. 1.- 
Jointed Brake-Harrow.— This harrow has twenty- 
four teeth, (haped like coulters and (landing at abput an 
angle of eighty degrees; reprefented at fig..2.. By this in- 
(Irument the land is finely pul.verifed, and prepared for 
receiving the feed from the drill. It requires four horfes 
in (lift', and two in open, land. . This implement is like- 
wife. ufed for levelling the ridges ; which is done by 
prefiing it down by the handles where the ridge is high, 
and railing it up when low. 
Angular Weeding Harrow,.— This is calculated to 
follow the brake when neceflary. The feven hindmoll 
teeth (hould Hand at a more acute angle than the reft, in 
order to coiledl the weeds, which tlie holder can drop at 
• i 7 -M pleafpre. 
