H U S B , 
narrow (hares; and when employed in this way is termed 
a Scarifi&R. When uied with broad triangular (hares, 
it is called a Scuffler; and when complete, with all 
the(e parts appended, it has the name of Cultivator. 
The principal objeft of this implement is to lave the La¬ 
bour of the plough. 
The Fallow-cleansing Machine. —This implement, 
calculated for cleanfing fallows from weeds, is delineated 
at fig. 3. A A is the frame; B the firlt, C the fiecond, 
roller; in which laft are two cranks to move the arms 
DD, which work the rake up the directors fixed on the 
plank E. The under fide of the lower ends or (hares of 
thele directors are fharp, to cut the clods, and let them 
come on the upper fide. Each alternate heel of the (hare 
is longer than the intermediate one, that they may not 
have more than one-half to cut at once. At the back of 
the plank E are two 1 'crews to let it loofe, that the di¬ 
rectors may be let higher or lower. The (hares are to 
penetrate the ground two or three inches, to raife the 
quicks till the rake fetches them into the cart H, where a 
man mult be ready with a prong to clear them backward 
when gathered. In the rake I are two teeth for every 
fpace of the direCtore, that (tones, &c. may be gathered 
without damage. At K K are two (taples, by which the 
machine is drawn; under them at b are two hooks, placed 
low to raife the machine in turning, by the help of the 
traces; and the axle-tree of the cart (hould be fixed upon 
a pin, that it.may turn like a waggon. F F are the trig¬ 
gers to throw the rake behind the roots. The long teeth 
at G G are to cleanfe the roller C. 11 is the rake which 
gathers up the weeds into the cart H, and is drawn above 
the trigger F, by the working of the arms D, expreffed 
by the dotted lines at dd, LI. The triggers F, of which 
there is onp on each fide, move on the pivots a ; fo that 
when the points b of the rake I have been drawn up by 
the directors E to the part marked c, the trigger, giving 
way, permits the rake to pafs ; but immediately falling, 
the rake returns along the upper furface of the trigger 
marked ee , and of courfe falls on the weeds when it comes 
to the end, a little beyond the pivot a. The reader will 
notice, that the boarding is taken away on one fide in 
the plate, in order to give a more perfeCl view of the in¬ 
ner parts of the machine. 
The Patent Sward-Cutter. —This is a mod ufeful 
implement, delineated in the Engraving at fig. 4. A A, 
&c. a (quare frame three feet four inches from the fore to 
the hind part, by four feet three inches, the breadth of the 
machine within fide; the timber four inches fquare, placed 
on two wheels B B, three feet diameter. C C, &c. are fix 
ftrong pieces of wood called bulls, three feet long, five 
inches and a half broad, the thicknefs fix inches tapering 
to three inches. Into thefe are fixed the cutting-wheels, 
which are iron, thirteen inches diameter,, three-fourths of 
an inch thick at the centre, about an inch diameter for 
piercing holes to fix the iron axles in; from that they are 
to be of fuch thicknefs as will allow the edges to be well 
fteeled. The wheels are fixed by two bolts going through 
the bulls. G G, Sec. are hollow pieces of wood, called 
tkorles, each three inches and a half long, which inclofe 
the bolt M M, and keep the bulls C C, Sec. at their pro¬ 
per diltances; but may be made longer or (horter at plea¬ 
sure, according as the fward requires to be cut in larger 
or (mailer pieces. The iron bolt M M goes through two 
pieces of wood or iron, PP, feven inches long, clear of 
the wood, fupported by iron (lays fixed to the frame,, and 
through all the bulls. LLL, &c. are weights of free- 
(tone, tvventy-lix inches long and fix inches broad ; the 
under one four inches thick, the upper one three inches 
thick; weighing about 64-lb. the under, and forty-eight 
the upper; each of them having two' holes, through which 
iron (pikes, firmly fixed in the bulls, pals, in order to 
keep them (teady. When the ground is eafily cut, the 
under (lone may anfwer; when more difficult, the other 
Hone may be added ; fo that every wheel may have feven 
Hone weight upon it, which has been found l'ufficient fo 
i N D R T. 595 
the (tiffed land and toughed fward the machine has ever 
been tried upon. Weights will anfwer better, but are 
more expenfive. P, a (mall bolt of iron, with a hook on 
one end of it, to Itrengfhen the bolt M M, to be hooked 
on the centre of it, and joined to the frame by a nut and 
ferew. For a fingle-horfe l'ward-cutter (which has only 
four cutting wheels), a pair of (hafts are ufed, and may 
make the two fides of the frame without any joinings. 
The wfidth of the frame, in proportion to the double- 
horfe fward-cutter, is as four to fix. 
The original intention of this machine was to prepare 
.old grafis-ground for the plough, by cutting it acrofs the 
ridges, in the beginning of or during winter, when the 
ground is foft, in order to anfwer all the pttrpofes de- 
(igned by the four coultered-plough, fo (Irongly recom¬ 
mended for bringing into tilth grafs-ground that has been 
long reded. This the fward-cutter lias been found to do 
much more effectually and expeditioufly; for the machine 
juft mentioned cuts the fward in the dime direction with 
the plough ; and is liable, from every obdruCtion the 
coulters meet with, to be broken or thrown out of its 
work altogether; to which the fward-cutter confiding of 
four, fix, or more, cutting-wheels, is never liable, from 
thefe being entirely independent of one another, cutting 
the ground acrofs the ridges before ploughing, and ren¬ 
dering that operation eafier to two hordes than it would 
otherwife be to three. The furrow, being cut acrofs, falls 
finely from the plough in fquares of any fize, not under 
fix inches, in place of long (lips of tough fward feldom 
and imperfeCtly broken by the four-coultered plough. 
This implement is alfo well adapted for preparing 
ground for burn-baking, as it will lave much hand-labour. 
It may alfo be ufed in crofs-cutting clover of one or two 
years (landing, to prepare the ground for wheat, if the 
land is diff and moift enough. It may be applied to cut¬ 
ting and crofs-cutting pafture-ground, intended to have 
manure of any kind put upon it to meliorate the grafs ; 
and in this it will far exceed the fcarificator. In prepar¬ 
ing for barley, it excels a roller of any kind in reducing 
the large hard clods, in clay land, occafioned by a fudden 
drought after its being ploughed too wet; and it is like- 
wife very proper for reducing fuch clay-land when under 
a fummer-fallow. In this operation, the fward-cutter is 
greatly preferable to the cutting-roller; for, the wheels of 
the latter being all dependent one on another, when one 
is thrown out by a (lone, three or four mud (hare the 
fame fate. Befides, the cutting-roller has but feven wheels 
in fix feet; whereas the fward-cutter has fix in four feet 
three inches, at nine inches diftance ; and, if neceffarv, 
may have them fo. near as fix inches. 
Two horles are lufficient for the draught of. a double- 
horle fward-cutter, and one horfe for a fingle-horfe one. 
One man manages the machine, and drives the horles. 
He begins his operation by firlt meafuring.off twenty or 
thirty paces from the machine, and there fixing a pole. 
He then cuts the field acrofs, as near at right angles with, 
the ridges as he can. One fward-cutter will cut as much 
in one day as fix ploughs can. plough. The land may lie 
feveral months in winter after being fward-cut, when 
there is no Vegetation to make the. cuts grow together 
again before it is ploughed ; but the fooner it is ploughed 
after cutting the better, that it may have the benefit of all 
the winter's fro(l, which makes it harrow;, better atfeed-time. 
The Spike Roller. —This ufeful implement, deline¬ 
ated at fig. 5, is of confiderable. advantage in hufbandry. 
It is conltruCted. nearly in the manner of the common, 
roller, except its having the addition of a great number 
of fpikes. Rolling wheat in the month of April is very 
important in a loofe foil; as the winter rains leave many 
roots- expofed to the air. Barley ought to be rolled ini, 
mediately, efpecially where grafs-feeds.are down, with it.. 
In a gravelly foil, the mould (hould be fo dry as to bear 
the roller without clinging to it. A clay-foil ought, nei¬ 
ther to be tilled, harrowed, nor rolled, till the field be per¬ 
fectly. dry. There is the greater realon.for this precau¬ 
tion 
