034 
II U Y 
of Berne, on the frontier of Lucerne. It was taken in 
theyear x 34.0, and burned, by the troops of Berne: twenty- 
two miles north-weft of Lucerne, and Sixteen north-call 
of Berne. .. 
To HUX, v. a. with anglers, to catch a pike by means 
of a line faftened to a bladder. • 
HUX'ING, f . The diverting method of catching pike 
by a line faftened to a bladder. 
HU Y, a town of Germany, in Weftphalia, and bi¬ 
shopric of Liege, fituated on the Meufe, which divides it 
into two parts, the one belonging to the county of Haf- 
baic, .the other to Condrofc, of which laft Huy is the ca¬ 
pital. Charles de Heraugieres, governor of Breda, feized 
the city and cattle by furprife, in the month of February, 
1595. The ftates being deaf to all remonftrances, the bi- 
ihop of Liege applied to the Spaniards for ailiftance, who 
compelled the governor to reftore it. Louis XIV. king 
of France, invelted it the firft of March, 1675, and com¬ 
pelled it to Surrender after a (hort liege of fix days ; but 
it was given back to the bifhop by the treaty of Nim- 
megen, in 1678. It fuifered more in 1673, when the 
French took and burned the whole town, becaufe the ci¬ 
tizens had taken up arms to a HI ft the garrifon, which was 
very weak ; they alfo broke down a bridge of freeftone, 
which had been built over the Meufe in the year 1294. 
The Spaniards retook it in the year 1694, and reftored it 
to the bifhop at the peace of Ryfwick. In 1701, Huy 
was feized by the French: the allies, under the command 
of baron de Troignee, befieged it on the 15th of Auguft, 
1703, and on the 25th it furrendered, with all its forts, 
and the garrifon became prifoners of war. The 28th of 
May, 1705, the comte de Gaffe, with a detachment of 
the French army, attacked it, and on the 10th of June 
the garrifon furrendered prifoners of war. Again, at a 
little time after that, the allies, being reinforced by the 
army of the duke of Marlborough, from the Mofelle, be¬ 
came matters of it, the garrifon in like manner being 
made prifoners of war. The Dutch kept poffefiion of it 
till the year 1718, -when they deltroyed the fortifications, 
and furrendered it to the bilhop. In 1714, a new bridge 
was built in a fuperior manner. It is twelve miles fouth- 
fouth-wett of Liege. Lat. 50. 32. N. Ion. 22. 47. E. Ferro. 
HUYG'F.NS (Chriftian), a distinguished Dutch mathe¬ 
matician and attronomer, born at the Hague in the year 
1629. The early part of his education was undertaken by 
his father, Conllantine Huygens, lord of Zulichem, who 
had Served three fucceflive princes of the houfe of Orange 
in the capacity of fecretary. Under his inftruftions 
young Chriftian made a rapid progrels, not only in clas¬ 
sical learning, geography, and mufic, but alfo in the ma¬ 
thematics, towards which he foon difeovered a predomi¬ 
nant bias. In 1645 he was fent to the univerfity of Ley¬ 
den, to ftudy law ; but this purfuit did not fo entirely 
occupy his attention as to prevent him from continuing 
his mathematical ftudies alfo, under profeflor Schooten. 
At the end of one year he removed from Leyden to Bre¬ 
da, where an univerfity, had recently been founded, and 
placed under the direftion of his father. In this femi- 
nary he continued between two and three years ; and, after 
his return to the Hague in 1649, he went in the fuite of 
Henrv, count of Naflau, to Holftein and Denmark. In 
1651 he gave to the world the firft Specimen of his genius 
for mathematics, in a treatife, entitled, Thcoremata de 
Quadratura Hyperboles , Ellipfis, & Circu/i, ex dato Portionum 
Gravitatis Centro , &c. 4to. which led the public to enter¬ 
tain high expectations from his future labours. In 1654 
he publiihed, De Circuli Magnitudine inventa : accedunt Pro- 
blematum quorundam illujlrium CcnJ'truHiones, 4to. During 
the following year he travelled into France, and was ad¬ 
mitted to the degree of doctor of laws at Angers. 
In 1657 appeared a Short piece, De Ratiociniis in Ludo 
Alee, annexed to profeffor Schooten’s book, entitled, Ex- 
ercitalionum Mathcmaticarum Libri quinque, 4to. This was 
xyriuen by Huygens in Low Dutch, and was translated 
H U Y 
into Latin by Schooten, in order to Show tire tifefuhiefs 
of algebra. Huygens is the firft who treated of. this Sub¬ 
ject, which has Since been handled by M M. Sauveur, 
Berriouilli, and Montmort, in a more exaft manner. In 
1657, he printed, in Low Dutch', what is given in his 
Opera Varia, in Latin, under the title of Brevis Injhtutio de 
Ufu Horologia rum a d invenitndas Longitudints. In this work 
he exhibited a model of a new-invented pendulum ; but 
as fome perfons, envious of his reputation, were defirous 
to deprive him of the honour of the invention, he pub- 
1 ifhed, in the following year, a treatife, entitled, Horclo- 
*1 gium, 4to. with the defign of explaining the construction 
of it, and of lhowing that .it was very different from the 
pendulum of aftrononiers, invented by Galileo. The 
celebrated philosopher laft-mentioned, in the courfe of 
his obfervations on the planet Saturn, had difeovered 
what lie imagined to be two fatellites, almoft in contact 
with his body, which Some time afterwards he found had 
difappeared. Huygens, being very defirous of accounting 
for thefe appearances and changes, applied hinifelf to the 
improvement of the telefcope; and fucceeded in con¬ 
structing an instrument, with glaffes of his own forming, 
poffeffing a higher power than any which had been be¬ 
fore invented. With this telefcope he carefully obferved 
all the phafes and appearances of Saturn, and drew up a 
journal of the different afpefts of that planet. After a 
long courfe of observations he was enabled to afeertain, 
that Saturn is furrounded with a folid and permanent 
ring, which never changes its Situation, and, without 
touching the body of the planet, accompanies it in its re¬ 
volution about the fun ; and that what Galileo had ima¬ 
gined to be two fatellites, were only the anfee, or extreme 
parts, of that ring. He alfo difeovered one of the Satel¬ 
lites belonging to that planet, which had hitherto eScaped 
the observations of aftronomers. Thefe diicoveries, which 
gained him a high rank among the aftronomers of his 
time, he communicated to the world in his Syjlema Satur- 
ninum,.Jive de Caufis mirandorum Saturni Phenomenon, & Co¬ 
mite ejus Planctd novo, 1659, 4to. 
In the year 1660, Huygens took a Second journey into 
France; and in the following year he palled over into 
England, where he communicated his art of polishing 
glaffes for telefcopes, and was admitted a member of the 
Royal Society. While in England, he made considerable 
improvements in the air-pump, then recently invented ; 
and he alfo difeovered the laws of the collifion of elaftic 
bodies. About the fame time our celebrated countrymen 
Wallis and Wren made the fame difcovery, with whom 
he had a difpute refpefting the,claim to priority of in¬ 
vention. In 1663, he vifited France for the third time ; 
where his merit became fo confpicuous, that-Some time 
afterwards the minister Colbert was determined on at¬ 
tempting to fix him at Paris, by the offer of a considera¬ 
ble peniion. Of this offer, made in the king’s name, 
Huygens accepted ; and refided at Paris from" 1666 to 
1681, where he was admitted a member of the Academy 
of Sciences. Thefe fifteen years he devoted wholly to 
mathematical p.urfuits ; writing a variety of treaties, 
which were either Separately publiihed, or inferted from 
time to time in the Journal des Savans. In 1673 he pub- 
iiihed, Horologium OJcillatorium ; five de Molu Pendularum ad 
Horologia aptato, Demonjlrationes Geometricre, folio; discover¬ 
ing a method of rendering clocks exaft by applying the 
pendulum, and of-rendering all its vibrations equal by 
the cycloid. This work led.to a difpute, in which Several 
learned mathematicians interefted themfelves, and which 
terminated in our author’s favour. He alfo invented, 
and in the Journal des Savans for January 29, 1680, pub¬ 
liihed an account of, his Level with telefcopic Sights. 
By his continual application, however, he gradually im¬ 
paired his health, for the recovery of which he wa? 
obliged to vifit his native country in 4670 and 1675 ; 
and in 1681 found himfelf under the neceifity of return¬ 
ing to it altogether. Accordingly, he quitted Paris, and- 
returned 
