II Y D 
II Y 1) 
HY'DAGE, f. A tax upon lands according to thole 
portions of them which were called hydcs .—Of the lame 
nature with l'cutages upon knights’ fees were the afl'elT- 
ments of hydagc upon all other lands. Blachjlone. 
HYDA'RA, a town of Armenia. Strabo. 
HYDAS'PES, in ancient geography, a river of Alia, 
flowing by Sufa. Another in‘India, now Ckelum, th'e 
boundaries of Alexander’s conquefts in the ealt. The 
Hydafpes, the modern Behut, or Chelum; the Acefmes 
or Jenaub, or Cheenaub ; and tile Hydraotes, or modern 
Rauvee; all thefe, after a long courfe, unite in one 
channel, which retains the name of Cheenaub, and, after 
the junction, paffes through the country of the Oxydracs, 
beneath the. north fide of Moultan, and at the diftance ol 
about twenty miles from that city falls into the Indus, 
about two hundred miles below Attock, in magnitude 
equal to the Indus itfelf. One of the epithets the poets 
bellow on the Hydafpes is Aurifer, poflibly as being pe¬ 
culiarly rich in gold. On the banks of the Hydafpes 
was fought the decifive battle between Alexander and 
the Indian monarch Porus, both equal in valour; but 
the former, by his great luperiority in the art of war, ob¬ 
tained a complete viXory with a handful of men. Porus 
employed not fewer than two hundred elephants, which, 
terrific as they might have been to the Macedonian 
horfes, were, with their garriloned towers, totally deltroyed 
by the victorious army. See the article Greece, vol. viii. 
p. 94.6. 
HYDAT IDES, f. in helminthology, a divilion of in- 
teftinal worms belonging to the genus taenia; for parti¬ 
culars and figures of which fee the article Helmintho¬ 
logy, vol. ix. p. 346, and correfpondent Engraving. 
HYDATOSCOTIA, /. called alfo ftydromancy, a kind 
of divination or method of foretelling future events by 
water. 
HYDE (Edward), earl of Clarendon, and- lord high- 
chancellor of England, a molt eminent Itatelinan and liifi- 
torian, the foil of Henry Hyde, a private gentleman re- 
iiding at Dinton in Wiltlhire, where he was born in Fe¬ 
bruary 1608. He received his early education in his 
father’s houfe, under the tuition of the vicar of the pa- 
rilh ; and at the age of thirteen was fent to Oxford, where 
he remained a year a ftudent in Magdalen-hall. In the 
following year he was chofen to fill the next vacancy of 
a demy's place in Magdalen-college; but no vacancy oc¬ 
curring, and Iris father now refolving to bring him up to 
the law, he was entered of the Middle Temple. He was 
only in his feventeenth year when he removed to London, 
Under the protection of his uncle Nicholas Hyde, after¬ 
wards chief jultice of the King’s-bench. He was Hill a 
Itudent when his uncle died; this dilappointment, how¬ 
ever, did not prevent him from purfuing his intentions. 
He was happy in being early introduced to a very rel’pec- 
table let of acquaintance, among whom he reckoned 
ieveral of the moft eminent perfons in the kingdom for 
learning and talents ; as lord Falkland, Seldon, Kcnelm 
Digby, Carew, Waller, May, Sheldon, Morlay, Hales of 
Eton, Chillingworth, &c. and of whom he has given 
very charaXeriftic and entertaining Iketches in his me¬ 
moirs. To their converliition he has al'cribed the belt 
part of his acquifitions; and he has ltrongly exprefled his 
l'enfe of the benefit of fuch l'ociety, by laying that “ he 
never was fo proud, or thought liimlelf lo good a man, 
as when he was the worft man in the company.” He 
has likewife paid a very affeXionate tribute to the me¬ 
mory of his father, a man of great virtue and worth. 
A caufe in which he was engaged on the part of the 
London merchants, introduced him to the notice of arch- 
biihop Laud, then a commillioner of the treafury, who 
treated] him with much regard, and favoured his pro- 
fellional advancement. The ealinefs of his fortune, and 
his other connexions, alio contributed to bring him for¬ 
ward, l'o that his employment as a barrifter became con- 
fiderable. He did not, however, l'o fin* immerl'e liimlelf 
in legal p.urfuits, as to neglect polite literature; and in 
Vol. X. No. 689. 
613 
his manner of living, and the company he kept, he rather 
aft'eXed the polite fcholar than the"lawyer. Such was his 
reputation, that in the parliament called by Charles I. in 
1640, on occafion of the Scotch rebellion, he was chofen 
burgefs for both Wotton-Baffet and Shaftelbury, for the 
former of which places he made his election. Public 
grievances being the topic immediately entered upon by 
the houfe, Hyde brought forward a complaint of the ille¬ 
gal practices and opprefiions of the earl marlhal’s court, 
but the fpeedy diffolution of the parliament prevented 
any proceedings upon it at that time. He was, however, 
chofen -to the new parliament of the lame year, for the 
borough of Saltalh; and renewed with lb much effect his 
attack upon the marlhal’s court, that he procured its 
lupprelflon. 
He now laid afide his gown, and entirely gave liimfelf 
up to public buiinefs; and, being confidered as enlilted 
in no party, was frequently appointed chairman of com¬ 
mittees in matters of the greateft importance. He af- 
filled in drawing up the. charges againlt the judges for 
their decifioh in the cale of Ihip-money; but, though in 
this cafe he took part with thole who oppofed the court, 
yet he lliowed in other inftances fo much attachment to 
regal government, and to the eftablilhed church, that lie 
was regarded with diflike and fufpicion by the heads of 
that party. On the other hand, he was reprefented in fo 
favourable a light to the king, that his majelty defired a 
private conference with him, in which he exprelfed his 
acknowledgments for what he had done in his lervice, 
and el’peciaiiy for his afteXion to the church. From this 
time he may be confidered As one of the royal party ; and 
to judge of his aXions and writings it will be proper to 
give his own ftatement of his public principles. 
He had, he lays, “ a very particular palfion and devo¬ 
tion for the perfon of the king; and a moft zealous 
efteem and reverence for the conftitution of government, 
which lie believed to be fo equally poifed, that, if the 
leaf! branch of the prerogative was torn off, the fubjeX 
fullered by it; and he was as much troubled when the 
crown exceeded its juft limits.” With refpeX to religion, 
“ he believed the church of England to be the belt framed 
for the encouragement of learning and piety, and the 
prefervation of peace, of any church in the world; and 
thought that the taking away any of its revenue, and 
applying it to lecular ufes, was robbery and notorious 
lhcrilege; alfo, that the removal of the bilhops from the 
houfe of peers was a violation of jultice:” hence he op¬ 
pofed from confcience “ all mutations in the church.” 
When the commons’ remonltrance on the ltate of the 
nation came out, Hyde, as he lays, “ only to give vent to 
his own indignation, and without the leaft purpofe of 
communicating it,” drew up a reply to it, which, how¬ 
ever, !>e lliowed to lord Digby. After fotne felicitation, 
lie fullered it to appear as “ The King’s Anfvver with the 
Advice of his Council.” He was loon after offered the 
place of folicitor-general, which he declined; but he 
agreed to be one of a private confultation on the king’s 
affairs and their management in parliament, with lord 
Falkland, and fir John Colepepper. In this office he 
flood apart from the others, by oppofing the king’s aflent 
to the bill for depriving the bilhops of their feat in the 
houfe of lords; which, however, his majefty was prevailed 
on to give. In April 1642, Hyde was lent for by the 
king to York ; anfl, repairing thither, he afiifted in drawing 
up many papers in the royal caule, and in private con- 
lultations. 
After the commerfcement of the civil war, when the 
king held his court at Oxford, Hyde was' nominated to 
the chancellorlhip of the exchequer, fworn of the privy- 
council, and knighted. He remained with his majelty 
till March 1644; when he accompanied prince Charles 
into the Weft, and afterwards attended him to the ifland 
of Jerfey. After the prince’s departure theiice, fir Ed¬ 
ward remained there two years longer, purfuing his 
ftudies in great tranquillity', and attending to the conVpo- 
7 R lit ion, 
