630 H Y P 
The had made him promife not to violate her virginity. 
Danaus, enraged at her difobediervee, confined her clofely 
in prifon, whence Lynceus delivered her fome time after.. 
HYTHASIS, in ancient geography, a river in India, 
the inhabitants on the banks of which were faid to be de- 
fcended from Jupiter, becaufe they defended'their cities 
by hurling thundef and lightning upon all their invaders. 
Hence it is imagined that the fabrication of gunpowder 
was known to this very ancient people. P'kilqjlratvs. 
HY'PHEN, f [vpe», Gr.] A note of conjunction: as 
vir-tuc , ever-living. . 
HYPH'YDRA, f. [of vTTo , and Gr. water'; from 
its growing under water.] In botany, a- genus of the clafs 
monoecia, order gynandria. The generic characters are— 
I. Male flowers. Calyx: periailthium one-'leafed, three- 
parted ; lobes obovate, concave, curved in at top, fmooth. 
Corolla: none. Stamina: filaments fix, capillary, long, 
inlerted above the germ at the corners ; antherte roundilh. 
Piftillum: germ empty, in flated, membranaceous, hexago¬ 
nal, truncate at top; ltyle capillary, the length of the fta- 
mens; ftigma none. II. Female flowers. Calyx, corolla, 
and ftamir.a: none. Piftillum: germ roundilli, with three 
fireaks; ltyle triangular ; ftigmas three, acute. Pericar- 
pium: capfule membranaceous, one-celled, three-valved. 
Seed: Angle,ovate, ftriated.— EJfcntial CharaBcr _ Male. 
Calyx one-leafed, three-parted ; corolla none ; Itamina fix, 
inferred above the germ. Female. Calyx and corolla none ; 
ftyle triangular, with three ftigmas; caplule one-celled, 
three-valved ; feed Angle. 
Hyphydra fluviatilis, or river-hyphydra: a Angle fpecies. 
Stems and branches Tender; fome ereft, others decum¬ 
bent, the latter throw out roots.- Flowers in capitate bun¬ 
dles ; each compofed of a male flower, involved in a long 
fliarp bradte, filiate at the edge, and a female flower in¬ 
cluded in three braftes of thelame form ; they are axillary, 
and on a fiender peduncle. This little plant is a native 
of Guiana, and grows three or four feet under water; it 
flowers in February. 
HYPNOLO'GIA, f. [from vmo^ Gr.fleep, and *07.05, a 
dilcourfe.] Inltruftions relative to the due regulation of 
lleep and waking. 
HYPNOTIC, f [i irtoi, Gr.] Any medicine that in¬ 
duces lleep. 
HYP'NUM, J. [faid to be from vi r*o;, Gr. fleep.] In 
botany, a genus of the clafs cryptogamia, order mulci, na¬ 
tural order of mufci, or modes. The generic characters 
are—Capfules oblong: periftomium double; outer with 
fixteen broadilh teeth; inner membranaceous, equal, laci- 
niated ; fegments broadifh, with capillary ones interpoled. 
Males gemmaceous o-sr different plants. Or thus: Pedun¬ 
cle from a lateral tubercle, fenced with fcales; capfule 
outer fringed with fixteen teeth. Male a bud, generally 
on a different plant; withering. 
Hypnum is a very numerous genus of modes. Some 
of the Linntean fpecies have been feparated by Hedwig 
and others, under different genera- There are fifty fpecies 
in the 14th edition of the Syftema Vegetabilum; forty in 
Hudfon’s Flora Anglica; and feventy in the Arrange¬ 
ment of Britilh Plants by Dr. Withering, who, to facili¬ 
tate the inveftigation of the fpecies, has thrown them into 
feven divifions. Figures of them may be feen in Dille- 
nius, Hedwig, Dickfon, Euglilli Botany, Vaillant, Bux- 
bauifi, Morilon, &c. See B.ryum, Dicranum, Fonti- 
kA in s , Leskxa, Mnium, Neckera, and Sphagnum. 
HY'PO, [Toro, Gr.] A prepofit'ion fignifying under ; 
but, in compolition, it imports not only inferiority With 
relpect to fituation, but a remiflion or diminution ; as hy- 
pdcatharfu fignifies a too faint or feeble purgation. 
HYPOCAU'STUM, f. [from vtto, Gr., under, and muo, 
to burn.] Among the Greeks, and Romans, a fubterrane- 
ous place, where was a furnace to heat the baths. Ano¬ 
ther fort of hypocanftum was a kind of kiln to heat then- 
winter parlours. The remains of a Roman hypocauftum,. 
or fweating-room, were difcovered under ground at Lin¬ 
coln in 17 39, We have an account of thefe remains in 
.a 
HYP 
the Philofophical TranfaCHons, N° 461. § 29. Among the 
moderns, the hypocauftum is that place where the fire is 
kept which warms a ftove or hot-houfe. 
HYPOCHCE'RIS,/. [from vi to, Gr. and a hog.] 
Gosmore ; in botany, a genus of the clafs fyngenefia, or¬ 
der polygamia aequalis, natural order of compofitae femi- 
flofculofi, fcichoraceas, J.uJf.) The generic characters are— 
Calyx : common roundilh, imbricated, ventricofe at the 
bale; fcales lanceolate, acute. Corolla : compound im¬ 
bricated, uniform; corollets hermaphrodite, equal, nu¬ 
merous. Proper: one-petalled, ligulate, linear, truncate, 
five-toothed. Stamina: filaments five, capillary, very 
fhort; anthers: cylindrical, tubular.. Piftillum: germ 
ovate; ftyle filiform, the length of the ftamens- - T ftigmas 
tw-o, reflex. Pericarpium : none ; calyx converging, glo¬ 
bular-acuminate. Seeds : folitary, oblong ; down feather¬ 
ed, ftipitate. Receptacle : chaffy ; chaffs lanceolate-linear, 
the length of the feeds.— EJJfcnlial CharaBer. Calyx lub- 
imbricate ; down feathered ; receptacle chaffy. 
Species. 1. Hypochoeris Helvetica, or one-flowered hy¬ 
pochceris: Item Ample, leafy, one-flowered; leaves lan¬ 
ceolate, toothed. Root perennial, almoft fuiiform, thick- 
ilh, fomewhat woody, fometimes divided, dark brown on 
the outfide, white within, milky, putting up one, fome- 
times two or three, items, among abundance of radical- 
leaves- Stem about a {pan high, ltraight, thickening to¬ 
wards the top, hollow, round, ftriated, hirfute, quite Am¬ 
ple, always one-flowered. Flower very large, from ereft 
loreading. The plant has no finell. According to Monfi. 
Villars, the ftem is folitary, two feet high, very thick and. 
villofe, with leaves at the bottom, but naked, or having a 
fingle leaf only, from the middle to the top, where it. 
^preads out, becoming more villofe on the outfide, and 
more hollow within. Leaves oblong, villofe, pointed and 
toothed, raifed up, and not lying on the ground, norfpot- 
. ted. Native of the mountains of Carinthia, Dauphine, 
and feveral parts of the Alps. 
2. Hypochceris maculata, or fpotted hypochceris : ftem. 
almoft naked, branch folitary,leaves ovate-oblong, entire, 
toothed. Root thick ami long, abounding with milky 
juice, as does the reft of the plant. The flower opens at 
fix in the morning, and clofes at four in the afternoon. 
Seeds wrinkled; the ftem, though' generally Ample, has 
fometimes a branch or two. The leaves are boiled ia 
Smoland, and eaten like cabbage ; though bitter, they are 
eaten green by animals, particularly thofe which ruminate,, 
greedily. The country people believe the plant to be a 
cure for tetters, and other cutaneous eruptions, poffibly 
on account of its fpotted leaves. Native of many parts of 
Europe. In England not common ; on Gogmagog-hills,, 
NLewmarket-heath, &c. in Cambridgelhife; Bernack-heath, 
in Northamptonshire ; about Malham Cove, CartmelL 
Wells, and near Settle, in Yorkshire, &c„ flowering in 
July, and perennial. 
3. Hypochceris glabra, or fmooth hypochceris: leaves 
fliining,. flowers fmall. Root annual, the thicknefs of a 
crow-quill, tapering, furnifhed with few fibres, pale brown- 
Root-leaves numerous, fpread on the ground, about the 
length and breadth of the little finger, fiuuate-toothed, a 
little broader at top, fmooth, but not perfectly fo, the 
edges particularly being thinly fet with ftiflilb hairs; thole 
on the ftem few, and very minute.. Stems ufually feveral, 
about feven inches high, nearly upright, divided into two 
or three branches, round, almoft naked, glaucous. The 
ftem is fometimes Ample, in the autumn it is much 
branched and reclining. Leaves Alining, and their teeth 
triangular, fometimes edged with white hairs. It may be 
diltinguiflied by the fmallnels of the flqvvers, not exceed¬ 
ing the iize of a filver threepence, while the heads con¬ 
taining the feeds are altogether as large in proportion to 
the iize of the plant. The flowers are open from about 
nine in the morning till about onfe or two in the after¬ 
noon. It delight's in a gravelly orTandy foil, and expofed 
fituation, and flowers in June. 
4. Hypochceris radicata, or long-rooted hypochceris;. 
k'Axe.is, 
