H Y S 
^58 H Y 8 
'having long narrow leaves under each, the corolla of a 
fine red colour. It is more tender, all the plants having- 
been deftroyed in the. fevere winter of 1739. That with 
white flowers, y, does not differ from the blue , «, in any other 
particular. Hairy hyjfop, 0, which Parkinfon calls ruffet 
hylfope, differs no otherwise than in the wodlinefs of the 
Item and leaves, giving them an afh or rulfet colour. The 
leaves vary in colour as well as the flowers, fome being 
white, ftriped with white, or half green, half white, H. fol. 
niveis of Parkinfon. Others with the leaves wholly yel¬ 
low, or but a little green in .them ; H. aureus, yellow or 
golden hylfop of Parkinfon, which he fays is “ of lb plea- 
iant a colour, that it provokes many gentlewomen to 
wear them in their heads and on their arms, with as much 
delight as many fine flowers can give.” 
2. Hyffopus iophanthus, or mint-leaved hylfop : corol¬ 
las refupinate, lower ftamen Ihorter than the corolla, leaves 
cordate. Root ftrcng, fibrous, perennial, fending out 
many fquare'llalks, which divide into fmaller branches. 
Leaves oblong, crenate. Flowers produced at each joint 
in fmall cl niters; the colour is blue; they appear in June 
and July,'and the feeds ripen in September. It grows 
naturally in Siberia. The feeds were lent to Mr. Miller 
from the imperial garden at Peterlburgh, and afterwards 
from Holland. 
3. Hylfopus nepetoides, or fquare-ftalked hylfop •. ftem 
{harp, quadrangular. Root perennial. Stem upright, near 
four feet high. Flowers yellow ; feeds brown. Native 
of Virginia and Canada ; cultivated in 1692 in the bota¬ 
nic garden at Oxford. Gouan remarks that it has the 
appearance of galeoptis; that the ftem is either green and 
very even, with fmooth leaves ; or hairy, tinged with 
purple, and hairy leaves ; that the fpikes are cylindrical, 
nearly as thick as the little finger, three inches long, very 
fmooth and clofe ; that the bractes are large and cordate- 
ovate ; and that there are from four to eight flowers to each 
braCte. There is a variety with purple ltalks and flowers, 
the leaves on longer foot-ftalks, and the fpikes of flowers 
thicker. 
Propagation and Culture. Common hyfl'op, with all its 
varieties, may be propagated either by feeds or cuttings ; 
if by feeds, they mull be fown in March, upon a bed of 
light fandy foil ; and, when the plants come up, they 
fhould be tranfplanted out to the places where they are 
to remain, placing them at leaft a foot afunder each way ; 
but, if they are deiigned to abide in thofe places for a 
long time, two feet diftance will be fmall enough, for 
they grow pretty large, efpecially if they are not frequently 
cut to keep them within compafs. If you would propa¬ 
gate them by cuttings, they fhould be planted in April 
or May, in a border where they may be defended from 
the violent heat of the fun ; and being frequently watered, 
they will take root in about two months ; after which, 
they may be tranfplanted where they are to continue, 
managing them as was before directed for the feedling 
plants. They are very hardy plants, which will endure 
the cold of our winters in the open air, provided they are 
planted in a dry undunged foil; for, when they are planted 
in a rich foil, they grow very luxuriant in lummer, and 
are lefs able to reiift the cold in winter; fo that when 
any of thefe plants grow out of the joints of old walls, 
as they frequently do, they will refill the mod fevere froft, 
and will be much more aromatic than thofe which grow 
in a rich foil. The other two forts are alfo very hardy, 
and may be eafily propagated by feeds fown in autumn, 
for thofe fown in the fpring often lie a year in the ground 
before they vegetate ; when the plants come up, keep them 
clean from weeds, and thin them where they are too clofe. 
The following autumn tranfplant them where they are to 
remain, and the roots will abide feveral years. See Dra- 
COCEphalum, Rinanthus, Sideritis, and Thymbra. 
HYSTAS'PES, a noble Perfian, of the family of the 
Achxmenidcs. His father’s name was Arfames. His fon 
.Darius reigned in Perlia after the murder of the ufurper 
;S>merdis. It is find, by Ctefias, that he vviilied to be car¬ 
ried to fee the royal monument which his fon had built 
between two mountains. The priefts who carried him, 
as reported, flipped the cord with which he was fufpended 
in afcenaing the mountain, and he died of the fall. Hyf- 
tafpes was the firft who introduced the learning and myf- 
teries of the Indian brachmans into Perfia, and to his re- 
fearches in India the fciences were greatly indebted, par¬ 
ticularly in Perfia. Darius is called liyflafpes, or fon of 
Hyftal'pis, to diftinguilh him from his royal fucceffors of 
the fame name. Herodotus. 
HYSTERIC, or Hysterical, adj. \liyflerique , Fr. 
from vdhfiiy.oi, Gr.J Troubled with fits; diibrdered in the 
regions of the womb.—In hyfleric women "the rarity of 
fymptoms doth oft ftrike an aftonifhment into fpeftators. 
Harvey .—Proceeding from diforders in the womb: 
Parent of vapours, and of female wit. 
Who gave th’ hyfleric or poetic fit. Pope. 
HYSTER'ICS, f. Fits of women, fuppofed to proceed 
from diforders in the womb. 
HYSTE'RIUM,/. in botany, a genus of the clafs cryp¬ 
togam ia, order fungi. Generic eflential characters—Fun¬ 
gus fefiile, hollow, with a tranverfe cleft at top ; feeds 
globular, taillefs, covering the difk. 
Gmelin’s Linnaeus has two fpecies : H. candidum and 
H. caeruleum ; for which Tode 8. 60, 62. is quoted. The 
genus is omitted in Martyn’s edition of Miller. But Al- 
bertini and Schweiniz, in their Confpefitus Fungorum, 
publiflied in 1805, enlarge much tipon this genus, of which 
they have feyenteen. fpecies, viz. H. mytilinum, globofum, 
pulicare, angullatum, longum, cinereum, fraxini, rubi, 
quercinum, abietinum, crilpum, conigenum, fphaerioides, 
pinaftri, arundinaceum, viride, and petiolare. To exem¬ 
plify the genus, it will be fufficient to defcribe one fpecies 
at length : 
Hyfterium fphaerioides, or fpherical hylterium: dif- 
perfed, naked, hemifpherical, bright and black, the hi¬ 
atus double, and at lafl broadly elliptical. Size finall ; 
form fpherical in general, fometimes a little femi-elliptical. 
In its infancy, the young fungus, be.ing entirely fliut and 
bright, offers nothing to the view but a roundifli and 
uniform fpot: the adult prefents a longitudinal chink, 
which, at the approach of fructification, opens in a two¬ 
fold elliptical and nearly orbicular mouth. A particu¬ 
larity which was never obferved hitherto (by us however) 
in any other fpecies, is, that this fungus poffeffes a dou¬ 
ble covering or bark ; the exterior pellicle being of a 
fliining black; the interior dirty, fainter, and of ablackifti 
brown. The exterior covering fpreading itfelf more than 
the interior, the double lips of the orifice come eafily into 
fight. We have feen fpecimens half full of their well- 
known foft and whitifh fubftance ; others, after fructifi¬ 
cation time, entirely empty. Specimens of all ages are 
frequently found, and were collected once among the de¬ 
cayed old fallen and putrid leaves of the Ledus paluftris; 
feafon, the end of May. On the annexed Engraving this 
fungus is fhown, at fig. 3, of the natural fize ; at rig. 4, 
it is-magnified, and appears on a leaf in its three ftates : 
a, the longitudinal chink; £,-the elliptical opening; c, the 
orbicular mouth. 
HYSTEROPH'ORUS,/! in botany. See Parthenium. 
HYSTEROPOT'MOI,/. [Greek.] Such as had been 
thought dead, and after a long ablence jn foreign coun¬ 
tries returned fafe home ; or luch as had been thought 
dead in battle, and afterwards unexpectedly efcaped from 
their enemies, and returned home. Thefe (among the Ro¬ 
mans) were not permitted to enter their own houfes at the 
door, but were received at a paffage opened in the roof. 
HYSTEROT'OMY, fl. [from vdhpa, Gr. the womb, 
and Top.o?, a fieCtion.] The Csefarian operation, the cutting 
a child out of the womb. 
HYSTRICIA'SIS, [from hyjlrix, Lat. a hedgehog.] A 
difeafe in which the hair is faid to Hand ereCl like the 
prickles of a hedgehog. See Phil. Tranl. No. 424. 
HYST'RIX, /in botany. See Barleria and Elymu?. 
1 HYS'TRIX, 
