J A C 
divinity, which he cultivated with the greateft vigour and 
fuccefs. His proficiency in this fcience occafioned his 
being felefled to read a divinity-ledlure in his college 
every Sunday morning; and induced the matter and fel¬ 
lows of Pembroke college, foon after its foundation, to 
appoint him reader of a fimilar ledlure on a week-day in 
that houfe. He was chofen vice-prefident of his college 
feveral years fucceffively; in the difcharge of which office 
he moderated at the divinity-difputations, in a manner 
equally creditable to his profound learning and to his 
courtefy, candour, and modefty. In the year 1610 he 
took the degree of bachelor of divinity; and in 1622, that 
of doctor in the fame faculty. Two years afterwards he 
quitted the college, having obtained a benefice in his na¬ 
tive country ; which he relinquifhed in a fhort time, for 
the vicarage of St. Nicholas in Newcaftle-upon-Tyne. In 
this large cure of fouls, while he purfued his former ftu- 
dious courfe of life, he faithfully difcharged his paftoral 
duties, and fecured the affe&ions of his flock by his 
obliging humble manners, and liberal beneficence. He 
was alfo much followed and admired as a preacher. At 
this time he was rigidly Calviniftic in his fentiments. Be¬ 
ing afterwards, however, appointed chaplain to Dr. Neile, 
biffiop of Durham, that prelate fucceeded in making him 
a convert to Arminianifm, at leaft with rel'pecl to the doc¬ 
trine of abl'olute predettination. Through the joint in- 
terefts of Dr. Neile and Dr. Laud, in the year 1630, he 
was defied prefident of Corpus-Chrifti college; in which 
iituation he conducted himfelf with great prudence, can¬ 
dour, integrity, and fidelity. Upon his obtaining this 
promotion, he refigned his vicarage in Newcaftle, and 
loon afterwards was nominated chaplain-in-ordinary to 
his majefly, and collated to the vicarage of Witney in 
Oxfordfnire. In the year 1635, he was made a prebend 
of Winchefter; and in the fummer of 1638 he was pro¬ 
moted to the deanery of Peterborough. The latt-menti- 
oned dignity he did not enjoy quite two years, as he died 
in 1640, when he was in the flxty-firft year of his age. 
Dr. Jackfon polfeffed a folid and penetrating judgment, 
and his learning was very various and extenfive. His 
works are exceedingly numerous, and entirely theologi¬ 
cal. The principal of them confift of Commentaries on 
the Apoftle’s Creed, in twelve books, which were pub- 
lifhed at different periods from 1613 to 1627. The reft 
of his compofitions are chiefly fermons. A complete col¬ 
lection of the whole W'as printed in 1672 and in 1673, in 
3 vols. folio, with the life of the author prefixed. 
JACK/SON (William), an eminent mufical compofer 
and a man of letters, was born in 1730 at Exeter. His 
father, a fliop-keeper in that city, gave him a liberal edu¬ 
cation, with a view to a learned profeffion ; but he dis¬ 
played fo decided a tafte for mufic,_ that he was placed as 
a pupil to Mr. Travers, organift to the cathedral of Exe¬ 
ter. In 1748 he removed to London, and palled two 
years under the tuition of Mr. Travers, organift to the 
king’s chapel, and an eminent fong-compofer.. He then 
returned to his. native place, where he lettled for life as 
a teacher, performer, and compoler, of inufic. He foon 
attained reputation and employment; but it was not till 
1777 that he fucceeded to the place of fub-chanter, or¬ 
ganift, lay-vicar, and matter of the choritiers, in the ca¬ 
thedral. His talents in mufical compolition were firft 
made known in- 1755, when he .printed a collection of 
twelve fongs, let in a manner lb Ample, elegant, and ori¬ 
ginal, as prelently to become favourites with the public. 
As he joined to mufical fcience a tafte for poetry, he made 
choice of feme of the molt pleafing lyric pieces in the lan¬ 
guage as the vehicles for his notes ; by which he is ad- 
•vantageoudy diftinguilhed from the generality of compo- 
fers. Mr. jackfon pubiillied a lecond and a third collection 
of longs ; and it is by his vocal compofitions- that he has 
acquired the greateft reputation. Among his mufical 
works are alfo anthems, hymns, odes, elegies, and canzo¬ 
nets,- fome of them of great merit and originality. Cnafte- 
nefs of conception, ingenuity of conftruftion, and truth 
j a c m 
of expreflion, are their general chara&erlftics. In inltru" 
mental mufic fome of his fonatas for the harpfichord are 
much applauded. His manufeript anthems and lervices 
for Exeter cathedral were much admired by all who heard 
them, as producing all the devotional effects which could 
refult from an union of the poetical with the mufical tafte. 
He firft appeared to the world in a literary capacity by 
a publication, in 1782, of Thirty Letters on various Sub¬ 
jects, 2 vols. fmall Svo. This mifcellany contains many 
ftriking reflections upon men, manners, and opinions, 
fometimes lingular and paradoxical, but generally lively 
and inftruCtive. An attempt to revive the exploded doc¬ 
trine of equivocal generation, and another to retrieve the 
poetical reputation of Quarles, are thofe in which the in¬ 
genious writer fartheft deviates from the common judg¬ 
ment. Thefe letters were well received, and were repub- 
lilhed in a third edition with additions and corrections in 
1795. A pamphlet, entitled, Obfervations on the prefent 
State of Mufic in London, which he publilhed in 1791, 
was thought to betray fome prejudice againft the modem 
mailers, and undue preference of thofe under whom the 
writer’s mufical tafte was formed, intermixed, however,, 
with valuable and judicious obfervations. In 1798 Mr. 
Jackfon again appeared as a fnifcellaneous writer, in 
a volume entitled, The-Four Ages ; together with Ef- 
fays on various Subjects, 8vo. The firft of thefe pieces, 
which compofes the greater part of the volume, is an at¬ 
tempt to ftiow that the ancient fymbolical reprefentation 
of periods of the world by different metals, in reality 
takes place in the reverie order from the common, 
ftatement. He is therefore a ftrenuous advocate for the 
opinion of the progreffional Hate of mankind, and the 
profpeCts of futute amelioration. His other effays are 
ingenious, fprightly, but fomewhat paradoxical. They- 
lliow a man who had thought for himfelf, but was fome¬ 
times influenced by a fondnefs for Angularity. To his 
other taftes, he added that for painting, in which art he 
was no mean proficient. He employed his pencil chiefly 
in landfcape, and by his ftudy of ilrong and partial lights 
produced ftriking effeCls. Mr. Jackfon was a member of 
a very refpeCtable literary fociety inftituted at Exeter in 
1792, which publilhed an octavo volume of their joint 
contributions in 1796. He was extremely well qualified 
for converfation, by extenfive information, a turn for plea- 
fantry, and a communicative and focial difpofition. He 
enjoyed a very feleCt acquaintance, and was greatly re- 
fpeCled by the principal perfans in his neighbourhood. 
He died of an arch mafic complaint in 1803., aged 73. 
JACK'SON, a new county of Georgia, in North Ame¬ 
rica. 
JACK'SON’s RIV'ER, a head water of James’s River 
in Virginia, riles in the Warm Spring. Mountains, about 
twenty miles fouth-weft of the Warm Spring Mountains, 
and runs fouth-weft through the valley until Carpenter’s 
creek joins it from that quarter, when the river affumes 
the name of Fluvanna, and flows fouth-eaft. About 
three quarters of a mile from its fou: ce it falls over a rock 
two hundred feet into the valley below. The Iheetof 
water is broken in its breadth by the rock in two or three 
places, but not in its height. Between the lheet arid the 
rock at the bottom you may walk acrofs dry. It is near 
half as high again as Niagara, but is only twelve or fif¬ 
teen feet wide. 
JACK'SONSBOROUGH, a fmall poll-town of Spjith- 
Carolina, on the eaft fide of Edifto river, about thirty- 
five miles weft of Charleftown. 
JAC'MEL, a jurifdiCtion.and fea-port town on-the fouth 
fide of the illand of St. Domingo. This- jurifdiCtion in 
the French part of the illand, contains three pariflies, is re¬ 
markable for the goodnefs of its foil, and the abundant 
crops of coffee, and is fufceptibleof a great augmentation. 
Its exports, from January 1, 9, to Dec. 31 of the lame 
year, were 27,3301b. white fugar; 55,6241b, brown fugar; 
4,072,7021b. of coffee ; 406,8321b. cotton ; and 10,0461b. 
indigo. The duties on exportation of the above amount¬ 
ed 
