670 J A C 
j A D 
tlie villages and country towns of Provence, taking no 
more reconrpence foi* his fervices than juft iitfficed for his 
humble maintenance. He then vifited other provinces ; 
and, at length, ventured to praftife in great towns, hav¬ 
ing, by his natural fagacity, without any knowledge of 
anatomy, improved upon, his mailer’s method of litho¬ 
tomy, which was that of the greater apparatus. His 
name, at length, fpread throughout the kingdom as the 
r.ioft fuccefsful lithotomift of his time, and the capital 
only remained as a new theatre of his glory. In feveral 
vifits to it he met with the fevere criticilm of fcience, as 
well as the ill offices of envy ; and the death of the mar- 
fhal de Lorges, the day after he had operated upon him, 
caufedhim to quit Paris in fome difgrace. He went from 
France to Aix-la-Chapelle, Geneva, and Amltefda'm, fre¬ 
quented by numerous patients at thole and the interme¬ 
diate places, and increafing his reputation by his fuccefs. 
At Arnllerdam the celebrated anatomiil and lurgeon Rau 
oppofitd him with acrimony ; but did not refute to bor¬ 
row from him his method, which, with fome improvements, 
confiituted the lateral operation, afterwards brought to 
perfection by Chefelden. The magiltrates were lenfible 
of his merit, and caul'ed his portrait to be engraved, and 
a medal to be ftruck to bis honour. He thence went to 
Strafburg, and was called to Vienna to be confulted for 
the emperor Jofeph. Thence he pafied into Italy, where 
a vaft number of patients waited for him in the different 
cities. At Rome he was received with great honour by 
the pope; but, being now defirous of finilhing his days in 
retirement, he returned to his native country, and chcfe 
a retreat near Befangon, where he died at the age of fix- 
tv-nine. 
' JACQUIN'IA, f. [So named by Linnaeus, in honour 
of Nic. Jof. de jacquin, profeffor of botany at Vienna, 
born at Leyden in 1727, and author of many fplendid 
works.] In botany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, or¬ 
der monogynia, natural order of dumofae? (lapotae, JuJf.) 
The generic characters are—Calyx; perianthium five- 
leaved ; leaflets roundilh, concave, permanent. Corolla : 
one-petalled; tube beil-lhaped, vehtricofe, longer than 
the calyx; border ten-cleft; divifions roundilh, of which 
the five interior, ones are Ihorter. Stamina: filaments 
five, awl-ffiaped, arifing from the receptacle; anther® 
l'pear-ihaped. Piftillum: germ ovate ; llyle the length of 
theftamens; ftigma headed. Pericarpium: berry round- 
ilh, acuminate, one-celled. Seed: fingle, roundilh, carti¬ 
laginous .—EJfendat Chara8er K Corolla ten-cleft; Itamina 
inlerted into the receptacle; berry one-feeded. 
Species . 1. Jacquinia armillaris, or obtufe-leaved jac- 
quinia : leaves obtufe, coriaceous, flowers in racemes, ber¬ 
ries four-feeded or thereabouts. This is a very elegant 
upright Ihrub, feldom more than four or five feet high. 
Trunk round, thicker and knobbed where the branches 
come out, covered with an afh-coloured bark. Branches 
four or five from each joint towards the top, in whorls, 
fpreading, Itiff, round, grooved, brittle, hoary, fubdivided, 
and forming all together a neat globular head. Leaves 
fcattered, alternate, petioled, cluttered towards the ends 
of the twigs, wedge-lhaped, ovate, obtufely margined, 
quite entire, veinlels, fmooth underneath, with very mi¬ 
nute black dots : according to Jacquin, they are of dif¬ 
ferent lhapes between oblong and roundilh, fometimes 
blunt, fometimes emarginate, but always with a little ri¬ 
gid point, rigid, narrowing into a very fhort petiole, and 
fometimes rolled back at the fides. Flowers fmall, Itiffilh, 
white, fmelling like jafmine, and retaining their fweet 
Icent feveral days. Berry roundilh, fmooth, the fize of a 
large pea, of a reddilh orange-colour, and containing an 
orange-coloured pulp. Seeds four, (fometimes, but lel- 
dom, three or five.) ovate, fmooth, Alining, cartilaginous, 
brownilh yellow. The berries are eaten by fmall birds, 
and the feeds are fining for bracelets by the Caribees, 
whence the French in the ihands call this Ihrub bois brace- 
ids, and Linnaeus gave it the trivial name of armillaris. 
The Spaniards call it barbajeo, or verbafeum. Native of 
South America and the Wefl-India iflands; on the cal¬ 
careous rocks of Jamaica, on the coaft; flowering in Fe¬ 
bruary and March; in Curagoa, Martinico, Carthapena, 
&c. 
2. Jacquinia venofa, or vein-leaved jacquinia: leaves 
ovate, lanceolate, veined, fubmembranaceous. Native of 
the Well Indies. 
3. Jacquinia rufcifolia,-or prickly jacquinia: leaves 
lanceolate, acuminate. This is a Ihrub three feet in height, 
with all the habit of the preceding. It differs in having 
the leaves lanceolate, acuminate, pungent, extremely Itiff, 
and Ihorter. The peduncles are pendulous as in that, 
and one-flowered. Native of South America. Jacquin 
obferved it at the Havannah in mountain-woods, flower¬ 
ing in January and February. It was cultivated in 1729 
by James Sherard, M.D. 
4- Jacquinia linearis, or linear-leaved jacquinia : leaves 
linear, acuminate. A ihrub two feet in height, very much 
branched, of the fame habit with the two preceding, but 
not fo neat. Leaves extremely rigid, pungent like thorns, 
often twilled, fubfeflile, an inch long, molt frequently 
four together in whorls at each joint. Peduncles one- 
flowered, folitary, terminating, pendulous, Ihorter than 
the leaves. Flowers ftiffifli, and without any fmell; pe¬ 
tals white, with all the fegments convex, the outer ones 
fpreading, the inner almolt ereft. Berries yellow'. Na¬ 
tive of the ifland of St. Domingo, about Port au Prince, 
on the coaft; flowering and fruiting in January. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants mult be kept in 
the bark-ftove, giving them little water in winter, and in 
warm weather plenty of frefh air. They are railed from 
feeds procured from the countries where they grow na¬ 
turally, and afterwards from cuttings; but it is with dif¬ 
ficulty that thefe take root. See Trilix. 
JACTA'TION,yi [from jadio, Lat. to throw.] A vain 
boaft. Bailey. 
JACTA'TOR,/. A vain boalter. Bailey. 
JACTITA'TION, f. [ ja&ito, Lat.] Tolling; motion; 
reltleflnefs ; heaving.—If the patient be furprifed with 
jadlitation, or great oppreflion about the ftomach, exoefft 
no relief from cordials. Harvey. —A term in the canon 
law for a falfe preteniion to marriage. 
JAC'ULABLE, adj. [from jaculabilis, Lat.] Capable of 
being darted. Bailey. Not uj'ed. 
JACULA'TION, f. [ jaculatio, jaculor, Lat.] The a< 5 l 
of throw’ing miflive weapons : 
So hills amid the air encounter'd hills, 
Hurl’d to and fro with jaculation dire. Milton. 
JAC'ULATORY, adj. [from jaculor, Lat. to dart.] 
Thrown luddenly ; thrown like a dart. 
JACUR'SO, a town of Italy, in.the kingdom of Naples, 
and province of Calabria Ultra : eight miles welt of Squil- 
lace. 
JAC'ZINOW, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Red Ruflia : fifty-two miles fouth of Halicz. 
JA'DA, [Hebrew.] A man’s name. 
JA'DAN, [Hebrew.] A man’s name. 
JAD'DUA, [Hebrew.] A man’s name. 
JAD'DUA, or Jaddus, liigh-prieft of the Jew's, fuc- 
ceeded his father Johanan in that office in the year 342 
B.C. During his pontificate, Alexander the Great laid 
liege to Tyre; and, being informed that the Tyrians were 
chiefly lupplied with provifions from Judea, Samaria, and 
Galilee, lent his commiffaries to Jaddua, requiring him 
to furnilh thofe neceffaries for the fabfiftence of his army 
which he had been accultomed to fend to the Perfians. 
Jaddua modeftly excufed himfelf from complying with 
this command, alleging, that his oath of fidelity to Da¬ 
rius did not permit him to transfer that tribute to an ene¬ 
my. Alexander, provoked at this refufal, had no fooner 
fucceeded in the reduftion of Tyre, than he marched to¬ 
wards Jerufalem, refolving to punilh the Jews with as 
great feverity as he had done the Tyrians. When the 
liigh-prielt and the reft of the people were informed of 
’ liis 
