672 J A F 
Wirtemberg above the Steig; in 1689, licentiate in divi¬ 
nity ; in 1692, do ft or and profeflbr-extraordinary of that 
faculty ; in 1698, counfellor tq the duke of Wirtemberg, 
fuperintendant-general and abbot of the convent of Maul- 
brunn ; in 1699, confiftorial counfellor and preacher to 
the cathedral at Stutgard; fuperintendant-general and 
abbot of the convent of Adelberg; and laftly, in 1702, fir It 
profeffor of divinity, chancellor of the univerfity, and 
provoft of the church, at Tubingen. He was the author 
of a multitude of works, which refleft great credit on his 
talents and erudition. The principal of them are, 1. Hif- 
toria Ecclefiaftica, cum Parallelifmo .Profanae, 1709, 2 vol. 
folio. 2. Compendium Theologize per Fcedtra. 3. jus 
Dei fcederale delineatum a J. W. J. u’oi ad Examen voca- 
tur Puftendorfii Jus feciale divinum, &c. 1698, 8vo. 3. 
Traftatus de Fcedere Gratiae ejufque CEconomia fub Pe- 
riodis 7 Vet. & Nov. Teft. 1701, 4to. 4. Examen Theo¬ 
logize novae & maxiine Petri Poireti, & Antonia; Burig- 
nonise, &c. 1708, 8vo. 5. Examen Theologias Myfcicse 
veteris & novae, &c. 1709, 8vo. intended to refute Fene- 
lon, Poiret, Molinos, &c. 6. Traftatus de F.cclefia, &c. 
7. Theologia Moralis. 8. Theologia Naturalis. 9. Ob- 
fervationes Theologicas & Morales in Grotium de Jure 
Belli & Pads, 1710, 8vo. 10. Traftatus Morales de Ju- 
rame-ntis, de Confcientia, de Legibus, &c. 11. Defenfio 
Jofephi Imperatoris contra Bullam dementis. 12. Roma 
cum Regno Italize Carolo VI. vindicata. 13. Differtatio 
de Spinolifmo, Spinofae Vitam & Doftrinam ad Examen 
revocans. 14. Traftatus de Legibus, turn in Genere, 
turn in Specie, 1688, 8vo. Together with Thefes, Sec'. 
JAE'GERSPREIS, a town of Denmark, in the Ifland 
' of Zealand : twenty-two miles north-welt of Copen¬ 
hagen. 
JA'EL, [Heb. a kid.] The name of a woman. 
JA'EN, a province of Spain, bounded on the north by 
la Mancha, on the eaft by the provinces of Murcia and 
Grenada, on the fouth by Grenada, and on the well by 
Cordova; about fixty miles from north to fouth, and 
nearly as much from eaft to weft, almoft wholly furrounded 
with mountains, which afford mines of lead, copper, and 
filver. It was a kingdom in the time of the Moors, till 
annexed to the crown of Caftile ; and the king of Spain 
takes the title of King of Jaen, although it is now in¬ 
cluded in the government of Andalulia. The principal 
towns are Jaen, Baega, Ubeda, Cagorla, and Callona. 
JA'EN, a city of Spain, and capital of the province of 
the fame name, fituated on a fmall river, which foon af¬ 
ter runs into the Guadalquivir. It is furrounded with 
walls, and defended by fome ramparts, towers, and a caftle. 
It is tolerably large, and contains fome beautiful churches 
and convents, and is \vell fupplied with water by numer¬ 
ous fountains, one of which, in particular, iflues out of 
a rock in a ftream, fufficient to forma brook. This town 
was taken from the Moors by Ferdinand III. kingof Caf¬ 
tile, in the year 1246, and the bilhopric of Bae$a removed 
to it two years after, by Innocent IV. The country 
about is exceedingly fertile in corn, wine, and oil, with 
abundance of filk, and the moft excellent fruit: thirty-fix 
miles north of Grenada, and forty-five eaft of Cordova. 
Lat. 37. 53. N. Ion. 12. 54. E. Peak of Tenerifte. 
JA'EN, or Bracamoros, a government of South Ame¬ 
rica, in the audience of Quito, conquered from the In¬ 
dians in the year 1538. The climate is mild, and all the 
neceftaries of life are produced in abundance. The cul¬ 
ture of tobacco forms the principal bufinefs of the inhabi¬ 
tants, the gold mines being abandoned. Rain is frequent. 
JA'EN de Bracamoros, a town of South America, in 
the audience of Quito, capital of a government of the 
fame name; founded in the year 1549. It is the refi- 
dence of a governor, and contains about 4000 inhabitants, 
among which are but few Spaniards: 330 miles north- 
north-eaft of Lima. Lat. 6. 50. S._ Ion. 55. 30. W. Ferro. 
JA'ERSBORG, a town of Denmark, in the illand of 
Zealand : five miles north-north-weft of Copenhagen. 
JA'FA, a lake of Perfia, in the province of Segeftan: 
thirty-feven leagues fouth of Kin. 
J A G 
JA'FA, a country of-Arabia, fituated to the north of 
Aden, and weft of Hadramaut; it is fertile, and abounds 
particularly in coffee. Jafa was formerly under the do¬ 
minion of the imam ; but in the end of the 17th century 
the inhabitants revolted, and made themfelves indepen¬ 
dent. They are governed at prefent by three fovereign 
princes, who.have conquered alfo a part of the province 
of Hadramaut. 
JAFTA, a town of Afia, in Paleftine, fituated near the 
coaft of the Mediterranean, formerly a celebrated city, 
and called Joppa, frequently mentioned in the feriptures, 
being the port where Jonah embarked on his miftion to 
Nineveh, and the place where Peter raifed Tabitha from 
the dead. It is now inhabited by Turks or Arabs, with 
a mixture of Greeks, Maronites, and Armenians. The 
lioufes are fmall, and furrounded with the ruins of the 
ancient walls and towers ; upon the coaft are fome houfes 
of ftone and magazines. The road is protefted by a caf¬ 
tle built on a rock ; the harbour is deftroyed, and the wa¬ 
ter is fo thallow that large vefiels cannot come clofe 
enough to the land to unload. The Franks, Greeks, and 
Armenians, have each of them fmall houfes for the re¬ 
ception of pilgrims of different nations. The principal 
commerce is in grain ; particularly rice from Egypt. The 
money paid by the pilgrims, for permiflion to vifit the 
Holy Land, is part of it fent to Mecca, and part to the 
killar-aga of Conftantinople ; but the cuftoms belong to 
the pacha of Gaza, in whofe jurifdiftion it is fituated. 
Jaffa was laid wafte in the' crufades, and afterwards de¬ 
ftroyed by an earthquake. In the year 1799, Jaffa was 
taken by Bonaparte, as related in our article Egyjpt, 
vol. vi. p. 331 ; but is now again in pofleflion of the 
Turks. In profane hiftory, it is faid to be the place from 
whence Perfeus delivered Andromeda. Seven leagues 
north-weft of Gaza, and eleven weft of Jerufalem. Lat. 
31.45. N. Ion. 53. E. Greenwich. 
JAFFATEE'N ISLANDS, the name of four iflands in 
the Red Sea, vifited by Mr. Bruce in his late travels. 
They are joined together by flioals or funk rocks ; are 
crooked or bent like half a bow ; and are dangerous for 
fliips in the night-time, becaufe there feems to be a paf- 
fage between them, to which while the pilots are paying 
attention, they negleft two fmall funk rocks which lie al¬ 
moft in the middle of the entrance in deep water. 
JAF'FERY, a townfhip of the American States, in Che- 
fhire county, New.Hampfhire, on the fouth fide of the 
Great Monadnock, fix miles north of the Maflachufetts 
line, nineteen eaft of Connefticut river, and about fifty- 
fix weft-fouth-weft of Portfmouth. 
JAFFIERABAD', a town of Hindooftan, in the country 
of Berar: forty miles north-north-eaft of Arungabad, and 
fixty fouth of Burhanpour. Lat. 20. 22. N. Ion. 76. 25. E. 
Greenwich. 
JAFFNAPATAM', a town of the ifland of Ceylon, 
fituated on a peninfula, and furrounded with high walls, 
flanked with four baftions, a fort, and other out-works. 
It was anciently the capital of an independent kingdom, 
which was divided into four provinces. The foil is low, 
fertile, and planted with beautiful trees ; and the country 
is fo populous, that they reckon 160 towns in a diftrift of 
twelve leagues in length and eight in breadth. The firft 
European fettlement was made by the Portuguefe, who 
were driven out by the Dutch. Lat. 9.45. N. Ion.80.12. E. 
Greenwich. 
JA'GELITZ, a river of Germany, in Upper Saxony, 
which runs into the Dofle fix miles fouth of Kyritz. 
JAG'ERNDORF, a principality of Silefia: it was ori¬ 
ginally a part of the country of Troppau, and was firft 
erefted into a diftinft principality in favour of duke Ni¬ 
colas V. grandfon to John I. duke of Troppau and Rati- 
bor, who took up his refidence at Jagerndorf. Frederic 
William, eleftor of Brandenburg, in 1686, received fome 
equivalent or fatisfaftion for his pretentions to Jagern- 
dorf; but, notwithftanding this, in 1740 Frederic II. king 
of Pruffia, thought proper to revive his claim; and at the 
peace of Berlin, in 1742, Maria Therefa, queen of Hun- 
3 gary 
