676 J A M 
ftroyed their provisions, carried off their effects, and aban¬ 
doned their dwellings, as he approached. By this means 
he was led on from place to place, until he had ad¬ 
vanced three days journey into the country of the Jaloffs. 
He had, indeed, met with no oppofition ; but his army 
had futFered fo much from the fcarcity of water, that Se¬ 
veral of his men died by the way. This induced him to 
direft his march towards a watering place in the woods, 
where his men having quenched their thirft, and being 
overcome with fatigue, lay down carelefsly to deep among 
the bullies. In this Situation they were attacked by Da¬ 
niel before day-break, and completely routed. Many of 
them were trampled to death, as they lay alleep, by the 
Jaloffs’ horfes; others were killed in attempting to make 
their efcape ; and a ftill greater number were taken pri¬ 
soners. Among the latter was Abdulkader himfelf. This 
ambitious, or rather frantic, prince, who, but a month 
before, had lent the threatening meffage to Darnel, was 
now himfelf led into his prefence as a iniferable captive. 
The behaviour of Darnel, on this occafion, is never men¬ 
tioned by the finging-vicn, the hiftorians of the country, 
but in terms of the higheft approbation ; and it was, in¬ 
deed, fo extraordinary in an African prince, that the reader 
may find it difficult to give credit to the recital. When 
his royal prifoner was brought before him in irons, and 
thrown upon the ground, the magnanimous Darnel, inftead 
of Setting his foot upon his neck, and ftabbing him with 
his fpear, according to the cuftom in fuch cafes, addreffed 
him as follows : “Abdulkader, anfwer me this queftion. 
If the chance of war had placed me in your Situation, 
and you in mine, how would you have treated me ?” “ I 
■would have thruft my fpear into your heart (returned 
Abdulkader with great firmnefs) ; and I know that a 
fimilar fate awaits me.” “ Not fo (faid Darnel) ; my fpear 
is indeed red with the blood of your Subjects killed in 
battle, and I could now give it a deeper ftain, by dipping 
it in your own ; but this would not build up my towns, 
nor bring to life the thoufands who fell in the woods. I 
will not therefore kill you in cold blood, but I will re¬ 
tain you as my Have, until I perceive that your prefence 
in your own kingdom will be no longer dangerous to your 
neighbours j and then I will confider of the proper way 
of difpofing of you.” Abdulkader was accordingly re¬ 
tained, and worked as a Have for three months ; at the 
end of which period, Darnel liftened to the folicitations of 
the inhabitants of Foota Torra, and reftored to them their 
king. Strange as this ftory may appear, Mr. Park has no 
doubt of the truth of it. It was told to him at Malacotta 
by the negroes; it was afterwards related to him by the 
Europeans on the Gambia ; by feme of the French at 
Goree ; and Confirmed by nine (laves, who were taken 
prifoners along with Abdulkader by the watering-place 
in the woods, and carried in the fame (hip with him to 
the Weft Indies.—Such generality as this refleCls honour 
on human nature. 
JA'LON, [Hebrew.] A man’s name. 
JALONIT'ZA, a town of European Turkey, in Wa¬ 
lachia, on a river of the fame name: ninety-five miles 
(outh-weft of Ifmail, and 240 north of Conftantinople. 
JALOU'R, a town of Hindooftan, in the country of 
Agimere : lixty-five miles weft-north-weft; of Oudipour. 
Lat. 25. 15. N. Ion. 73. 40. E. Greenwich. 
JALOW'KA, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate 
of Troki : twenty-four miles South of Grodno. 
IAL'YSUS, a town of Rhodes, built by Ialyfus, of 
whom Protogenes was making a beautiful painting when 
Demetrius Poliorcetes took Rhodes. The Telchines were 
born there. Ovid. 
JAM,/- [ jammah , Indian.] A long muflin drefs for 
children.—The long muflin drefs is in India ufually worn 
both by Hindoos and Mahometans, and is called jammah ; 
whence the drefs well known in England, and worn by 
children, is ufually called a jam. Hodges's Travels in India. 
JAM, f. [of uncertain derivation.] A conlerve of fruits 
boiled with Sugar and water. 
JAM 
To JAM, v.a, Afeaterm; to inclofe any thing between' 
two bodies fo as to render it immoveable. Falkner. 
JAMA'ICA, an ifland Situated in the Atlantic Ocean, 
about 4000 miles fouth-weft of Great Britain, and form¬ 
ing one of the molt valuable appendages to that crown. 
It is thirty leagues eaft of the ifland of St. Domingo; 
about the fame diftance north of the ifland of Cuba; hav¬ 
ing the gulf of Honduras on the weft and Carthagena on 
the continent of South America to the fouth, diftant 145 
leagues. The centre of Jamaica lies in about lat. 18. 12. 
N. and about 76. 45. W. Ion. from London. It is 150 
miles in length, and on a medium about forty miles in 
breadth, containing 4,080,000 acres; of which -900,000 
acres were planted in 1675; and in November 1789, there 
were no more than 1,907,589 acres located or taken up 
by grants from the crown. This ifland is interfered with 
a ridge of fteep rocks, from which ilTue a vaft number of 
fmall rivers of pure wholefome water, which fall down in 
cataracts, and together with the ftupendous height of the 
mountains, and the bright verdure of the trees, through 
which they flow with rapidity to the fea on both Sides of 
the ifland, form a moll delightful landfcape ; but none 
are navigable by marine veffels. Black River is the deepeft, 
and is navigable for flat-bottomed boats and canoes thirty 
miles. 
Sugar is the greatell and moll valuable production of 
this ifland. Of this article was exported to Great Britain 
in 1787, 824,706 cwt. in 1790, 1,185,519 cwt. It pro¬ 
duces alfo cocoa, ginger, pimento, or, as it is called, Ja¬ 
maica pepper, and vulgarly allfpice ; the wild cinnamon ; 
the machined, whofe fruit, though uncommonly delight¬ 
ful to the eye, contains one of the worllpoifons in nature; 
the cabbage-tree, remarkable for its height, and for the 
hardnefs of its wood, which, when dry, is incorruptible, 
and hardly yields to any kind of tool; the palma, afford¬ 
ing oil, much elleemed by the negroes, both as food and 
medicine; the foap-tree, whofe berries anfwer all the pur- 
pofes of walking; the mangrove and olive bark, ufeful 
to tanners ; the fultic and redwood, to the dyers ; and 
lately the logwood. The indigo-plant was formerly much 
cultivated, and the cotton-tree is Hill fo. kere they have 
maize, or Indian corn, Guinea corn, peafe of various 
kinds, with a variety of roots. Fruits grow in great 
plenty, as citrons, Seville and China oranges, common and 
lweet lemons, limes, lhaddocks, pomegranates, mamees, 
papas, pine-apples, prickly pears, allicada pears, melons, 
guavas, feveral kinds of berries, and kitchen vegetables in 
great variety. Admiral Rodney enriched this beautiful 
ifland with many of the rare productions of the Eaft, which 
fell into his hands by the fortune of war; particularly the 
bread-fruit tree, the true Ceylon cinnamon-tree, and the 
mango-tree. Jamaica can boall of a botanical garden 
containing the rareft collection of curious trees and plants 
perhaps in the world ; of which a catalogue has been 
publilhed. The botanical garden contains, among other 
valuable productions, the Chinefe hemp, palm, Otaheite 
plum, tallow-tree, gum-arabic, paper-mulberry, from which 
paper and cloth are made, tea-plant, and Chinefe olive. 
The other productions, both animal and vegetable, are fuch 
as are common to the other illands in the Well Indies ; 
but mahogany is now become fcarce. In many parts of 
Jamaica there is a great appearance of metals ; and it is 
believed that the Spaniards had mines both of lilver and 
copper. A lead-mine was indeed opened fome years ago, 
near to the Hope eftate, in St. Andrew’s parilh ; but the 
poffeffors find more profit in cultivating the furface of the 
earth than digging into its bowels. 
Jamaica is divided into three counties, Middlefex, Sur- • 
rey, and Cornwall; fubdivided into twenty parilhes, with 
eighteen churches and chapels; each parilh has a reClor 
and other church-officers. Prefentations to livings are 
made by the commander in chief. The number of white 
inhabitants, in 1787, was 30,000; freed negroes 10,000; 
maroons 1400; and Haves 250,000; in all, 304,000. The 
value of this ifland, as Britiffi property, is eftimated as 
follows ; 
* 
