6 ?S JAM 
rims into the fea five miles and a half fouth of Young 
Point. 
JAM'S OS and JAMBO'SA. See Eugenia. 
JAM'BRES, [Hebrew.] A man’s name. 
JAM'BRI, a man’s name, i Mac. 
lAM'BUS, f. in the Greek and Latin profody, a poeti¬ 
cal foot, confiding of a fhort fyllable followed by a long- 
one. See Iambic. 
JAMBU SA. See Gmelina. 
JAM'DRO, or Palta, a lake of Afia, in Thibet. It 
is of fo great extent, that, according to the report of the 
natives, it requires eighteen days to walk round it. In 
the Lama’s map, however, the circumference is only 150 
Britilh miles. In the middle of it, there is, according to 
Giorgi, a continued range of hillocks and iflands; or ac¬ 
cording to the Lama’s map, one large ifiand, encircled 
by a lake from three to eight miles wide. On the weft- 
crn (bore of this ifland, or congeries of ifiands, is a mo- 
liaftery, and the feat of the Lamijfa Tarcepamo, or Great 
Regenerate; in whom the Thibetians think that a divine 
fpirit is regenerated, as in the Great Lama: 150 miles 
north-north-eaft of Taffafudon, and twenty-four fouth of 
Lafla. 
JAMENGIAN', a town of Perfia, in the province of 
Fa Hi (fan : fourteen leagues fouth-fouth-weft of Schiras. 
JAMES, [Heb. a fupplanter.] The name of a man ; 
the title of one of the books of the New Teftament. 
JAMES the Greater, the Ion of Zebedee, and the 
brother of John the Evangelift, was born at Bet'nfaida in 
Galilee. He was called to be an apoftle, together with 
St. John, as they were mending their nets with their fa¬ 
ther Zebedee, who was a filherman ; when Chrift gave 
them the name of Boanerges, or Sons of Thunder. They, 
then follow'ed Chrift, were witnefles with St. Peter of the 
transfiguration on mount Tabor, and accompanied our 
Lord in the garden of olives. It is believed that St. James 
firft preached the gofpel to the difperfed Jews; and after¬ 
wards returned to Judea, where he preached at Jerufalem, 
when the Jew’s raifed up Herod Agrippa againft him, who 
put him to a cruel death about the year 44. Thus St. 
James was the firft of the apoftles who fuffered martyr¬ 
dom. St. Clement of Alexandria relates, that his accufer 
was fo ftruck wdth his conftancy, that he became con¬ 
verted, and fuffered with him. There is a magnificent 
church at Jerufalem which bears the name of St. James, 
and belongs to the Armenians. The Spaniards pretend, 
that they had St. James for their apoftle, and boaft of 
poffefiing his body; but Baronius, in his Annals, refutes 
their pretenfions. 
St. James’s Day, a feftival of the Chriftian church, 
©blerved on the 35th of July, in honour of St. James the 
Greater. 
JAMES the Less, an apoftle, the brother of Jude, and 
the foil of Cleophas and Mary the lifter of the mother of 
our Lord, is called in Scripture the Juft, and the brother 
cf Jefus, who appeared to him in particular after his re- 
furreefion. He was the firft bilhop of Jerufalem, when 
Ananias II. high-prieft of the Jews, caufed him to be con¬ 
demned, and delivered him into the hands of the people 
and the Pharifees; who threw him down from the fteps of 
the temple, when a fuller dallied out his brains with a 
club, about the year 62. His life was fo holy, that Jofe- 
piius confiders the ruin of Jerufalem as a punilhment in¬ 
flicted on that city for his death. He is faid to be the 
author of the Epiltle which bears his name. 
Efrijlle of St, James, a .canonical book of the New Tef¬ 
tament, being the firft of the catholic , or general, epiltles ;. 
which are in called,as not being written to one but to fe¬ 
deral Chriftian churches. This General Epiftle is addreff- 
ed partly to the believing and partly to the infidel Jews; 
and is defigr.ed to correct the errors, loften the ungoverned 
zeal, and reform the indecent behaviour, of the latter ; and 
to comfort the former under the great hardlhips they 
tlfen did, or ftiortly were to, fuffer, for the fake of Chrifti- 
anity. 
JAMES, a, faint in the Roman calendar, and a cele- 
J A M 
brated eaftern prelate in the fourth century, was a native 
of Nifibis, a city of Mefopotamia, which was anciently the 
boundary between the Perfian and Roman dominions. 
He devoted himfelf early to the afcetic life, and by his 
great proficiency in divine and human learning acquired 
the furname of the Wife. He was a diftinguifhed confeffor 
in the perfecution under the emperor Maximinus; and, 
on account of his eminent fanftity and virtues, was at 
length elected bilhop of his native city. In the year 325 
he was prefent at the council of Nice, where he rendered 
himfelf confpicuous by the part which he took in defence 
of the orthodox faith. When at the commencement of 
the reign of the emperor Conftantius, about the year 338, 
Sapor king of Perfia laid fiege to Nifibis, our prelate per¬ 
formed the fumftions both of governor and bilhop, and fo 
effectually animated the citizens, by his example and by 
bis prayers, that they repulfed all the attacks of the af- 
failants, and obliged Sapor to retire from before their 
walls with difgrace. James died at Nifibis during the 
reign of the emperor Conftantius; and fo highly was his 
memory venerated by the inhabitants of that city, that 
when the greater part of them quitted it, upon its being 
delivered up to the Perlians by the emperor Jovian, they 
carried the bilhop’s remains with them, as lacred relics, 
James was the author of feveral works, an edition of which 
was publilhed at Rome, in 1756, folio, in Syriac and Ar¬ 
menian. 
JAMES de VORAGPNE, a pious Italian prelate, who 
derived his furname from Voraggio in the territory of 
Genoa, where he was born about the year 1230. In the 
year 1244 he entered into the Dominician order at Genoa, 
and rofe to be prior of his houfe. In the year 1267 he 
was appointed provincial in Lombardy, and prefided over 
that province till 1286. Afterwards he was created gene¬ 
ral of his order; and in the year 1292 was nominated 
archbilliop of Genoa, by pope Nicholas IV. He died in 
the year 1298, highly refpected for his piety and virtues; 
particularly for the prudence with which he conducted 
himfelf towards the contending faftions of the Guelplis 
and Ghibbelines, and his extenfive charities, to which he 
devoted almoft all the revenues of his archbilhopric. He 
was the author of a voluminous collection of the lives of 
the faints, known by the name of the ‘'Golden Legend,” 
in which, according to the judgment of his catholic cri¬ 
tics, he has introduced an infinite number of the moll 
abfurd and romantic fables which the greateft poffible 
credulity could lwaliow, and the molt vifionary imagina¬ 
tion invent. But, notwithftanding the abfurdities with 
which it abounds, it met with a moft favourable recep¬ 
tion in the world; and after.the firft printed edition of 
it in Latin, in the year 1470, folio, it was tranfiated into 
Englifti, French, and Italian, and underwent more nu¬ 
merous impreftions than any other work from the firft in¬ 
vention of the art of printing till towards the clofe of the 
16th century. The author alfo publilhed numerous Ser¬ 
mons, adapted fo Lent, the different Sundays in the year, 
the faints’ days, &c. and a work entitled, Maridk Aureum, 
containing 160 difeourfes in praife of the bleffed Virgin, 
which, fays Dupin, “are worth juft as much as his Le¬ 
gend, both 01a account cf their ftyle, which is mean and 
trivial, and the matter which they contain.” Our pre¬ 
late was likewife the author of a Chromc'on Januenfis Civi- 
tatis, the moft credible part of which has been given to 
the public by Muratori in the twenty-iixtli volume of his 
Collection of Italian Writers; and he is laid to have been, 
the firft perfon who caufed an Italian yeffion of the Bible 
to be publilhed, which was in the year 1270. 
JAMES de VI'TRY, a noted French cardinal and hif- 
torical writer, was born at the little town near Paris 
whence he, took his furname, in the latter part of the 
twelfth century. He received his education at the uni- 
verfity of Paris; and, having afterwards entered into or¬ 
ders/he after fome time became a regular canon in the 
monaftery of Oignies, in the diocefe of Namur. Hence 
lie went to the Thouloufain, where lie preached up the 
crufade againft the Albigenfes. Afterwards his zeal led 
him. 
