JAME S. 679 
him to preach up the crufade agalnfc the Saracens, to af¬ 
lame the crofs, and to follow the crufaders into the ealt. 
In that part of the world he continued many years, and 
■was made hiffiop of Ptolemais, or Acre. At length pope 
Gregory IX. in the year 1228, that he might recompenfe 
him for the fervices which he had rendered to the catholic 
caufe, invited him to Rome, raifed him to the purple, and 
bellowed on him the bilhopric of Frefcati. ■ Soon after this, 
he was fent into France in the capacity of papal legate, 
to preach up a new crufade againft the Albigenfes ; and 
he was afterwards "fent in the fame character into Bra¬ 
bant, and the Holy Land. He returned, and died at Rome 
in the year 1244. He was the author of feveral works, 
the moll curious and valuable of which was entitled, Hif- 
torite Orientalis & Occidentals Libri III. In the firft book 
the author gives an account of the Hate of affairs in the 
ealt, civil and ecclefiaftical, the manners of the inhabi¬ 
tants, &c. and the hiftory of the country from the time 
of Mahomet to the year 1210. In the fecond he gives a 
view of the llate of ecclefiallical affairs in the welt, during 
his own time. In . the third book he returns to the ealt, 
the hiltory of which he brings down to the year 1218. The 
firft and fecond books were publilhed at Douay, in 1597, 
8vo. and the third was given by father Martenne, in the 
third volume of his Tliefaurus Anecdotum. 
JAMES I. and II. kings of Arragon. See the article 
Spain. 
St. James of the Sword (San Jago del EfpadaJ, a mi¬ 
litary order in Spain, inllituted in 1170, under the reign 
of Ferdinand II. king of Leon and Gallicia. Its end was 
to put a flop to the incurfions of the Moors; the 
knights obliging themfelves by a vow to fecure the roads. 
An union was propofed and agreed to in 1170 between 
thefe and the canons of St. Eloy; and the order was con¬ 
firmed by the pope in 1175. The higheft dignity in that 
order is that of grand mailer, which has been united to 
the crown of Spain. The knights are obliged to make 
proof of their defcent from families that have been noble 
for four generations on both Tides ; they mud alfo make 
it appear, that their faid ancellors have neither been Jews, 
Saracens, nor heretics ; nor even to have been called in 
quellion by the inquifition. The novices are obliged to 
ferve fix months in the galleys, and to live a month in a 
monaftery. Heretofore they were truly religious, and 
took a vow of celibacy ; but Alexander III. gave them 
permilfion to marry. They now make no vows but of 
poverty, obedience, and conjugal fidelity; to which, fince 
the year 1652, they have added that of defending the 
immaculate conception of the holy Virgin. Their habit 
is a white cloak, with a red crofs on the bread. This is 
edeemed the mod conliderable of all the military orders 
in Spain ; the king carefully preferves the office of grand 
mader in his own family, on account of the rich revenues 
and offices whereof it gives him the difpofal. The num¬ 
ber of knights is much greater now than formerly,- all 
the grandees choofing rather to be received into this than 
into the order of the Golden Fleece; inafmuch as this 
puts them in a fair way of attaining to Commands, and 
gives them many confiderable privileges, in all the pro¬ 
vinces of Spain, but efpecially in Catalonia. 
JAMES, the name of feveral kings of Scotland and of 
Great Britain. See the articles England and Scotland. 
JAMES (jj'homas), a learned Englim divine am: critic 
who flouri fifed in the l'eventeenth century, was born at 
Newport in the Ide of Wight, about the year 1571. He 
•was educated in grammar-learning at V .nchefter fchool, 
where he became a lcholar upon the foundation,-and was 
from thence fent to New College, in the university of Ox¬ 
ford, of which houle he was made fellow in 1593. He 
took his degree of B. A. in 1595, and that of M. A. in 
1598. During the following year, after having collated 
feveral manufcripts, he publilhed Philobiblion Ric'aardi Du- 
nelmenfis, with an Appendix di Manufcriptis Oxonichjibus , 
4to. This work he dedicated to fir Thomas Bodley, to 
whom he had been Itrongly recommended for his learning 
anckextenfive acquaintance with books, and who defigned 
him for the office of keeper of that noble library which 
he was then building. In the mean time Mr. James pro¬ 
ceeded in the fame fpirit to publifh, Ec/oga Oxonio-Canta- 
brigienfis, 1600, 4to; containing a catalogue of all the 
manufcripts in each college library at Oxford, but not 
thofe in the public library, and in each college library as 
well as the public one at Cambridge. Anthony Wood 
fays, that, while he was making this catalogue, having 
liberty given him by each college in Oxford to perule 
their manufcripts, wdien he found that any fociety was 
carelefs about them he borrowed and took away what he 
pleal'ed, and placed them in the public library. I11 the 
year 1602 he was confirmed by the univerfity in the office 
ot keeper of the Bodleian library, to which he had been 
appointed by the founder; and in 1605 he printed, Cata- 
logus Librorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana, on which Joleph 
Scaliger bellowed high commendation. Not long after 
this he applied himfelf to examine the Hate of all the 
public libraries in England; which circumftance was no¬ 
ticed at the time by Camden in his Britannia, who calls 
him “a learned man, and a true lover of books, wholly- 
dedicated to learning, who is now laboriously fearching 
the libraries of England, and purpoletlw/iai for the public 
good which will be of great benefit to ftudents.” In 
the year 1614 Mr. James accumulated his degrees in di¬ 
vinity, and had the fubdeanery of Wells bellowed upon 
him by the bilhop of that fee, without any folicitation on 
his own part. About the fame time the archbilhop of Can¬ 
terbury, unalked, prefented him to the rectory of Monge- 
ham in Kent, and to fome other preferments. Thele 
promotions, efpecially when the manner in which they 
were conferred upon him is conlidered, were Itrong tefti- 
monials to his diltinguilhed merit. In the year 1620 he 
was appointed a jultice of the peace ; and in the lame 
year he refigned his place of library-.keeper, in order that 
he might purfue his intenfe ltudies with lefs interruption. 
He died in 1622, when only about fifty-one years of age. 
Wood informs us, that he left behind him the character 
of being the moll induftrions and indefatigable writer 
againlt the papills who had been educated at Oxford fince 
the reformation. The principal of his productions, ex- 
clufive of thofe already mentioned, were, 4. Bellum Pa- 
pale, feu Concordia Dilcors Sixti V. & dementis VIII. 
circa Hieronymianam Editionem, 1600, 4to. 5. Concor- 
dantiffi Sandtorum Patrum, i. e. vera & pia Libri Canti- 
cOrum per Patres univerfos, tarn Grcecos quam Latinos, 
Expofitio, See. 1607, 4to. 6. Apology for John WicklifF, 
fnowing his Conformity with the now Church of Eng¬ 
land, &c. 1608, 4to. to which is added the Life of Wick- 
liff. 7. A Treatife of the Corruption of Scripture, 
Councils, and Fathers, by the Prelates, Pallors, and Pil¬ 
lars, of the Church of Rome, See. 1611, 4to. and 1688, 
8vo. 8. Index generalis Sandtorum Patrum, ad fingnlos 
Verlus Cap. v. fecundum Matthaeum, See. 1624, 8vo. 9. 
Notte ad Georgium Wicelium de Mei iodo Concordise 
Ecclefiallicte, Sec. 1625, 8vo. 10. Vim’ ciae Gregorianae, 
leu Rellitutus inrtumeris pene locis C gorius Magnus, 
ex variis Manufcriptis, ut rnagno L re, ita fingula-si 
Fide, collatis, 1625. n. Specimen Corruptelarum Pon- 
tificiorum in Cypriano, Ambrofio, Gregorio Magno, & 
Authore Operis imperfedli, & in Jure Canonico, 1626, 4toJ 
JAMES (Richard), nephew of-the preceding, and like 
him a learned divine and critic, was born at Newport in 
the Ille of Wight, about the .year 1592. After paffing 
through the grammax-fchool, he was lent to Exeter col¬ 
lege, in the univerfity of Oxford; whence he was admit¬ 
ted a fcholar of Corpus-Chrilli college, in the year 1608. 
He proceeded B.A.in 1611, M.A. in 1614, and became 
probationer fellow of his college in the following year. 
About tids time he entered into holy orders, and was a 
frequent preacher; but W$od fays that his lermons were 
not approved of by any in the univerfity, excepting by 
1 1lie graver members. About the year 1619, he travelled 
for improvement through Wales and Scotland; whence 
he proceeded to Shetland,Greenland,and Ruffia; on which 
latter country he wrote obfervations, as well as on the 
cultoma 
