JAN ^ w 
JAN'DUN, a town of France, in the department of 
the Ardennes, and chief place of a canton, in the diltrict 
of CharleviMe : three leagues fouth of Mezieres. 
JANE, [from John.'] The name of a woman. 
JANE, ./l A finall coin of Genoa : 
The firft which then refufed me (faid he) 
Certes was but a common courtifane; 
Yet Hie refus’d to h&ve adoe with me, 
Becaufe I could not give her many a Jane. Spencer. 
JANEIRO, RIO DE. See Rio de Janeira. 
To JAN'GLE, v. n. [jangler, Fr. Skinner.] To alter¬ 
cate; to quarrel; to bicker in words. Now a low word .— 
There is no error which hath not fome appearance of 
probability refembling truth, which when men, who ftudy 
to be fingular, find out, ftraining reafon, they then pub- 
liih to the world matter of contention and jangling. Raleigh. 
Good wits will bt jangling ; but, gentles agree. 
This civil war of wits were much better us’d 
On Navarre and his book-men. Shahefpeare. 
To JAN'GLE, v. a. To make to found untuneably : 
Now fee that noble and that fovereign reafon. 
Like fweet bells jangled out of tune and harfli. Shakefp. 
JAN'GLER, f. A wrangling, chattering, noify, fellow. 
—News-carriers, janglers. and fuch-like idle companions. 
Brewer's Lingua. 
JANIC'ULUM, or Janicularius Mons, one of the 
feven hills at Rome, joined to the city by Ancus Martius, 
and made a kind of citadel, to protect the place againft 
an-invafion. This hill, which was on the oppofite fbore 
of the Tiber, was joined to the city by the bridge Subli- 
cius, the firft ever built acrofs that river, and perhaps in 
Italy. It was lefs inhabited than the other parts of the 
city, on account of the groflhefs of the air, though from 
its top the eye could have a commanding view- of the 
whole city. It is famous for the burial of king Numa 
and the poet Italicus. Porfenna, king of Etruria, pitched 
his camp on mount Janiculum, and the fenators took re¬ 
fuge there in the civil wars, to avoid the refentment of 
©ftavius. Livy. 
JANI-DU'NI, a town of European Turkey, in Beflara- 
bia, fituated on the Black Sea : forty miles weft-fouth- 
weft of Otchakov. 
JANI'PHA. See Gardenia and Iatropiia. 
JANISZ'KI, a town of Samogitia : thirty-fix miles 
north-north-eaft of Medniki. 
JANIVEE'R, the old name for January: 
I will fing what I did leere 
Long ago in Janiveere. Browne. 
JAN'IZARIES, f. An order of infantry in theTurkifh 
armies ; reputed the grand fignior’s foot-guards. Vofiius 
derives the word from genizers, which, in the Turkifli 
language, fignifies novi homines or milites. D’Herbelot tells 
us, that jeniteapri fignifies a new band, or troop ; and that 
the name was firft given by Amurath I. called the Con¬ 
queror, who chooling out one-fifth part of the Chriftian 
prifoners whom he had taken from the Greeks, and in- 
ftru&ing them in the difcipline of war and the doftrines 
of their religion, fent them to Hagi Bektafche (a perfon 
whofe pretended piety rendered him extremely revered 
among the Turks), to the end that he might confer his 
blefiing on them, and at the fame time give them fome mark 
to diftinguilh them from the reft of the troops. Bektafche, 
after blefiing them in his manner, cut oft' one of the 
fieeves of the fur-gown which he had on, and put it on 
the head of the leader of this new militia ; from which 
time, viz. the year of Chrift 3361, they have ftill retained 
the name jenitcheri, and the fur cap. 
As, in the Turkifh army, the European troops are dif- 
tinguiihed from thole of Alia, the janizaries are alfo dil'- 
tinguiftied into janizaries of Conftantinople, and of Da- 
njaicus. Their pay is from two afners to twelve per 
JAN csi 
diem; for, when they have a child, or do any fignal piece 
of fervice, their pay is augmented. Their drefs, confilts 
of a dolyman, or long gown, with Ihort fieeves, which is 
given them annually by the grand fignior on the firft day 
of Ramazan. They wear no turban; but, in lieu of that, 
a kind of cap, which they call zarcola, and a long hood 
of the fame Huff hanging on their (boulders. On lolemn 
days they are adorned with feathers, which are ltuck in a 
little cafe on the fore part of the bonnet. Their arms, 
in Europe in time of war, are a fibre, a carabine or muf- 
kc-t, and a cartoucb-box hanging on the left fide. At 
Conftantinople, in time of peace, they wear only a long 
ftaff in their hand. In Alia, where-powder and fire-arms 
are more uncommon, they wear a bow and arrows, with 
a poignard, which they call haniare. 
Though the janizaries are not prohibited marriage, yet 
they rarely marry, nor then but with the confent of their 
officers ; as imagining a married man to make a worfe fol- 
dier than a bachelor. It was Ofman or Ottoman, or, as 
others will have it, Amurath, who firft inftituted .the or¬ 
der of janizaries. They were at firft called jcija, that is, 
footmen, to diftinguilh them from the other Turks, the 
troops whereof confifted moftly of cavalry. The number 
of janizaries is generally above 40,000 ; divided into i6z 
companies or chambers, called odas, in which they live 
together at Conftantinople as in a convent. They are of 
a fuperior rank to all other foldiers, and are alfo more ar¬ 
rogant and factious, and it is by them that the public 
tranquillity is moftly difturbed. The government may 
therefore be faid to be in the hands of the janizaries. 
They have, however, fome good qualities; they are em¬ 
ployed to efcort travellers, and efpecially ambafladors and 
perfons of high rank, on the road ; in which cafe, they 
behave with the u tin oft zeal and fidelity. 
JAN'NA, or Jan’nina, a town of European Turkey, 
in the province of Theffaly. It is a confiderable town, 
and the fee of a Greek bilhop ; fituated on a lake, which 
communicates with the river Peneus. The province, by 
the Turks, is called Janna, from this town : forty mile? 
weft of Lariffa, and 340 eaft of Conftantinople. 
JAN'NA. See Thessaly, 
JAN'NAH, [Heb. one who anfwers.J A man’s name- 
JAN'NES, [Hebrew.} A man’s name. 
JAN'NOCK, f. [probably a corruption of bannock.] 
Oat-bread. A northern word. 
JAN'OAH, [Hebrew.] The name of a city. 
JAN'OHAH, [Hebrew.] The name of a place. 
JANOVIT'ZA, a town of Croatia : five miles eaft of 
Ivannitz. 
JANOW', a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Ka~ 
miniec : forty-four miles“north-north-weft of Kaminiec, 
. JANOW', a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Lu¬ 
blin : thirty-fix miles fouth of Lublin. 
JANOW', a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of 
Brzelk: twenty-four miles fouth-weft of Pinlk. 
JANOW', a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate- of 
Brzelk : fixteen miles welt-iouth-weft of Brzelk. 
JANOWIEC'Z, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Sandomirz : fixteen miles eaft of Radom. 
JANOW'KA, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Volhynia: forty miles north-eaft of Zytomiers. 
JANOWOW', a town of Poland, in the palatinate, of 
Lemberg: fixteen miles weft-fouth-weft of Lemberg. 
JANOZ'KI (John Daniel), canon of Kiow and Scar- 
bin ur, librarian of the Zalulki library at Warlavy, was 
born at Wieborg in 1720. He diftinguilhed himfelf by 
his literary talents ; and by feveral ufeful works, which 
he publilhed, rendered great fervice to the literary hiftory 
of Poland. He-died in 1786. His principal works are: 
1. Letters on Criticifm, 1745-1746, 2 vols. 8vo, 2. Ac¬ 
count of rare Polilh Books in the Zalulki Library, Bref- 
law, 1747-1753, 8vo. Janozki conceived the idea of a 
work of this kind at a very early age; but was deterred 
from the undertaking by the great fcarcity of Polilh books 
in Germany. Being appointed librarian of the Zalulki 
x. library 
