0 S 5 J A N 
himfelf to a number, and determined not to undertake 
more. Returning to Bruflels, his performances were 
as much admired there as they had before been in Italy ; 
but having married, and gradually become the father of 
eleven children, he was compelled to change his manner 
of painting in fmall, and to undertake only thofe of the 
. large kind, as being more lucrative, more expeditious, 
and alfo more agreeable to his genius and inclination. He 
adorned molt of the churches and palaces of his own 
eountry with his compofitions. The invention of this 
artifl was fruitful; he defigned correctly, his colouring 
is natural and plealing, his pencil free, and the airs of his 
heads have'beauty and elegance. As to the difference 
between his large and fmall paintings, it is obferved, that 
in corre&nefs and tafte^they had an equal degree of me¬ 
rit; but the colouring of the former appears more raw 
and cold than the colouring of the latter; and it is agreed, 
that for fmall hiftorical pictures he was preferable to all 
the painters of his time. 
JANS'SEN (Cornelius), called Johnfon, an eminentpain- 
ter cf portraits, was born at Amfterdam (though in the 
Chronological Tables, and in Sandrat, it is improperly af- 
ferted, that he was born in London), and he refided in 
Bngland for feveral years; where he was engaged in the 
lervice of king James I. and painted feveral excellent 
portraits of that monarch, as alio of his children, and of 
the principal nobiiity of his court. He had not the free¬ 
dom of hand nor the grace of Vandyck ; but in other 
refpe&s he was accounted his equal, and in the finifhing 
his pictures fuperior. His paintings are eafily diftinguilhed 
by their linooth, clear, and delicate, tints, and by that 
character of truth and nature with which they are ftrongly 
marked. He generally painted on board; and, for the 
molt part, his draperies are black ; probably becaufe the 
©ppofition of that tint made his flelh colours appear more 
beautifully bright, efpecially in his female figures. It is 
faid that he ufed a quantity of ultramarine in the black 
colours, as well as in his carnations ; which may be one 
great caufe of their preferving their original lull re even 
to this day. Frequently he painted in a linall fize in oil, 
and often copied his own works in that manner. His 
fame began to be fomewhat obfcured on the arrival of 
Vandyck hi England; and the civil war breaking out 
fome time after, induced him to return to his own coun¬ 
try, where his paintings were in the higheft elteem. He 
died in 1625. 
JANS'SEN (William). See Blaeu, vol. iii. p. 84. 
IAN/THE, a girl of Crete, who married Iphis. See 
Iphis. 
JANTONG', a town of Afia, in the kingdom of Co¬ 
rea : ten miles fouth of Long Kouang. 
JAN'TRA, a river of European Turkey, which rifes 
near Kabrua, and runs into the Danube near Ruleek in 
Bulgaria. 
JAN'TY, adj. [corrupted from gentil, Fr.] Showy; flut¬ 
tering.—This lort of woman is a janly flaUsrn : (he hangs 
on her clothes, plays her head, and varies her pofture. Spec¬ 
tator. 
JANUA'RIUS, St. the patron-faint of Naples, where 
his head is occafionally carried in proceffion, in order to 
flay the eruption of Vefuvius. The liquefaction of his 
blood is a famous miracle at Naples. The faint fufFered 
martyrdom about the end of the third century. When 
he was beheaded, a pious lady of Naples caught about an 
ounce of his blood, which has been carefully prelerved 
in a bottle ever fince, without having loft a Angle grain 
of its weight. This of itfclf, were it equally demonftra- 
ble, might he confidered as a greater miracle than the 
circumilance on which the Neapolitans lay the whole 
ftrefs, viz. that the blood, which has congealed and ac¬ 
quired a folid form by age, is no looner brought near the 
head of the faint, than, as a mark of veneration, it im¬ 
mediately liquefies. This experiment is made three dif¬ 
ferent times every year, and is confidered by the Neapo¬ 
litans as a miracle of the lirlt magnitude. The fubilance 
5 A N 
In the bottle, which is exhibited for the blood of the 
faint, has been fuppofed to be fomething naturally folid, 
but which melts with a fmall degree of heat. When it 
is firft brought out of the cold chapel, it is in its natural 
folid llate ; but when brought before the faint by the 
prieft, and rubbed between his warm hands, and breathed 
upon for fome time, it melts; and this is the whole myf- 
tery. 
The head and blood of the faint are kept in a kind of 
prefs, with folding doors of filver, in the chapel of St. 
Januarius belonging to the cathedral church. The real 
head is probably not fo frefli, and well preferved, as the 
blood. On. that account, it is not expofed to the eyes of 
the public ; but is inclofed in a large filver buft, gilt and 
enriched with jewels of high value. This being what ap¬ 
pears to the people, their idea of the laint’s features and 
complexion are taken entirely from the buft. The blood 
is kept in a fmall repolitory by itfelf. 
JANUARY,, the name of the firft month of the year, 
according to the computation now ufed in the weft. The 
word is derived from the Latin Januarius , a name given 
it by the Romans from Janus, one of their divinities, to 
whom they attributed two faces, becaufe on the one fide 
the firft day of January looked towards the new year, and 
on the other towards the old one. The word Januarius 
may alfo be derived from Janua “gate;” in regard this 
month being the firft, is, as it were, the gate of the- 
year. 
January and February were introduced into the year 
by Nairn Pompilius ; Romulus’s year beginning in the 
month of March. The kalends, or firft day of this month, 
was under the protection of Juno, and in a peculiar 
manner confecrated'to Janus by an offering of a cake 
made of new meal and new fait, with new frankincenfe 
and new wine. On the firft day of January a beginning 
was made of every intended work ; the confuls eleCt took 
poffeffion of their office, who, with the flamens, offered 
facrifices and prayers for the profperity of the empire. 
On this day all animofities were fui'pended, and friends 
gave and received new-year’s gifts, called Stcna. On this 
day too, the Romans above all things took care to be 
merry and divert themfelves, and oftentimes fuch a fcene 
of drunkennefs was exhibited, that they might with pro¬ 
priety enough have diftinguilhed it with the name of All- 
fools' day. The Chriftians heretofore failed'on the firlt 
day of January, by way of oppofition to the fuperliitions 
and debaucheries of the heathens. 
JANVI'ER (Peter), a learned French monk, was bom 
at St. Sufanne, in the diocefe of Mans, in the year 1614. 
He entered into the BenediCtine order in the year 1636, 
and diftinguilhed himfelf by his proficiency in literature, 
and particularly by the intimate knowledge which he ac¬ 
quired of the Hebrew language. After teaching it for 
feveral years, with great luccefs and reputation, he em¬ 
ployed himfelf in collecting and reviling the works of Pe¬ 
ter de Celles, who died bilhop of Chartres in 1187. Of 
thefe he publilhed an edition in 1671, in one volume 
quarto, with a preface written by father Mabillon. Five 
years before this,,he had publilhed at Paris, a Latin ver- 
lion of Rabbi David Kimchi’s Hebrew Commentary on 
the Pfalms, 4to. He died at the abbey of St. Germain 
des Pies, at Paris, in 1682, when lie was about fixty- 
eight years of age. In the collection of Eulogies, &c. 
publilhed on the death of the celebrated Jerome Bignon, 
the curious reader may find a tribute to his memory from 
the pen of father Janvier, written in the Hebrew tongue. 
JANTILLE, a town of France, and principal place of 
a diftriCt, in the department of the Eure and Loire : fe- 
ven leagues fouth-eaft of Chartres, and fix fouth-fouth- 
weft of Eftampes. Lat. 48. 12. N. Ion. 19. 33. E. Ferro. 
JA'NUM, [Hebrew.] The name of a city. 
JA'NUS, the molt ancient king who reigned in Italy. 
He was a native of Thellaly, and'fon of Apollo, accord¬ 
ing to lome. He came to Italy, where he planted a co¬ 
lony, and built a fmall town on the river Tiber, which he 
called 
